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Toldt's fascia has always been described as a fusion fascia formed by two layers of visceral peritoneum when the mesentery attaches to the posterior abdominal wall. However, there is still no consensus about the mesentery and its surrounding fascia based on the current anatomic theories. This study aimed to determine the anatomical structures of the abdomen and provide a correct surgical plane for mesenteric‐based surgery. Surgical videos of 121 patients who underwent laparoscopic operations of the digestive tract were reviewed to identify and compare the anatomical structures of the mesentery and associated fascia. Twenty‐one postoperative specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to indicate the histological appearance of the mesentery and its surrounding fascia. Furthermore, dynamic models had been established to explain the formation mechanism of the associated histological structures in different regions during the progression of mesenteric attachment. The fasciae surrounding the mesentery, including the submesothelial connective tissue, the subserosal connective tissue, Toldt's fascia, and "angel hair," have the same histological characteristic to extraperitoneal fascia. The general anatomical structure of the abdomen can be divided into three layers (abdominal wall, urogenital system, and digestive system) and two interlayers (transversalis fascia and extraperitoneal fascia). The extraperitoneal fascia surrounds the entire digestive system and is the natural layer separating adjacent structures from each other. Typical histological structures in the regions of posterior attachment include the fascia propria of the mesentery, mesofascial plane, extraperitoneal fascia, retrofascial plane, and anterior renal fascia. The urogenital system is surrounded by similar histological structures. There is no fusion fascia in the abdomen due to retreat of the visceral peritoneum, and all of the fasciae surrounding the mesentery are extraperitoneal fascia. This study demonstrates that the typical histological structures in the regions of attachment and mesofascial plane are the correct anatomic interface for mesenteric‐based surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) are the primary targets of perflurooctane sulfonate (PFOS). However, three subtypes of PPARs may exert diverse effects on the toxic response induced by PFOS, whereas related mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, an in vitrodifferentiation model of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) was employed to evaluate the interference of PFOS exposure on PPARs subtypes and the association with abnormal cell differentiation. The results showed that PFOS induced upregulation of mRNA expression of PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ at concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 μmol⋅L-1, up to 6.31 folds, 6.44 folds, and 15.4 folds in the treatment group of 1 μmol⋅L-1 of PFOS compared to vehicle control. Being consistent with PPARγ activation, PFOS promoted adipogenic differentiation and increased lipid formation in hBMSCs. Meanwhile, PFOS exposure inhibited osteogenic differentiation, decreased calcium nodule formation, and reduced the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which are the marker genes of early osteogenic differentiation. In addition, the enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes affected by PFOS in the gene profile of hBMSCs revealed that the disturbed pathways were mainly related to cell differentiation, bone metabolism and lipid metabolism. In contrast, PFOS exposure increased the mRNA expression of osteoprotectin, consistent with the upregulation of PPARβ. The results demonstrate that the activation of PPARs subtypes by PFOS may exert different effects on stem cell differentiation. Further research is necessary to gain an insight to understand the toxicity mechanism of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate histopathological placental lesions and adverse neonatal outcomes by Pre-eclampsia (PE) with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM).Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies with PE delivered between 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2014. Pregnant women with PE were recruited, and divided into PE with GDM (PE + GDM) group (n = 278) and PE without GDM (PE - GDM) group (n = 586). We compared the placental pathology and neonatal outcomes between the two groups.Results: The (PE + GDM) group was significantly associated with high placenta weight (534.8 ± 124.1 vs 519.3 ± 132.3 g, p = .011), the large diameter of the placenta (17.8 ± 2.2 vs 16.2 ± 2.7 cm, p = .016) than (PE - GDM) group. The incidence of chorioamnionitis in (PE + GDM) group was significantly higher than (PE - GDM) group [48.9% (136/278) vs 41.5% (243/586), p = .028], whereas there were no significant differences in umbilical cord length and infarction between the two groups. The (PE + GDM) group had a higher rate of prematurity [44.9% (125/278) vs 39.9% (234/586), p = .042] than (PE - GDM) group, in (PE + GDM) group the incidence of LGA [15.1% (42/278) vs 1.0% (6/586), p = .034], RDS [18.7% (52/278) vs 9.2% (54/586), p = .011] and hyperbilirubinemia [10.7% (30/278) vs 1.0% (6/586), p = .038] were higher than (PE - GDM) group.Conclusions: GDM increased the offspring's complication in pregnancy with PE, the potential mechanism might be that GDM increased the placenta inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the excited state intramolecular double proton transfer (ESIDPT) mechanism of 2,2'-(benzo[1,2- d :4,5- d ']bis(thiazole)-2,6-diyl)diphenol (BTAP) is proposed using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). The changes in bond lengths, bond angles and IR vibrational spectra associated with two intramolecular hydrogen bonds of BTAP upon photoexcitation indicate that the hydrogen bonds are strengthened in the excited state, facilitating the ESIDPT process. Investigation of the constructed S 1 -state potential energy surface proposes that BTAP prefers a stepwise ESIDPT mechanism. Electronic spectra and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) are also presented to illustrate the luminescent properties of BTAP., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of miRNA-340 for regulating the proliferation of gastric cancer (GC) cells and predict its interacting circular RNAs (circRNAs), its downstream target genes and the involved signaling pathways., Methods: The differentially expressed miRNAs in GC cell lines were analyzed and screened using miRNA microarrays. The expression level of miRNA-340 in 21 pairs of GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected using real-time PCR. MTT and EdU assays were performed to examine the effect of miRNA-340 on the proliferation ability of HFE145 and BGC-823 cells. We also tested the effect of miRNA-340 inhibition on subcutaneous tumorigenesis of GC cells in a nude mouse model. The downstream target genes of miRNA-340 and the probable signal pathways were predicted online using Targetscan and DAVID database, respectively. The interacting circRNAs of miRNA-340 were analyzed using starBase platform., Results: Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, miRNA-340 was significantly down-regulated in GC cell lines. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression of miRNA-340 was significantly lower in GC tissues than in the adjacent tissues ( P < 0.05). MTT and EdU cell proliferation assays showed that miRNA-340 overexpression inhibited the proliferation of GC cells in vitro. In the nude mouse models, the proliferation of GC cells transfected with miRNA-340 inhibitor was obviously enhanced. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that miRNA-340 had 21 target genes with 3 or more conserved sites, and these genes were involved in tumorigenesis and invasion. The top 10 circRNAs were selected as the most powerful sponge circRNAs interacting with miRNA-340., Conclusions: miRNA-340 may play the role of a tumor suppressor in tumorigenesis and progression. Overexpression of miRNA-340 suppress the proliferation of GC cells, suggesting its involvement in the development of GC along with multiple circRNAs.