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MoS2 is a fascinating two-dimensional material with a range of remarkable properties. The structure of this composite material comprises a layer of molybdenum atoms sandwiched between two layers of sulfur atoms, which imparts several remarkable properties to the material, including exceptional chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and a large specific surface area. This article describes the successful synthesis of MoS2 and MoS2/CNTs (carbon nanotube) nanocomposites via a hydrothermal method, the introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) significantly enhancing specific surface area and improving electrical conductivity. At a current density of 1 A g−1, the MoS2/CNTs composite exhibited a specific capacity of 108.8 m Ah g−1. Following 5000 cycles with a current density of 10 A g−1, the material retained 74.49% of its capacity and nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency. The hybrid supercapacitor, denoted as MC2//AC, exhibited a specific capacity of 90.44 m Ah g−1 at a moderate current density of 1 A g−1. Even after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g−1, the capacity retention remained at 66.46%. At a power density of 799.27 W kg−1, the energy density reached 41.88 Wh kg−1. The result of research shows that the MoS2/CNTs nanocomposites display outstanding electrochemical performance, making them promising electrode materials in energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome (AMR) belongs to medicine food homology. Its' clinical application of invigorating the spleen-stomach of AMR was applied to various diseases. In this research, a UPLC-QTOF-MS method was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of AMR, simultaneously. A Waters Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm particle size) was used for separation of AMR multi-components. The column was eluted with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid-water and 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile. Electron spray ionization with positive-ion mode and external standard method was utilized for quantifying the nine analytes in AMR. Constituents of AMR were scanned by UPLC-QTOF-MS and then identified by mass fragments and chromatographic information compared with the published literature and reference standards. Under positive mode, a total of 61 chemical compositions including 16 terpenoids, 8 polyacetylenes, 6 aromatics, 5 flavonoids, 5 coumarins, 5 organic acids, 4 amino acids, 3 fatty acids, 3 aliphatics, 2 steroids, and 2 alkenes, a nucleoside and an aldehyde were identified. Simultaneously, the contents of three amino acids (L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tryptophan), three sesquiterpenoids (atractylenolide Ⅲ, atractylenolide Ⅱ, and atractylenolide Ⅰ), a flavonoid (rutin), an organic acid (ferulic acid), and a pentacyclic triterpenoid (oleanolic acid) were determined in seventeen AMR batches. Amino acids and triterpenoid were quantified for the first time in AMR. The UPLC-QTOF-MS method developed in this article was reliable, practical, and useful for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of AMR multi-components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the impact of micro-crushing technology on rice flour characteristics and its enhancement of rice cake quality, resting angle, slip angle, solubility, water-holding capacity, emulsification, oil absorption, gelatinization, and baking quality, rice flour and rice cakes were analyzed using a texture analyzer and a gelatinization instrument. The results indicated that a decrease in particle size led to a significant increase in damaged starch from 18% to 26.5%. Both the resting angle and slip angle increased, indicating reduced fluidity. The gelatinization temperature decreased from 76.63 °C to 71.61 °C, the gelatinization time was reduced from 6.6 min to 6.4 min, and gelatinization viscosity initially increased and then decreased. Water-holding capacity increased 1.0-fold with decreased particle size, and solubility increased 11.6-fold together with the increase temperature. Emulsification and oil absorption were optimal when the particle size exceeded 120–140 mesh. The conductivity of the rice flour suspension rose with decreased particle size, while the conductivity of rice flour paste and cake batter decreased. Decreased particle size led to significantly reduced rice cake hardness and chewiness of 47.77% and 52.44%, while elasticity, restoration, specific volume, and porosity increased 18.75%, 15.15%, 31.16% and 25.10%, respectively. The skin and core color darkened with reduced luminosity, correlating with enhanced sensory scores. Correlation analysis revealed that physiochemical properties of rice flour influenced gelatinization properties, thereby affecting rice cake quality. This study provides a foundation for utilizing fine rice flour in rice cakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, the generation of high-sulfate wastewater containing nitrogen is a significant challenge for biological wastewater treatment. In this study, halophilic activated sludge was inoculated in a Sequencing Batch Reactor to remove nitrogen from wastewater with a high sulfate concentration (60 g/L). With the influent concentration of 180 mg/L, the removal rate of total nitrogen was more than 96.7%. The effluent ammonium nitrogen concentration was lower than 1.94 mg/L, and the effluent nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations were even lower than 0.77 mg/L. The salt tolerance of activated sludge is mainly related to the increase in the content of ectoine in microbial cells. The Specific Nitrite Oxidation Rate is quite low, while the Specific Nitrite Reduction Rate and Specific Nitrate Reduction Rate are relatively strong. In the system, there are various nitrogen metabolic processes, including aerobic nitrification, anaerobic denitrification, and simultaneous nitrification–denitrification processes. By analyzing the nitrogen metabolic mechanisms and microbial community structure of the reaction system, dominate bacteria can be identified, such as Azoarcus, Thauera, and Halomonas, which have significant nitrogen removal capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous study, rice bread was prepared using a combination of rice–wheat mixed flour. To investigate the impact of the partial adoption of extruded rice flour (ERF) on mixed flour (MF) and mixed dough (MD), the effects of adding ERF on the pasting, mixing characteristics, texture, and water retention of the MF and MD were examined by a rapid visco analyzer (RVA), Mixolab, texture profile analysis (TPA), and a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analyzer (LF-NMR). The PV, TV, BD, FV, and SV of the MF declined as the incorporated amount of ERF increased. There was no significant difference in the PT at the 5–15% addition level (p < 0.05), but it showed an increasing trend at the 20–30% level (p < 0.05). The incorporation of ERF led to a significant increase in the water absorption (WA) of the MD, while the DT, ST, C2, C3, C4, and C5 exhibited a declining trend. The texture analysis revealed a significant decrease in the dough hardness with the addition of ERF, with a 55% reduction in the hardness of the 30% improved mixed dough (IMD), and the cohesiveness increased significantly (p < 0.05). The IMD was mainly composed of weakly bound water. The content of weakly bound water increased with the ERF amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic study was used to characterize 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 vintages of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Ningxia, which were vinified using the same fermentation technique. The pattern recognition methods of principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) clearly distinguished between the different vintages of wine driven by the following metabolites: valine, 2,3-butanediol, ethyl acetate, proline, succinic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, glycerol, gallic acid, and choline. The PLS-DA loading plots also differentiated among the metabolites of different vintages. In the 2009 vintage wines, we found the highest levels of gallic acid, valine, proline, and 2,3-butanediol. The 2011 vintage wines contained the highest levels of lactic acid, and the highest levels of ethyl acetate, succinic acid, glycerol, and choline were observed in the 2012 vintage wines. We selected eight metabolites from the 1H NMR spectra that were quantified according to their peak areas, and the concentrations were in agreement with the results of PLS-DA and OPLS-DA analyses.