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The removal of trivalent iron and aluminum was studied from synthetic Li-ion battery leach solution by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation (pH 2.5–4.25, t = 3 h, T = 60 °C). Phosphate precipitation exhibited both crystal nucleation initiation (pH 2 vs. pH 3) as well as complete (~ 99%) Fe and Al removal at lower pH compared to hydroxide precipitation (pH 3 vs. 3.5). The precipitation time of phosphate was shorter (40 min) than that of hydroxide precipitation (80 min). At pH 4 the loss of valuable metals (Li, Ni, Co) in the precipitate was negligible in the phosphate cake, whereas in the hydroxide process the co-precipitation was 4–5% for Li, Ni and Co. The filtration rate of phosphate precipitate was shown to be significantly faster. The presence of fluoride did not have any notable effect on phosphate precipitation, whereas in hydroxide precipitation, it potentially had a negative effect on aluminum extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this study, the flexural and cracking performance of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) beams reinforced with high-strength steel reinforcement (HSSR) is investigated. Four beam specimens, including two UHPC beams and two normal-strength concrete (NSC) beams with different HSSR ratios were tested under flexure. The effect of concrete type and HSSR ratio on the flexural behaviour was evaluated. The failure mode, load-deflection response, stiffness, ductility and strain of the concrete and HSSR were discussed. Test results show that UHPC coupled with HSSR achieved better flexural performance and the ability to limit the development of the crack. The flexural capacity, deflection and stiffness for the UHPC beams were increased but the ductility was decreased as the HSSR ratio increased. The flexural behaviors of UHPC beams were predicted by section analysis. The flexural performance of HSSR-UHPC beams should consider the contribution of steel fibre to the tensile strength. Considering the influence of steel fibre, an equation was proposed to predict the average crack spacing. UHPC beams showed excellent agreement with the experimental results. The maximum crack width of 630 MPa reinforced UHPC beams was calculated by NF P 18-710 in accordance with the test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimulus-responsive wormlike micelles (WLMs) have attracted much attention in the past decade. In this work, dual-stimuli (pH and redox reaction) responsive WLMs were prepared with sodium 2,2′-dithiodibenzoate (DTSA) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The WLMs can be reversibly switched on and off by an alternating redox reaction originating from the cleavage and reformation of the disulfide bonds in DTSA. Moreover, the WLMs can also respond to pH stimulus. The corresponding responsive behaviors of WLMs were revealed using rheometer, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and 1H NMR analyses. The multi-stimuli responsive behavior makes the current system a good candidate for smart control of the sol-gel transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defects in perovskite are key factors in limiting the photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Generally, choline halide (ChX) can effectively passivate defects by binding with charged point defects of perovskite. However, we verified that ChI can react with CsPbI3 to form a novel crystal phase of one‐dimensional (1D) ChPbI3, which constructs 1D/3D heterostructure with 3D CsPbI3, passivating the defects of CsPbI3 more effectively and then resulting in significantly improved photoluminescence lifetime from 20.2 ns to 49.4 ns. Moreover, the outstanding chemical inertness of 1D ChPbI3 and the repair of undesired δ‐CsPbI3 deficiency during its formation process can significantly enhance the stability of CsPbI3 film. Benefiting from 1D/3D heterostructure, CsPbI3 carbon‐based PSCs (C‐PSCs) delivered a champion efficiency of 18.05 % and a new certified record of 17.8 % in hole transport material (HTM)‐free inorganic C‐PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defects in perovskite are key factors in limiting the photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Generally, choline halide (ChX) can effectively passivate defects by binding with charged point defects of perovskite. However, we verified that ChI can react with CsPbI3 to form a novel crystal phase of one‐dimensional (1D) ChPbI3, which constructs 1D/3D heterostructure with 3D CsPbI3, passivating the defects of CsPbI3 more effectively and then resulting in significantly improved photoluminescence lifetime from 20.2 ns to 49.4 ns. Moreover, the outstanding chemical inertness of 1D ChPbI3 and the repair of undesired δ‐CsPbI3 deficiency during its formation process can significantly enhance the stability of CsPbI3 film. Benefiting from 1D/3D heterostructure, CsPbI3 carbon‐based PSCs (C‐PSCs) delivered a champion efficiency of 18.05 % and a new certified record of 17.8 % in hole transport material (HTM)‐free inorganic C‐PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed at exploring the effects of Bacillus coagulans NRS 609 on the growth performance, intestinal health, antioxidant activity, and immune response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by colonizing the intestinal tract with the beneficial strain. Gavage B. coagulans with GFP-tag at 109 CFU/mL into common carp for 7 days. Results indicated that B. coagulans were maintained in the intestine for at least 14 days. Four groups fed B. coagulans at different levels of inclusion, including 0 (CK), 1 × 10 7 (A), 1 × 10 8 (B), and 1 × 10 9 (C) CFU/g of feed for 8 weeks. Experimental groups showed significantly better growth performance than the control (P < 0.05). The treatment groups had higher digestive enzyme activity, villus height, and muscle thickness than the control (P < 0.05). Supplementation with B. coagulans also altered the composition of the intestinal flora. In addition, an enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme and a reduction of malondialdehyde in the liver were observed with the addition of B. coagulans (P < 0.05). Moreover, the cytokines of IL-1β and IL-12, IL-10, and TGF-β, significant upregulation in experimental groups (P < 0.05). Based on the results, the optimal level of B. coagulans was 107 CFU/g in diets for common carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular passivation on perovskite surface is an effective strategy to inhibit surface defect‐assisted recombination and reduce nonradiative recombination loss in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the majority of passivating molecules bind to perovskite surface through weak interactions, resulting in weak passivation effects and susceptible to interference from various factors. Especially in carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs), the molecular passivation effect is more susceptible to disturbance in subsequent harsh preparation of carbon electrodes via blade‐coating route. Herein, bidentate ligand 2,2′‐Bipyridine (2Bipy) is explored to passivate surface defects of CsPbI2.6Br0.4 perovskite films. The results indicate that compared with monodentate pyridine (Py), bidentate 2Bipy shows a stronger chelation with uncoordinated Pb(II) defects and exhibits a greater passivation effect on perovskite surface. As a result, 2Bipy‐modified perovskite films display a significantly boosted photoluminescence lifetime, accompanied by excellent anchoring stability and anti‐dissociation of passivating molecules. Meanwhile, the moisture resistance of the 2Bipy‐modified perovskite films is also significantly enhanced. Consequently, the efficiency of C‐PSCs is improved to 16.57% (Jsc = 17.16 mA cm−2, Voc = 1.198 V, FF = 80.63%). As far as it is known, this value represents a new record efficiency for hole transport material‐free inorganic C‐PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-to-other model of empathy (SOME) states that a key reason for the empathic deficiency in autistic individuals is the imbalance of the self–other switch. The existing interventions of theory of mind contain training of self–other transposition ability but combined with other cognitive trainings. The self–other distinction brain areas of autistic individuals have been revealed, but the brain areas of the self–other transposition ability and its intervention have not been investigated. There are normalized amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations (mALFFs) within 0.01–0.1 Hz and many normalized amplitudes of frequency fluctuations (mAFFs) within 0–0.01, 0.01–0.05, 0.05–0.1, 0.1–0.15, 0.15–0.2, and 0.2–0.25 Hz. Therefore, the current study established a progressive self–other transposition group intervention to specifically and systematically improve autistic children's self–other transposition abilities. The transposition test with a three mountains test, an unexpected location test, and a deception test was used to directly measure autistic children's transposition abilities. The Interpersonal Responsiveness Index Empathy Questionnaire with perspective-taking and fantasy subscales (IRI-T) was used to indirectly measure autistic children's transposition abilities. The Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) was used to measure autistic children's autism symptoms. The experiment was designed with two (intervention: