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Screening theory explains how decision-makers search for and use external cues to overcome information asymmetry problems under conditions of uncertainty. We introduce screen credibility, screen necessity, and screen salience to the screener as boundary conditions that determine screen efficacy. We test our ideas in the context of corporate venture capital (CVC) funding aimed at industries where firms do not yet compete. These decisions are fraught with uncertainty, so we suggest that CVC decision-makers use the industry shareholdings of a firm's quality shareholders, who are knowledgeable about many industries, as a screen to help them decide whether to continue or terminate CVC funding in that industry. We also hypothesize that screen credibility, screen necessity, and screen salience to the screener condition the fundamental screening relationship. Analysis of CVC funding termination over a period of two decades confirms our ideas. A policy-capturing study administered to executives with CVC experience offers additional support. Our study thus extends screening theory by identifying the factors that activate a screen within the decision-making process. We also add a unique element to the empirical body of CVC research as we uncover the influence of corporate ownership on CVC decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on urban spatial networks based on "flow" data has become a new paradigm in the assessment of urban spatial connections and the delineation of metropolitan influence areas in urban geography and territorial spatial planning. Research on urban connections in Chongqing focuses primarily on districts and counties within the city's administrative region, utilizing passenger or cargo flow data to study the spatial structure of the network within Chongqing. However, few studies have been conducted on cross-provincial administrative regions between Chongqing and its neighboring areas, which does not align with the actual influence of Chongqing's metropolitan area. Based on highway traffic passenger flow data, this study employs social network and GIS spatial analysis methods to study the urban network spatial structure between Chongqing and its neighboring areas from the perspective of passenger flow connections. The results indicate the following: (1) Chongqing's central urban area serves as the absolute core of the urban network, with Changshou, Jiangjin, and Bishan as important nodal cities. Fuling, Bishan, and Changshou exhibit notable accessibility within the network, while Fuling, Qianjiang, Jiangjin, and Wanzhou play prominent intermediary roles. There are no prominent regional nodes outside Chongqing's administrative area, and the growth poles for the development of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle need further cultivation. (2) The passenger flow network between Chongqing and its neighboring areas exhibits a three-tiered axial connection, with the overall network displaying a distinct radial characteristic. The urban clusters in northeastern Chongqing form a distinct band-shaped axis along the Yangtze River with Chongqing. The urban clusters in southeast Chongqing and their neighboring areas exhibit radial axes, with relatively weak connections to the central urban area. Some areas in Guang'an and Dazhou have overcome provincial administrative boundaries, and the network hierarchy is distributed according to "4(level 1)+15(level 2)+18(level 3)." (3) The cohesive subgroups between Chongqing and its neighboring areas demonstrate a high degree of geographical proximity, forming a "core-periphery" structure. This reflects the significant influence that factors such as spatial distance and road extensions exercise on the road passenger transport network. Conducting research on the spatial structure of cross-administrative urban networks from the perspective of highway passenger flow holds significant theoretical and practical value for enriching research on the spatial structure of cross-administrative metropolitan areas and promoting the linkage between Chongqing's metropolitan area and its surrounding regions.

In this study, an ethanol extract from P. chinense Pursh was obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction, whose contents of total flavonoids and phenols were (17.43 ± 1.41) mg/g and (14.78 ± 0.95) mg/g, respectively. In total, 43 major chemical compounds were identified in the extract by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). In addition, the effects of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.3% P. chinense Pursh extract or 0.02% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) combined with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; 1:1, m/m) on lipid oxidation and protein stability in Chinese sausage were studied. The acid value (AV), peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value, carbonyl content, sulfhydryl content and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content of Chinese sausage were determined at different storage times. It was found that the TBARS value of the sausage with 0.3% P. chinense Pursh extract was significantly lower than that of the control group (0.02% BHA + BHT) on the 35th day, and the protein carbonyl and sulfhydryl contents and TVB-N content of the sausage with P. chinense Pursh extract were similar to those of the control group. Although the AV and POV of the P. chinense Pursh extract group were slightly higher than those of the control group, its lipid oxidation resistance was significantly better than that of the control group. Therefore, as a potential candidate to replace synthetic antioxidants, P. chinense Pursh extract has the potential to be used in the production of Chinese sausage for its positive effect on improving the product quality and extending the shelf life.