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Herein, a new series of 2-chloro-N-(5-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl)-4H-pyrazol-3-yl) acetamide derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole (10a–i) and 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine (11a–r) moiety was designed, synthesised as novel anticancer agents. The antiproliferative activity values indicated that compound 10 b stood as the most potent derivative with IC50 values of 12.0 nM and 10 nM against A549 and K562 cells, respectively. Mechanism investigation and docking studies of 10 b indicated that it possessed good apoptosis characteristic and dose-dependent growth arrest of A549 and K562 cells, blocked cell cycle into G2/M phase. Interestingly, 10 b suppressed the growth of A549 and K562 cells via modulation of EGFR and p53-MDM2 mediated pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice bacterial leaf blight is a destructive bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) that seriously threatens crop yields and their associated economic benefits. In this study, a series of improved dissolubility 7-aliphatic amine tryptanthrin derivatives was designed and synthesized, and their potency in antibacterial applications was investigated. Notably, compound 6e exhibited excellent activity against Xoo, with an EC50 value of 2.55 μg/mL, compared with the positive control bismerthiazol (EC50 = 35.0 μg/mL) and thiodiazole copper (EC50 = 79.4 μg/mL). In vivo assays demonstrated that 6e exhibited a significant protective effect on rice leaves. After exposure, the morphology of the bacteria was partially atrophied by SEM. Furthermore, 6e increased the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, causing cell apoptosis and the formation of bacterial biofilms. All the results indicated that 6e could be a potential agrochemical bactericide for controlling phytopathogenic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a series of novel tryptanthrin derivatives were synthesized and their inhibitory activities against selected human cancer cell lines, namely, lung (A549), chronic myeloid leukemia (K562), prostate (PC3), and live (HepG2), were evaluated using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium colorimetric (MTT) assay. Among the tested compounds, compound C1 exhibited a promising inhibitory effect on the A549 cell line with an IC50 value of 0.55 ± 0.33 µM. The observation of the cell morphological result showed that treatment with C1 could significantly inhibit the migration of A549 cells through the cell migration assay. Moreover, after treatment with C1, the A549 cells exhibited a typical apoptotic morphology and obvious autophagy. In addition, the detection of apoptosis and the mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that C1 induced A549 cell apoptosis via modulating the levels of Bcl2 family members and disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential. Compound C1 also suppressed the expression of cyclin D1 and increased the expression of p21 in the A549 cells, inducing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in a dose dependent manner. The further mechanism study found that C1 markedly increased the transformation from LC3-I to LC3-II. Taken together, our results suggest that C1 is capable of inhibiting the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, inducing cell apoptosis, and triggering autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The correlation between the micro-structure aging mechanisms and macroscopic mechanical properties of GAP-based propellant is studied through mesoscopic simulation calculation and several testing methods. • The aging mechanisms include chain breakage of crosslinking networks, decomposition of plasticizers, and dissolution of CL-20 particles. • The macroscopic mechanical properties are effected by the coupling of elastic modulus of the binder matrix and interface strength. • The elastic modulus of the binder matrix effects the change in the elastic modulus of the propellant.The interface strength mainly causes a decrease in the maximum tensile strength, maximum elongation, and dewetting strain. The correlation between the macroscopic mechanical properties and micro-structure of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)-based solid propellants during aging has been studied. A typical 60 °C–180 d high-temperature accelerated aging experiment on propellants was conducted. The changes in micro-structure were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and component analysis of the plasticizer and stabilizer. Changes in the macroscopic properties were analyzed through uniaxial tensile tests. The experimental results indicated that the micro-structure aging mechanisms of the propellants were the chain breakage of crosslinking networks, decomposition of plasticizers, and dissolution of CL-20 particles. The macroscopic mechanical properties were characterized by a gradual decrease in the maximum tensile strength, maximum elongation, dewetting strain, and elastic modulus during the aging process. Through mesoscopic simulation methods and correlation analysis, the relationship between the macroscopic mechanical properties and micro-structure was further established. The macroscopic mechanical properties of propellants are effected by the coupling of microscopic aging mechanisms. Chain breakage of the crosslinking networks and decomposition of the plasticizers lead to a decrease in the elastic modulus of the binder matrix. The elastic modulus of the binder matrix effects the change in the elastic modulus of the propellant. The dissolution of the CL-20 particles results in a decrease in the interface strength. The interface strength mainly causes a decrease in the maximum tensile strength, maximum elongation, and dewetting strain. These results are important for developing reliable predictive aging models