experimental group vs. control group) independent variables and two (test time: pretest vs. posttest or tracking test) × three (test: transposition test vs. IRI-T test vs. ATEC test) dependent variables. Furthermore, it used eyes-closed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate and compare the relevant maternal mALFFs and average energy rank and energy rank variability of mAFFs of autistic children's transposition abilities, autism symptoms, and intervention effects. The results showed the following: (1) There were many improvements (pretest vs. posttest or tracking test) greater than chance 0 in the experimental group, such as the three mountains, lie, transposition, PT, IRI-T, PT tracking, cognition, behavior, ATEC, language tracking, cognition tracking, behavior tracking, and ATEC tracking improvements. However, there was no improvement greater than chance 0 in the control group. (2) The maternal mALFFs and maternal average energy rank and energy rank variability of mAFFs could predict the autistic children's transposition abilities, autism symptoms, and intervention effects with some overlap and some difference in maternal self–other distinction, sensorimotor, visual, facial expression recognition, language, memory and emotion, and self-consciousness networks. These results indicated that the progressive self–other transposition group intervention successfully improved autistic children's transposition abilities and reduced their autism symptoms; the intervention effects could be applied to daily life and last up to a month. The maternal mALFFs, average energy rank, and energy rank variability of mAFFs were three effective neural indictors of autistic children's transposition abilities, autism symptoms, and intervention effects, and the average energy rank and energy rank variability of mAFFs were two new neural indictors established in the current study. The maternal neural markers of the progressive self–other transposition group intervention effects for autistic children were found in part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beam–column joints are critical members of reinforced concrete frames, the failure of which may induce the collapse of structures under earthquake action. The design equations in current codes are semiempirical; hence, they cannot precisely quantify the shear strength in the joint. Therefore, establishing an accurate predictive method for the shear strength and failure modes of beam–column joints is essential. In this study, three efficient artificial neural networks methods back-propagation neural network (BPNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) are proposed to predict shear strengths and identify failure modes. A database of 195 experimental specimens exhibiting shear or flexural failure is compiled from the literature and used to train and test the BPNN, RBFNN, and GRNN models. The results of the training and testing phases are compared with the experimental results, which evidenced that both BPNN, RBFNN, and GRNN models are effective methods for predicting the shear strength and failure mode. The database is also applied to evaluate the accuracy of GB 50010, ACI 318, and AIJ design codes and to compare their predictions with BPNN, RBFNN, and GRNN. The prediction model provided by the GRNN, less scattered and more consistent, is recommended for its satisfactory accuracy of shear strength of beam-column joints as well as excellent identification results of failure mode. Overall, BPNN, RBFNN, and GRNN models can be used as a suitable tool for estimating the shear strength and failure mode of beam-column joints in the structural predesigned process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints (BCJs) having high-strength steel (HSS) reinforcements in beams and columns coupled with high-strength steel fiber reinforced concrete (HSSFRC). Eight full-scale exterior BCJs with various reinforcement detailing were designed for a moment-resisting frame and subjected to reversed cyclic loading. The parameters in the test include reinforcement strength, concreting pattern in different regions and shear compressive ratio. The amounts of HSS reinforcements in beams, with a yield strength of 600 MPa, were reduced by 22.6% for specimens SEJH1 and EJH1 with 9% higher flexural strength and by 33.3% for the other specimens with 6% lower flexural strength, respectively, due to the enhancement in yield strength. The joints reinforced with HSS reinforcement showed similar failure modes, energy dissipation and secant stiffness as the specimens using 400 MPa reinforcement. Substitution of 400 MPa bars with a smaller amount of 600 MPa as beam longitudinal reinforcements was favorable to seismic performance and could resolve reinforcement congestion. While using HSSFRC effectively enhanced the ductility, decreased slippage of beam longitudinal reinforcements, improved concrete crushing and decreased shear deformation in the joint core due to improved bond degradation of HSS bars; but the peak load and secant stiffness were not significantly affected. The analytical results of design codes in GB50010 were agreed with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new mononuclear coordination compound based on Co(II), that is [Co(H2L)Cl2] (1), was formed through the reaction between CoCl2·4H2O and H2L in the methanol in which H2L is the tridentate ONO-donor hydrazone ligand [where H2L stands for (E)-Nʹ-(2-hydroxy-5-iodobenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide]. The reaction between CoCl2·4H2O and H2L in the existence of NaN3 provides [Co2(HL)2(CH3OH)2Cl2]·CH3OH (2), a phenolate bridged binuclear coordination polymer containing Co(II). Their treatment effect of polycystic ovary syndrome was investigated and the relevant mechanism was discussed. At first, the inflammatory cytokines levels in plasma were examined through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay assay kit after specific treatment. Except for this, the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway activation in the ovarian epithelial cells was determined through exploiting real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The above experimental results show that compound 1 could be an outstanding candidate to perform polycystic ovary syndrome through adjusting the estrogen receptor expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi2Te3 is a thermoelectric material with high thermoelectric conversion efficiency near room temperature. The control of its components is an effective method to improve the thermoelectric properties of Bi–Te based materials. In this paper, seven-layer Bi–Te thin films with Te content ranging from 36.29% to 77.29% were deposited on non-rotating glass substrates by co-sputtering and the samples were rapidly thermally annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Hall effect measurement methods, and the effects of the components on the film morphology and thermoelectric properties were investigated. The results showed that the films were composed of mainly Bi2Te3 after annealing. As the Te element content increased, the grain size in the film surface first increased and then decreased, the layers between the interfaces became less obvious, and the number of voids decreased. Subsequently, thin films with Te content between 60% and 75% were deposited on a rotating substrate; the thermoelectric properties were relatively high and stable after annealing. A film with Te content of 69.29% had a good crystallization quality and large grain size with a maximum power factor of 8.17 µW/(K2 cm) after annealing at 350 °C for 17 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complete global flood event record would aid researchers to analyze the distribution of global floods and, thus, better formulate and manage disaster prevention and reduction policies. This study used Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) terrestrial water storage and precipitation data combined with high-frequency filtering, anomaly detection and flood potential index methods to successfully extract historical flood days globally between 1 April 2002 and 31 August 2016; these results were then further compared and validated with Dartmouth Flood Observatory (DFO) data, Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) discharge data, news reports and social media data. The results showed that GRACE-based flood days could cover 81 % of the flood events in the DFO database, 87 % of flood events extracted by MODIS and supplement many additional flood events not recorded by the DFO. Moreover, the probability of detection greater than or equal to 0.5 reached 62 % among 261 river basins compared to flood events derived from the GRDC discharge data. These detection capabilities and detection results are both good. Finally, we provided flood day products with a 1 ∘ spatial resolution covering the range between 60 ∘ S and 60 ∘ N from 1 April 2002 to 31 August 2016; these products can be obtained from 10.5281/zenodo.6831384 (Zhang et al., 2022b). Thus, this research contributes a data foundation for the mechanistic analysis and attribution of global flood events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wind environment in residential areas can exert a direct or indirect influence on the spread of epidemics, with some scholars paying particular attention to the epidemic prevention and control of residential areas from the perspective of wind environments. As