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Purpose: The primary objective of this study is characterizing the anisotropic mechanical properties of corrugated cardboard and simultaneously simulating its drop cushioning dynamic effects under various drop conditions. Design/methodology/approach: Static and dynamic tests were conducted on corrugated cardboard to obtain adequate experimental data in different directions. An effective anisotropic constitutive model is introduced by developing the honeycomb materials model in ANSYS LS-Dyna, and an effective approach is established toward effectively determining the material parameters from the test data obtained. The model is validated by comparing simulation results with experimental data from five drop conditions, including bottom drop, front drop, side drop, 30° side drop and edge drop. Additionally, simulations are conducted to study the cushioning performance of the packaging by dropping the corrugated cardboard at different heights. Findings: The study establishes a fast and effective approach to simulating the drop cushioning performance of corrugated cardboard under various drop conditions, which demonstrates good agreement with experimental data. Originality/value: This approach is of value for packaging protection and provides guidance for stacking of packaging during transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cratering is one of the common electrocoating defect, which is very unfavorable to the anticorrosion of vehicle frame. A method to solve the catering defect on electrocoating of commercial vehicle frame in a hoist delivery line was introduced. The causes of cratering defect were analyzed from the aspects of product, material development, equipment, and process management, and some countermeasures were proposed. The problem was solved by eliminating the oil sources in the drying room, reasonably setting the baking temperature, changing the oils (such as the type of antirust oil) used in the frame manufacturing process, and controlling the oil content of vehicle frame, and hence the electrocoating quality of vehicle frame was guaranteed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the stage of development and design of a commercial vehicle, the anticorrosion level and the division of dry and wet zones should be defined, helping the selection of proper materials such as zinc-coated steel sheet and cold-rolled steel sheet for different requirements. The exhaust structure of floor and the cavity structure of body in white should be designed according to the electrophoretic coating process to ensure the properties of electrophoretic coating. The anticorrosion property of whole vehicle would meet high quality requirements by taking the following measures: modifying the cutting process of stamping plates, spraying stone chip protector on the surface of underbody, spraying sealant at weld seams, and injecting wax to the cavity of vehicle body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better understand the interfacial debonding behavior of pipe joints during the whole loading process, an analytical solution for the full-range behavior of adhesively bonded pipe joints under combined thermal and mechanical tensile loadings is presented in this paper. The solution was developed based on a simplified rigid-softening bond–slip model, and two cases with different softening region development were discussed. The analytical results were presented in a finite element model, and the effect of temperature on load–displacement curves and ultimate loads was shown based on the model. Through the nonlinear fracture mechanics, the analytical expressions of the interfacial shear stress and the load–displacement relationship can be obtained. The stress transfer mechanism, the interface crack propagation and the ductility behavior of the joints can be explained. This analytical result can help improve the potential application of fabricated structural components, precision instruments, oil and gas pipelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]