a result, it is urgent to re-examine the epidemic prevention response of residential spaces. Taking high-rise residential areas in Xi'an as an example, the article defines the air flow field area based on on-site wind environment measurements, crowd behavior annotation, and CFD simulation. Using the double-effect superposition of crowd behavior and risk space, the paper undertook a multiple identification strategy of epidemic prevention space. The identification methods and management and control strategies of epidemic prevention in high-rise residential areas are proposed. Additionally, the living environment of residential areas is optimized, and a healthy residential space is created. The transformation from concept and calls for action to space implementation is made to provide a reference for improving the space management and control capabilities in high-rise residential areas in China. The results of this study can be used as a guideline for future residential planning and design from the perspective of preventing airborne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observations worldwide have shown that in recent decades, groundwater depletion intensified notably in many regions. Understanding the interacting drivers of groundwater change enables better human adaptations to climate change and socioeconomic development. Here we use a structural equation model to quantify the contribution of natural and human-induced processes on the groundwater of China by using terrestrial water storage observed by GRACE in combination with climate and socioecological related data at a provincial scale. The results reveal that the influence of climate on groundwater change through indirect impact on the agriculture water consumption is larger than that through direct replenishment. Socioeconomic development contributes in the same order of magnitude as the direct replenishment by climate variabilities to groundwater. In general, forest plays an important role in reserving groundwater at a provincial scale. Based on future climate projections and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, it is projected that most regions in China will experience a greater groundwater depletion in the future and the variance among regions will become larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the connection between the beams and slabs adopting composite layers is cast on-site, which is laborious and time-consuming. In this study, a new type of precast concrete (PC) beam and PC slab connection, which was connected by stud/channel steel connectors, was proposed to enhance the efficiency of prefabricated construction. Push-out tests were carried out on 5 PC beam-slab specimens connected with studs and 3 PC beam-slab specimens with channel steel connectors. The test variables were the connecting methods of beam-slab, the connector reinforcement ratio and the connecting width between two slabs. The failure process, load and slip of the beam-slab connection were recorded. Then, the slip behavior, shear capacity and shear stiffness of the PC beam-slab connection were analyzed. The results showed that the new type of PC beam-slab connection proposed in this study was an effective form for transferring force between the beam and slabs. Based on the push-out test results, the shear mechanism of connectors was analyzed and the calculation formulas for shear strength of stud/channel steel connectors were put forward. The calculated values obtained from the proposed formula demonstrated a strong correlation with the test results, providing an accurate measurement of shear strength of the new type of PC beam-slab connection. This study offers a reference for realizing the fast-full assembly construction of PC frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) as an exterior reinforcement material are generally utilized to enhance the effectiveness of the current and new structures. FRP-confined concrete is characterized by its better mechanical properties. Accurately predicting the ultimate conditions and stress–strain responses of FRP-confined concrete make sense to achieve superior reliability and optimized functionality of structures. In this study, four prediction models based on machine learning, containing support vector regression (SVR), back-propagation neural network (BPNN), generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and extreme learning machine (ELM), were established, and their prediction performance were compared to achieve accurate prediction of the ultimate conditions of FRP-confined concrete. Moreover, a BPNN-based model to predict the stress–strain responses of FRP-confined concrete was proposed. A carefully evaluated and scrutinized database containing 384 FRP-confined concrete specimens under compressive load from various open-access sources was used to train these models. The results showed that these prediction models were more accurate in their predictions than the design-oriented models. Moreover, GRNN and SVR had superior prediction accuracy, followed by BPNN. The machine learning-based predictive models proposed in this study served as a valuable reference for the rapid prediction on the mechanical properties of FRP-confined concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precast beam–column connections, which are difficult to prefabricate and assemble, are critical members of concrete frames in high seismic regions. In this study, a novel type of precast hybrid connection with different connection configurations is developed for an easy and rapid construction. This steel–concrete connection involves a concrete column with an embedded steel skeleton, a concrete beam with an embedded H-steel, and a connection device including steel band plates and high-strength bolts. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed connections, three precast hybrid beam–column joints and one monolithic specimen were subjected to reversed cyclic loading and tested. During the test, load–displacement hysteresis curves and failure modes were obtained. The seismic behaviour was investigated in terms of stiffness degradation, load-carrying capacity, energy dissipation, ductility, and shear deformation in the joint core region. Experimental results indicated that the proposed precast hybrid connections exhibited satisfactory performance in terms of ductility, energy dissipation, rotation capacity, strength, and stiffness. The shear deformation of the proposed hybrid connections was reduced owing to the effective confinement of the steel skeleton, while the shear strength improved. Plastic hinges of precast joints with a square steel tube occurred in the beams, and these specimens exhibited flexural failure, which is consistent with the principle of strong columns and weak beams. Therefore, these proposed connections can resist high seismic loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet security requirements of space on orbit service, an obstacle avoidance trajectory planning method using improved particle swarm optimization had been presented in this paper. On the basis of the actual overall structure of 7 degrees of freedom redundant space manipulator and the characteristics of obstacles, the envelope method was used to model the arm and obstacles, respectively. The limit conditions to avoid the collision between them were analyzed. Then, the fitness function under the symmetrical conditions of avoiding the collision and searching for the shortest trajectory was constructed. In addition, the obstacle avoidance trajectory planning was solved based on improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO). Finally, simulation experiments were carried out to prove its effectiveness and rationality, where there were symmetrical advantages in two aspects. It can be concluded that the presented method based on IPSO has strong robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the structural design of beam splitters with high total transmission efficiency in the two-dimensional (2D) GaSb (Gallium Antimonide)-based photonic crystals, and several optimal structures for 1 × 2 and 1 × 4 Y-shaped beam splitters have been provided. Using our proposed alternating iteration algorithm, by introducing several microstructures in the bend and Y-shaped junction areas to achieve topology optimization, the design of Y-shaped beam splitters with high total transmission efficiency at 1550 nm makes great progress. The splitter structures are designed on 2D GaSb-based photonic crystals with a triangular lattice of air holes immersed in the GaSb. All designs are simulated numerically and analyzed by using the finite element method. The optimized structures of 1 × 2 , 1 × 4 Y-shaped beam splitters show that our optimization technique is efficient and simple. And the total transmission efficiencies both over 7 2 % at output ports are obtained, which indicates that our method is relatively efficient to other methods in some related reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hyperspectral Imaging System can obtain the spectral response value of each pixel in a fabric sample image while being applied to fabric color measurement. Compared with the common grating Hyperspectral Imaging System, the Hyperspectral Imaging System based on Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter (LCTF) has the advantages of small size, high spatial resolution, and easy integration, which has potential application prospects in textile industry. In this article, the performance of the LCTF Hyperspectral Imaging System for fabric color measurement was evaluated, and an improved model for calibrating the consistency between it and Datacolor 650 was proposed. First, the 210 Pantone cotton color cards were used as samples to study the color repeatability and reproducibility of the LCTF Hyperspectral Imaging System. For evaluation its color measurement ability, the measured reflectance values were converted to the CIELAB color space and compared with those of Datacolor 650. Then, a Radial Basis Function neural network model was proposed to calibrate the color consistency between LCTF Hyperspectral Imaging System and Datacolor 650 which can fully use the reflectance information of the whole band instead of only adjacent wavelengths. Experimental results show that the LCTF Hyperspectral Imaging System can accurately measure the fabric color with good repeatability and reproducibility, and the consistency between the two instruments was significantly improved based on the Radial Basis Function neural network model compared with the R model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the association between participation in community organizations and life satisfaction, and relevant mediating and moderating mechanisms among retirees. Positive and negative affect were considered as mediating variables, and family relation as a moderating variable. A total of 1132 community‐dwelling retirees aged 50 years or more were investigated. A self‐developed questionnaire with five items measured the level of organizational participation (OP) based on residential community. The Satisfaction with Life scale (SWLS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Family Cohesion sub‐scale of Family Environment Scale (FES) were used to assess life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and family relation, respectively. Mplus was used to conduct mediating and moderating analyses after controlling for six demographic and socioeconomic factors. First, the results indicated that OP was positively associated with life satisfaction. Second, positive and negative affect partly mediated the relationship between OP and life satisfaction. Third, family relation negatively moderated the relationship between OP and life satisfaction; that is, compared with those retirees with good family relation, the beneficial role of OP in enhancing one's satisfaction was more significant for those retirees with poor family relation; furthermore, family relation also moderated the links of OP‐negative affect. These findings suggested that OP related to life satisfaction of retirees through mediating roles of positive and negative affect, and family relation partly moderated the above direct and indirect processes. In a word, OP based on residential community had a positive role in buffering adverse influence of poor family relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is unclear how changes in soil freeze–thaw processes initiated by climate change might alter soil respiration. Using meta‐analysis, we quantified the thawing effect on soil respiration under different freezing intensities and explored possible relationships among effect sizes with environmental factors. Our results showed that the overall mean thawing effect size was 18.84% and was highly variable among different ecosystems. Mild soil freezing (≥−5°C) did not produce a significant thawing effect, while severe soil freezing (<−5°C) consistently increased soil respiration during the subsequent thawing period across a diverse range of terrestrial ecosystems. Thawing effect sizes were significantly positively correlated with soil pH and freezing duration, but negatively correlated with soil C/N ratios, suggesting that soil respiration during thawing periods are stimulated more by freeze–thawing events under conditions of higher soil pH, longer freezing periods or lower soil C/N ratios. Consequently, this study reveals the important role of antecedent soil freezing temperatures in triggering the thawing effect and furthers our understanding of climatic interactions with soil carbon dynamics. Highlights: Meta‐analysis was conducted to quantify the effect of thawing on soil respiration.Mild soil freezing (≥−5°C) did not produce a significant thawing effect.The threshold freezing temperature that triggers the thawing effect was around −5°C.Thawing effect size was regulated by soil C/N ratio, soil pH, and freezing duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a new type of solid amine sorbent was developed for low concentration CO 2 capture at ambient temperature. Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) porous hollow fibers were firstly prepared by a wet-spinning process. Tetraethylenepentamine(TEPA) was then grafted onto the porous structure of the hollow fibers. The amine modified hollow fibers denoted as TEPA@PAN-PMMA were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET), and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) methods. Performance of the TEPA@PAN-PMMA for CO 2 capture was evaluated by passing a 0.3% CO 2 -N 2 gas mixture through the porous matrix of the hollow fibers at ambient temperature. The highest CO 2 adsorption capacity reached up to 1.50 mmol g−1 for dry feed, and 3.00 mmol g−1 for wet feed, respectively. Cyclic CO 2 adsorption-desorption test indicated that the TEPA@PAN-PMMA sorbents are stable and regenerable. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer‐aided classification of pathological images is of the great significance for breast cancer diagnosis. In recent years, deep learning methods for breast cancer pathological image classification have made breakthrough progress, becoming the mainstream in this field. To capture more discriminant deep features for breast cancer pathological images, this work introduces a novel attention high‐order deep network (AHoNet) by simultaneously embedding attention mechanism and high‐order statistical representation into a residual convolutional network. AHoNet firstly employs an efficient channel attention module with non‐dimensionality reduction and local cross‐channel interaction to achieve local salient deep features of breast cancer pathological images. Then, their second‐order covariance statistics are further estimated through matrix power normalization, which provides a more robust global feature presentation of breast cancer pathological images. We extensively evaluate AHoNet on the public BreakHis and BACH breast cancer pathology datasets. Experimental results illustrate that AHoNet gains the optimal patient‐level classification accuracies of 99.29% and 85% on the BreakHis and BACH database, respectively, demonstrating the competitive performance with state‐of‐the‐art single models on this medical image application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aggregation of transactive response deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) into ubiquitin-positive inclusions is closely associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The 370–375 fragment of TDP-43 (370GNNSYS375, TDP-43 370-375), the amyloidogenic hexapeptides, can be prone to forming pathogenic amyloid fibrils with the characteristic of steric zippers. Previous experiments reported the ALS-associated mutation, serine 375 substituted by glycine (S375G) is linked to early onset disease and protein aggregation of TDP-43. Based on this, it is necessary to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. By utilizing all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of 102 μs in total, we investigated the impact of S375G mutation on the conformational ensembles and oligomerization dynamics of TDP-43 370-375 peptides. Our replica exchange MD simulations show that S375G mutation could promote the unstructured conformation formation and induce peptides to form a loose packed oligomer, thus inhibiting the aggregation of TDP-43 370-375. Further analyses suggest that S375G mutation displays a reduction effect on the number of total hydrogen bonds and contacts among TDP-43 370-375 peptides. Hydrogen bonding and polar interactions among TDP-43 370-375 peptides, as well as Y374-Y374 π-π stacking interaction, are attenuated by S375G mutation. Additional microsecond MD simulations demonstrate that S375G mutation could prohibit the conformational conversion to β-structure-rich aggregates and possess an inhibitory effect on the oligomerization dynamics of TDP-43 370-375. This study offers for the first time of molecular insights into the S375G mutation affecting the aggregation of TDP-43 370-375 at the atomic level, and may open new avenues in the development of future site-specific mutation therapeutics. [Display omitted] • S375G mutation alters the distribution of free energy landscape of TDP-43 370-375 peptides. • S375G mutation possesses an inhibitory effect on the H-bonds formation. • S375G mutation results in a weaker Y374-Y374 π-π stacking interaction. • S375G mutation displays an inhibitory effect on the oligomerization dynamics of TDP-43 370-375. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cationic-induced co-assembly strategy has been proposed. • Co-assembled 2D-2D graphene-MXene films have been fabricated. • One-step integration of wearable woven sensor. • Portable monitoring of daily nutritional status. Real-time nutrient monitoring plays a crucial role in identifying healthcare abnormalities and necessitates the development of advanced detection systems. However, the current monitoring systems encounter limitations attributed to the rigidity of materials, impeding the detection process. To address this challenge, wearable sensors have emerged as a promising solution. In this study, a novel technique utilizing cation-induced oil-water interface co-assembly is presented for the fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) MXene-2D Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) films (MX-RGO). Through this technology, the as-fabricated films are successfully transferred onto various flexible and wearable substrates in a single step, showcasing the versatility of the film on different flexible substrates. By deriving our wearable sensor from the 2D-2D co-assembly film, a critical gap in the field of nutritional monitoring technologies is addressed. The MX-RGO film demonstrates exceptional sensing properties, harnessing the ultra-high conductivity of MXene and the stability of RGO. This technological breakthrough enables the selective and accurate tracking of ascorbic acid (AA), a vital nutrient. The findings not only establish a new approach for the co-assembly of 2D-2D film-based materials as an active layer for wearable electronic devices but also hold promise for the future development of high-performance electronic products through the implementation of film-based sensors in medical care. A novel approach, termed cationic-induced 2D-2D co-assembly, has been proposed to create a film-based wearable smartsensor active layer, facilitating the seamless integration of wearable AA Smartsensors. This innovative strategy allows for the fabrication of diverse flexible substrates that can be incorporated into wearable systems. The resulting 2D-2D co-assembled film-based wearable AA Smartsensors have demonstrated the capability to remotely monitor nutrients for healthcare applications using electrochemical methods. This advancement holds great promise for the field of healthcare, enabling efficient and non-invasive monitoring of vital nutrients in a wearable and user-friendly manner. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovering critical elements from EV batteries is challenging as the separation is a complex process which involves different processing parameters. Cobalt (Co) is one of the metals which ensures the life of EV batteries and here we have successfully precipitated cobalt carbonate (CoCO 3) by semi-batch precipitation using cobalt sulfate and sodium carbonate as reactant solutions. The precipitation of cobalt carbonate was investigated by offline Raman spectroscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction analysis, inline Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM), and pH measurements. In addition, the effects of various factors including pH, aging time, reactant addition time, mixing speed, and temperature on cobalt carbonate precipitation and the properties of the precipitated solids were investigated. In the process of precipitation, the carbonate ions in the initial electrolyte solution were converted to bicarbonate ions during the addition of acidic cobalt sulfate solution, which consequently decreased the pH in the suspension. When the pH was lower than 8, the carbon mainly existed as bicarbonate and the cobalt carbonate started to precipitate at a high efficiency. Cobalt initially precipitated as cobalt carbonate hydroxide (Co 2 CO 3 (OH) 2) at a higher pH (9–11) and converted to cobalt carbonate at a lower pH (6.5–8). The crystallite size of cobalt carbonate calculated for the different reaction conditions shows that the growth response is high at longer reactant addition time and high temperature. The morphology of the final cobalt carbonate precipitate was small single spherical crystals and their aggregates. The purity of precipitates could be increased by reducing the aggregation tendency during the precipitation. [Display omitted] • Cobalt was precipitated based on pH decrease by adding CoSO 4 solution to Na 2 CO 3 solution. • Cobalt carbonate hydroxide precipitated firstly in pH range of 9–11 and then cobalt carbonate in pH of 6.5–8. • Effects of reactant addition time, temperature, pH, mixing speed and aging time were studied. • Raman spectrometry found to be a suitable monitoring tool for both solid and mother liquor. • Degree of aggregation plays an important role in crystal purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, by defining a new physical quantity called as the frequency offset in the harmonic oscillator model and combining with the established plasmon coupling model, we successfully explain the anti-crossing property caused by plasmon coupling of dimer composed of a silver nanoring and a silver nanorod. In the plasmon coupling model, we reasonably reveal that the physical mechanism of the coupling between bright mode and dark mode of the plasmons is mainly represented by the coulomb potential and the electrostatic potential. With this model, we explain also the asymmetric feature the variation of frequency offset and coupling coefficient with coupling distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the neural correlates of novelty and appropriateness of creative insight during cognitive tasks have been investigated in several studies, they have not been examined during mental distress in a psychotherapeutic setting. This study aimed to reveal the promoting effects of novelty and appropriateness processing on therapeutic insight in a micro‐psychotherapeutic setting. We examined the effects of appropriateness (between‐subject factor: appropriateness group, 20 participants; inappropriateness group, 21 participants) by manipulating the preceding negative scenarios that either fit or did not fit the subsequent solutions, and those of novelty (within‐subject factor) by varying the linguistic expressions for describing solutions (metaphorical, literal, or problem‐restatement). Event‐related functional magnetic resonance images were collected. We found the following effects: an interactive effect of the two factors on insightfulness and activation in the bilateral hippocampus and amygdala, right superior frontal gyrus, and left superior/middle temporal gyrus; a simple effect of novelty on activation in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and inferior/middle occipital gyrus; and a simple effect of appropriateness on activation in the left inferior parietal lobule. Our findings indicate that solutions with high novelty and appropriateness generate the highest levels of therapeutic insightfulness as well as the strongest activation in the hippocampus and amygdala, which may be involved in episodic memory encoding. Although several studies have suggested modest overlapping brain activations of novelty and appropriateness of creative insight with cognitive tasks, the current study examines the neural correlates of therapeutic insight in a micro‐psychotherapeutic setting.Our findings revealed that highly novel and highly appropriate solutions would produce the highest levels of therapeutic insightfulness and the strongest activation in the hippocampus and amygdala, which may be involved in episodic memory encoding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: No clinical study has investigated the use of ceftazidime-avibactam combination schemes with an in vitro non-susceptible antimicrobial that could be superior to ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at two tertiary hospitals in China for patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection treated with ceftazidime-avibactam for at least 72 h. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate covariates that potentially affected 30-day mortality. Results: Sixty-two patients were eligible for our study; 41 (66.1%) received ceftazidime-avibactam combination therapy and 21 (33.9%) received ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy. The overall 30-day mortality was 33.9% (21 patients): 24.4% (10/41) and 47.6% (11/21), P = 0.028, in combination and monotherapy groups, respectively. Combination therapy was significantly associated with lower 30-day mortality (Hazard ratio, 0.167; 95% Confidence Interval, 0.060–0.465, P = 0.001). At the same time, a higher APACHE II score, use of vasoactive drugs and comorbidity of organ transplantation were considered factors that increased mortality. The propensity score showed no significant alterations with other variables after adding it to the final model. In the subgroup analysis, the protective effect was revealed when combined with carbapenems, tigecycline or fosfomycin were applied, and in the following subgroups of patients: with sepsis, with creatinine clearance > 50 mL/min, stayed in the intensive care unit ≤ 30 days or underwent mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: Ceftazidime-avibactam combined with another in vitro non-susceptible antimicrobial, especially carbapenems, fosfomycin and tigecycline, could significantly decrease the 30-day mortality rate for critically ill patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Further investigation should be carried out to confirm this conclusion and identify autofit antimicrobials in ceftazidime-avibactam combination schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to determine disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)-associated organ failure and underlying diseases based on data from three ICU wards in tertiary hospitals in China from 2008 to 2016. The diagnosis of DIC was confirmed by an International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis score greater than or equal to 5. The maternal outcomes included the changes in organ function 24 h after ICU admission. The durations of hospital stay and ICU stay were recorded as secondary outcomes. Among 297 ICU admissions (median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, 4) for obstetric diseases, there were 87 DIC cases, with an estimated DIC incidence of 87 per 87,580 deliveries. Postpartum hemorrhage was the leading disease associated with DIC (71, 81.6%), followed by hypertensive disorders (27, 31.0%), sepsis (15, 17.2%), acute fatty liver of pregnancy (11, 12.6%) and amniotic fluid embolism (10, 11.5%). Compared with patients without DIC, those with DIC had higher rates of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome/death (27.6% vs 4.8%, p = 0.000), organ failure (36.8% vs 24.3%, p = 0.029), among which organ failure included acute renal failure (32.2% vs 10.0%, p = 0.000), respiratory failure (16.1% vs 8.6%, p = 0.057), disturbance of consciousness (12.6% vs 2.4%, p = 0.000) and DIC group also had higher rates of massive transfusion (52.9% vs 21.9%, p = 0.000), hysterectomy (32.2% vs 15.7%, p = 0.001), longer ICU (4 days vs 2 days, p = 0.000) and hospital stays (14 days vs 11 days, p = 0.005). DIC and amniotic fluid embolism were independent risk factors for organ failure in patients admitted to the ICU. Postpartum hemorrhage was the leading cause of DIC associated organ failure in obstetrics admitted to the ICU. The control of obstetric bleeding in a timely manner may improve obstetric prognoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study made participants sit to complete both the implicit sequence learning and the inclusion/exclusion tasks with the latter just after the former, and used eyes-closed and eyes-open resting states fMRI and their difference to test the ecological validity of the mutually exclusive theory (MET) in implicit-sequence-learning consciousness. (1) The behavioral and neuroimaging data did not support the process dissociation procedure, but did fit well with the MET. The correct inclusion-task response and the incorrect exclusion-task response were mutually exclusive with each other. The relevant brain areas of the two responses were either different or opposite in the eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-states and their difference. (2) ALFFs in eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-states and their difference were diversely related to the four MET knowledge in implicit sequence learning. The relevant brain areas of the four MET knowledge in the eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-state were the cerebral cortex responsible for vision, attention, cognitive control and consciousness, which could be called the upper consciousness network, and there were more relevant brain areas in the eyes-open resting-state than in the eye-closed resting-state.The relevant brain areas in ALFFs-difference were the subcortical nucleus responsible for sensory awareness, memory and implicit sequence learning, which could be called the lower consciousness network. ALFFs-difference could predict the four MET knowledge as a quantitative transition sensitivity index from internal feeling to external stimulus. (3) The relevant resting-state brain areas of the four MET knowledge were either different (for most brain areas, if some brain areas were related to one MET knowledge, they were not related to the other three MET knowledge) or opposite (for some brain areas, if some brain areas were positively related to one MET knowledge, they were negatively related to other MET knowledge). With the participants' control/consciousness level increasing from no-acquisition to controllable knowledge step by step, the positively relevant resting-state brain areas of the four MET knowledge changed from some consciousness network and the motor network, to some consciousness network and the implicit learning network, and then to some consciousness network; and the negatively relevant resting-state brain areas of the four MET knowledge changed from some consciousness network and visual perception network, to some consciousness network, then to some consciousness network and the motor network, and then to some consciousness network, the implicit learning network, and the motor network. In conclusion, the current study found the ecological validity of the MET was good in sitting posture and eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-states, ALFFs in eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-states and their difference could predict the four MET knowledge diversely, and the four MET knowledge had different or opposite relevant resting-state brain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was to evaluate the growth, intestinal morphology, intestinal flora, and anti-infection activity against Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp upon adding Bacillus licheniformis to the feed. Four experimental diets supplemented with different concentrations of B. licheniformis were as follows: 0 (CK), 106 colony forming units (CFU)/g (A), 107 CFU/g (B), and 108 CFU/g (C). After 60 days of feeding trial, the fish were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μL of A. hydrophila (LD50=5×106 CFU/mL) every day for a week to measure cytokines. Fish in group C showed the best growth indexes (weight gain rate: 186.88; specific growth rate: 1.76; and feed conversion rate: 1.07). The final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate in group C were increased by 47.9%, 87.4%, and 53.0%, feed conversion ratio reduced by 42.5%. Fish showed the highest villus height of intestine in group C. The intestinal flora analysis showed that, the richness of phylum, Firmicutes in the treatment groups significantly increased, and that of Bacteroides decreased remarkably. After the infection with A. hydrophila, B. licheniformis at 108 CFU/g significantly upregulated protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) compared with the control group. These results indicated that dietary supplementation of B. licheniformis not only increased the growth and influenced the intestinal development and disease resistance of common carp, but also altered the intestine microbiota structure. Furthermore, in our study, the optimal concentration of B. licheniformis in diets for common carp was equal to 108 CFU/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of Pd doped with Ti under different pressures are studied, using first‐principles calculations. The formation enthalpy is negative, demonstrating that the structure of the Pd–Ti alloy is thermodynamically stable. The corresponding mechanical stability conditions prove that the Pd–Ti alloy is mechanically stable. Moreover, the shear modulus, bulk modulus, ratios of bulk modulus to shear modulus, hardness, and Poisson's ratio are calculated. The results indicate that the hardness, ductility, and plasticity of the Pd–Ti alloy improve. In addition, the density of states, bond population, and Debye temperature as functions of pressure are investigated, revealing that the Pd–Ti alloy is metallic and the pressure does not make a huge change to the structure of the Pd–Ti alloy and makes the thermal conductivity and interatomic bonding of the Pd–Ti alloy improved. Theoretical basis is also provided for further research on Pd‐based alloys which probably have good prospects for superalloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing power demands of wearable electronic devices have stimulated the development of self‐powered systems in noninvasive healthcare. Herein, ultrathin homogeneous 2D flower‐like nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxide (Ni–Co LDH) nanocomposites are prepared by a one‐step hydrothermal method to integrate a self‐powered system for wearable sweat copper ions (Cu2+) monitoring. The Ni–Co LDH nanocomposites with a lamellar structure and numerous active sites, exhibit sensitive selectivity and low detection limits for Cu2+. In addition, the optimized Ni–Co LDH provides favorable capacitive characteristics as supercapacitors for self‐powering sensors, ensuring continuous sensing energy sources. By connecting wirelessly to a smart device, a self‐powered system is constructed to achieve wearable sensing of Cu2+ in the practical application of sweat. This simple yet effective strategy provides new opportunities for the development of self‐powering health monitoring sensors, as well as smartsensing more heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize the sustainable development of social economy, energy conservation and emission reduction has become one of the problems that must be considered in the current power system. Under the electric power market system, the economic load dispatch problem not only is important but also has practical significance and broad application prospects. In order to minimize the costs of electric-power generation, the load capacity should be reasonably assigned among many different generating sets. In this paper, an improved symbiosis particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed, aiming at providing a better solution to this problem. First of all, a mathematical model was established with certain constraints, which successfully converted the practical problem into a mathematical one. Then, to balance the global optimization and local search capability, an improved symbiosis particle swarm optimization algorithm with mutualistic symbiosis strategy in nature was presented. The improved symbiosis particle swarm optimization algorithm consisted of three swarms inspired by the proverb "two heads are better than one," and its specific analysis was through the standard test functions. At last, the economic load dispatch problem could be optimized by the proposed improved symbiosis particle swarm optimization algorithm. In addition, two different kinds of practical examples were also adopted for algorithm evaluation. From the simulation results, it can be seen clearly that the costs of electric-power generation gained were the lowest compared with the results of particle swarm optimization algorithm, improved chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm, and symbiotic organisms search algorithm, well demonstrating the effectiveness of the improved symbiosis particle swarm optimization algorithm in solving the economic load dispatch problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PAN-TEPA hollow fiber had an adsorption capacity of 5.07 mmol g−1 under low CO 2 concentration. • PAN-TEPA hollow fiber could be efficiently regenerated by temperature-vacuum swing (TVS) process. • PAN-TEPA hollow fiber had a high desorption rate of 11.16 mmol g-1h−1. • The breakthrough CO 2 adsorption capacity had no obvious decrease after 11 adsorption–desorption cycles. Solid amine sorbents have potential application in direct air capture of CO 2 due to the advantages of low generation energy-demanding, and high adsorption capacity. Although the powdery solid amine sorbents exhibit high CO 2 adsorption capacity, large pressure drop still limits their applicability. Structured solid amine are considered as good alternatives to solve this problem, but they still have the bottle-neck of insufficient CO 2 adsorption capacity. To this end, we proposed solid amine hollow fiber to address these problems. In this work, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA)-functionalized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fibers were fabricated via hydrolyzing nitrile groups on hollow fiber surface and then chemically grafting TEPA on it. The as-prepared PAN-TEPA hollow fiber was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). In CO 2 capture experiment, PAN-TEPA hollow fiber achieved high adsorption capacity under low CO 2 concentration (5.07 mmol g−1, 5000 ppm, CO 2 -N 2) source. The adsorption kinetics were studied, and Avrami fractional-order kinetics model fitted best with experimental curve. The adsorption capacities under low concentrations fitted well with Langmuir isotherm. Temperature-vacuum swing (TVS) desorption process was employed to rengenerate PAN-TEPA hollow fiber, and the regeneration conditions were screened. In direct air capture, PAN-TEPA hollow fibers had an adsorption capacity of 2.02 mmol g−1. CO 2 Saturated PAN-TEPA hollow fibers could be efficiently regenerated by TVS desorption process. After 11 adsorption–desorption cyclic experiments, the decrease of breakthrough CO 2 adsorption capacity is not obvious. Due to their characteristics in CO 2 adsorption and desorption processes, PAN-TEPA hollow fiber is a potential sorbent for separation and capture of CO 2 from ambient air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhang, et al. (2017) established the ecological microexpression recognition test (EMERT), but it only used white models' expressions as microexpressions and backgrounds, and there was no research detecting its relevant brain activity. The current study used white, black and yellow models' expressions as microexpressions and backgrounds to improve the materials ecological validity of EMERT, and it used eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-state fMRI to detect relevant brain activity of EMERT for the first time. The results showed: (1) Two new recapitulative indexes of EMERT were adopted, such as microexpression M and microexpression SD. The participants could effectively identify almost all the microexpressions, and each microexpression type had a significantly background effect. The EMERT had good retest reliability and calibration validity. (2) ALFFs (Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations) in both eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-states and ALFFs-difference could predict microexpression M. The relevant brain areas of microexpression M were some frontal lobes, insula, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, parietal lobe, caudate nucleus, thalamus, amygdala, occipital lobe, fusiform, temporal lobe, cerebellum and vermis. (3) ALFFs in both eyes-closed and eyes-open resting-states and ALFFs-difference could predict microexpression SD, and the ALFFs-difference was more predictive. The relevant brain areas of microexpression SD were some frontal lobes, insula, cingulate cortex, cuneus, amygdala, fusiform, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, precuneus, caudate lobe, putamen lobe, thalamus, temporal lobe, cerebellum and vermis. (4) There were many similarities and some differences in the relevant brain areas between microexpression M and SD. All these brain areas can be trained to enhance ecological microexpression recognition ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subduction channel is defined as a relatively thin and weak zone with coherent kinematics between the descending and overriding plates during subduction. The materials in the channel, showing the characteristics of mélange, consist of low-density, low-viscosity, highly sheared metasediments and/or serpentinite-rich matrix with relatively rigid blocks. The channel materials flow downwards and upwards, forming a kind of channel convection. Based on geophysical and geological observations on active oceanic subduction zones, combined with numerical simulations, the subduction channel model was initially set to shallow depths <30 km. With the development of numerical simulation technology and fossil subduction zone investigations, the subduction channel model was extended to depths of 80–100 km to describe deeper geodynamic environments of oceanic subduction zones and explore the exhumation of high to ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks. It is also extended to continental subduction zones in order to explain the exhumation of metamorphic rocks in different grades as well as fluid activity and crust-mantle interaction during continental subduction. Although there are a series of differences in material composition and slab/mantle interface property between the upper and lower plates, continental subduction channels exhibit many similarities in structure and dynamics to oceanic subduction channels. Existing studies have provided a fundamental understanding of the structural and dynamic characteristics of subduction channels, but many problems still need to be solved and clarified. In particular, the fundamental characteristics of subduction channels obtained by numerical simulation need to be confirmed and modified through geological investigations of fossil subduction channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposed a novel approach to color measurement of a single yarn using hyperspectral imaging system (HIS). Due to the size of a single yarn, it is impossible for spectrophotometers to measure its color directly. The HIS can acquire the spectral reflectance of continuous bands within a region of interest on a yarn sample, which can achieve color measurement of a single yarn compared with traditional spectrophotometers. A single yarn is segmented from the background by a spectral matching method through adaptively setting threshold of Fréchet distance values. The spectral reflectance of single yarn is specified by a method that lightness of pixels used as weight. The experiment based on Pantone Cotton Chip Set shows that the interinstrument agreement between the HIS and a standard spectrophotometer Datacolor SF650 has a significant improvement after using the R‐Model, and the average percentage improvement of the color difference is up to 54.99%. The yarn segmentation comparative experimental results show that the proposed method to segment single yarn from background is better in retaining the edge information of the yarn than the modified K‐means clustering method, and the color of the yarn segmented by the proposed method is more similar to the actual color of single yarn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mafic granulite, garnet peridotite, and garnet pyroxenite occurred as slices or lenses within dominant felsic granulite, and they together constitute a high‐pressure metamorphic terrane in the Bashiwake unit, South Altyn Tagh, Northern Tibet, China. Previous studies focused on the metamorphic evolution, and geothermobarometry results indicated that the mafic granulite has experienced high pressure/(ultra‐)high temperature (HP/(U)HT) metamorphism, followed by a medium pressure (MP) granulite‐facies overprint. However, the nature and petrogenesis of the mafic granulite in the dominant felsic granulite are poorly known. Combining the previous geothermobarometry results with the petrographic observations, mineral chemistry, and pseudosection modelling in this study, at least four stages were suggested for the metamorphic evolution of the mafic granulites in the South Altyn Tagh, including the eclogite‐facies stage (3–4 GPa, 910–1000°C), high pressure–ultrahigh temperature (HP–UHT) metamorphism, an isothermal decompression, and subsequent MP granulite‐facies overprint. The U–Pb dating of zircons yielded two age clusters: one age cluster at ca. 500 Ma, representing the retrograde age of HP–UHT metamorphism after the eclogite‐facies stage, and another age cluster of ca. 900 Ma that represented the age of the protolith for the mafic granulite. This indicated that the protolith of the mafic granulite was formed in the early Neoproterozoic and then was taken to extreme temperatures and pressures during the early Palaeozoic orogenic event. The elemental abundances of the mafic granulites in the Bashiwake area clearly indicated that they were higher in FeO and TiO2, but were significantly lower in MgO, Cr, and Ni than those of associated garnet peridotites/pyroxenites, and they showed LREE‐enriched patterns with slightly positive Eu anomalies. Sr–Nd isotopic data suggested a basaltic magmatic origin with crust contamination for the protolith of the mafic granulite. Integrating these results together with previous studies, we suggest that the mafic granulites were derived from the basaltic magma intrusion in the continental crust during the Neoproterozoic and subsequently suffered a common HP/UHT metamorphism with felsic crust rocks in the early Palaeozoic (ca. 500 Ma) after the eclogite‐facies metamorphism related to the continental collision (>500 Ma). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to determine whether metaphorical solutions to mental distress problems result in an insightful mental experience and activate the hippocampus and amygdala: areas associated with insight. We recruited 22 healthy university students. Trials presented 75 micro-counseling scenarios while event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was applied to detect neural responses. Each scenario included a mental distress problem and one of the following solution types: metaphorical, literal, or problem-restatement. The results revealed that, compared with literal solutions or problem-restatement solutions, metaphorical solutions activated two neural networks: one associated with basic metaphorical language processing (i.e., the left inferior frontal gyrus and middle and superior temporal gyri), and a specific network associated with insightful problem solving (i.e., the bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, and fusiform gyrus). Our findings indicate that the use of metaphorical solutions to mental distress problems reliably produces salient neural activities for insight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faulty heat pump system operating can cause excessive energy consumption and an uncomfortable indoor environment. Data-driven method is one of the most widely studied Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) methods in building heat pump systems. However, the fault data is difficult to collect and label, which makes it a significant challenge to apply a data-driven method. Therefore, a novel semi-supervised FDD method that could utilize small labelled and unlabelled fault data was proposed, considering unknown fault detection in unlabelled data. The fundamental model consisted of four parts: encoder, double discriminators, generator, and bagging classifiers, and all networks were integrated to train simultaneously. Additionally, batch nuclear-norm maximization and pseudo-label were utilized to improve the model. The proposed method could realize data augmentation, pseudo-label utilization, and FDD in one end-to-end model. Normal and fault data were collected from a variable refrigerant flow heat pump system to verify this method. The proposed method was compared with several methods in previous studies. The performance indexes showed that the proposed method had averaged 65.56%, 75.50%, 82.25%, 83.30%, and 86.26% overall accuracy under each training labelled group, respectively. The unlabelled data could improve the model effectively, and the averaged detection rate of unknown fault could reach 98.00%, 98.82%, 98.88%, 98.66%, 98.94%, and 98.82%, respectively, under different numbers of unlabelled data. Additionally, the analysis of unknown fault diagnosis results indicated that faults with different severities had similar operating characteristics. • A novel integrated end-to-end semi-supervised model was proposed. • The method was verified on a Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pump system. • The comparison between proposed and existed methods were discussed comprehensively. • The unknown fault detection and characteristics were analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin properties and efficient absorption performance are two significant factors in the practical application of electromagnetic wave absorbers, but still face considerable conflicts. Three-dimensional (3D) Carbon Nanotube (CNTs) interpenetrating network structure has been proved to be an effective strategy to obtain high performance electromagnetic waves (EMW) absorption materials. We report a 3D sea cucumber-like nanomaterial that uses pyrolysis to self-grow CNTs on the surface of bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). FeCo bimetallic MOF were successfully prepared and CNTs were grown after the pyrolysis of bimetallic MOF. The excellent EMW absorption performance of FeCo/CNTs composites was attributed to its multiple absorption mechanism. Electromagnetic analysis showed that the 3D structure increases the multiple reflections of the EMW and the CNT produces sufficient polarization effects. The interconnection of CNTs provides more opportunities for electron leap and electron hopping. When the matched thickness is 1.38 mm, the performance of EMW absorption properties showed a minimum reflection loss of − 59.24 dB at 17.10 GHz. Moreover, the ultrathin FeCo/CNTs composites could reach an effective absorption of 10.96 GHz (60.9% of 2–18 GHz) showing an ultra-wide absorption. This work provided options for the modification of MOFs derivatives as excellent candidates for EMW absorbers. • FeCo multi MOF were successfully prepared and self-grown CNTs after pyrolysis. • The 3D structure can extend the transmission path of electromagnetic waves and increase the attenuation effect. • The excellentEMWabsorption performance is mainly attributed to magnetoelectric synergistic effect between FeCo and CNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural, elastic and electronic properties of Co7M6 (M = W, Mo, Nb) μ phases were investigated by first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). The calculated cohesive energy indicates that Co7M6 (M = W, Mo, Nb) μ phases are thermodynamically stable. Besides, Co7W6 owns a higher structural stability than that of Co7Mo6 and Co7Nb6. The obtained elastic constant demonstrates that Co7M6 (M = W, Mo, Nb) are mechanically stable. With Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRH) approximation, the elastic bulk modulus (B), shear modulus (G), Young's modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio (ν) were derived. The ductility and plasticity as well as the elastic anisotropy of the three phases were discussed in details. Finally, the density of states and charge density difference were also analysed to reveal the underlying mechanism of structural stability and the elastic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The granulitized eclogites from the Luliangshan terrane of the North Qaidam UHP metamorphic belt occur as lenses within pelitic gneisses and orthogneisses. Combined petrologic data and phase equilibrium modeling indicate a multi-stage metamorphic history of the granulitized eclogites: (1) an earlier eclogite facies metamorphism (P>18.5 kbar, T> 830 °C) is deduced from omphacite relics in the matrix and rare omphacite inclusions within garnet. The possible assemblage is garnet+omphacite+rutile+ quartz; (2) the early stage of high pressure granulite facies assemblages (garnet+clinopyroxene+ plagioclase+rutile+quartz+liquid) developed in the early decompression process has a P-T regime of 17.5 kbar and 852–858 °C, constrained by plagioclase and clinopyroxene inclusions in garnet. The late stage of high pressure granulite assemblages (garnet+clinopyroxene+amphibole+plagioclase+rutile+quartz+liquid) records an isothermal decompression process with the pressure successively declining from 17.5 to 14.7 kbar and to 11.3 kbar at 858 °C; (3) the later medium pressure granulite facies assemblage (garnet+ orthopyroxene+ clinopyroxene+amphibole+plagioclase+ilmenite+liquid+quartz) indicates a drop in pressure and rise in temperature at P-T conditions of 7.6–7.7 kbar and 878–883 °C; (4) retrogressive amphibolite facies stage, which is represented by amphibole+plagioclase kelyphitic rims around garnet, formed under conditions of <5 kbar and <650 °C. The preservation of medium pressure granulite facies assemblage and the garnet composition feature constrain a following isobaric cooling path during late exhumation. This process suggests a clockwise P-T path and indicates that the granulitized eclogites record a high grade "Barrovian" metamorphic overprint at the middle-lower crust during exhumation. The present data show that the Luliangshan terrane is a "hot" HP-UHP terrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]