for GAP-based propellant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) play key roles in the biotransformation of arsenic in groundwater systems. However, the effects of different types of DOM on arsenic biogeochemistry remain poorly understood. In this study, four typical DOM compounds (acetate, lactate, AQS and humic acid) were amended to high As aquifer sediments to investigate their effects on arsenic/iron biotransformation and microbial community response. Results demonstrated that different DOM drove different microbial community shifts and then enhanced microbially-mediated arsenic release and iron reduction. With labile DOM (acetate and lactate) amendment, the abundance of putative dissimilatory iron and sulfate reducers Desulfomicrobium and Clostridium sensu stricto increased within the first week, and subsequently the anaerobic fermentative bacterial genus Acetobacterium and arsenate/sulfate-reducing bacterial genus Fusibacter became predominant. In contrast, recalcitrant DOM (AQS and humic acid) mainly stimulated the abundances of sulfur compounds respiratory genus Desulfomicrobium and fermentative bacterial genus Alkalibacter in the whole incubation. Accompanied with the microbial community structure and function shifts, dissolved organic carbon concentration and oxidation-reduction potential changed and the arsenic/iron reduction increased, which resulted in the enhanced arsenic mobilization. Collectively, the present study linked DOM type to microbial community structure and explored the potential roles of different DOM on arsenic biotransformation in aquifers. [Display omitted] • Different DOM can enhance arsenic transformation and trigger differential response of microbial communities. • Labile DOM amendment led to the microbial shift from sulfate/ferric reducers to anaerobic fermentative genus. • Recalcitrant DOM stimulates the abundances of mainly genus Desulfomicrobium. • Humic acid can affect arsenic biotransformation via influencing redox condition/biomineralization and priming effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesh-structured films formed by the post-processing of microfibers improves their permeability and dexterity, such as disposable masks. However, the aging behavior and potential risks of mesh-structured microfibers (MS-MFs) in landfill leachate remain poorly understood. Herein, the aging behavior and mechanisms of MS-MFs and ordinary polypropylene-films (PP-films) microplastics, as well as their leaching concerning dissolved organic matter (DOM) in landfill leachate were investigated. Results revealed that MS-MFs underwent more significant physicochemical changes than PP-films during the aging process in landfill leachate, due to their rich porous habitats. An important factor in the photoaging of MS-MFs was related to reactive oxygen species produced by DOM, and this process was promoted by photoelectrons under UV irradiation. Compared with PP-films, MS-MFs released more DOM and nano-plastics fragments into landfill leachate, altering the composition and molecular weight of DOM. Aged MS-MFs-DOM generated new components, and humus-like substances produced by photochemistry showed the largest increase. Correlation analysis revealed that leached DOM was positively correlated with oxygen-containing groups accumulated in aged MS-MFs. Overall, MS-MFs will bring higher environmental risks and become a new long-term source of DOM contaminants in landfill leachate. This study provides new insights into the impact of novel microfibers on landfill leachate carbon dynamics. [Display omitted] • UV light promotes the aging of MS-MFs than that of PP-films in landfills. • MS-MFs release more photoinduced humic-like DOM than PP-films into leachate. • Leached DOM is positively related with O-containing groups in aged MS-MFs. • DOM promote ROS generation, thus accelerating the aging of MS-MFs. • Aged MS-MFs aggravate the complexity of DOM in landfill leachate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion inhibiting performance and mechanism of two dithioamide derivatives, N,N′-di-ethyl-dithiodipropinoamide (ED) and N,N′-di-ethyoxylpropyl-dithiodipropinoamide (EPD), for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution were investigated by experiments, DFT calculation and MD simulations. EPD and ED are both mixed-type inhibitors with excellent inhibition efficiency (95.2% and of 92.6%, respectively) by weight loss experiments; SEM images also demonstrate the formation of compact inhibiting monolayer. On molecular level, both molecules can be tightly parallel absorbed on Fe (110) surface through S–Fe and O–Fe coordination bounds by the overlapping of heteroatom p orbitals and Fe 3 d orbitals, with binding energies of 369.56 kJ/mol and 608.55 kJ/mol. Strong multi-intermolecular H-binding network drives ED and EPD molecules orderly self-assemble on iron surface and form protective monolayer. EPD network keeps intact up to 1.0 MPa, guarantees its potential applications in deep-sea environment. EPD could be self-assembled by hydrogen bonding to form monolayer film. Image 1 • The inhibition properties and mechanism of ED and EPD were investigated. • The inhibition efficiency of ED and EPD are 92.6% and 95.2%, respectively. • Monolayer of ED or EPD could be self-assembled by cross-link H-bonding network. • EPD filming kept intact under 1.0 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of host-guest inclusion complexes by Pillar [5]arene (P [5]) and cationic nitrogen heterocyclic molecules were studied by DFT calculations at B3LYP-D3/6-311 + G** level, together with their equilibrium geometries, binding energies and electronic structures. MESP, NCI-RDG and AIM topography analysis were performed to explore underlying interactions. Geometric structures of inclusion complexes were changed compared with the individual molecules; MESP analysis revealed the driving force for the binding process; QTAIM and NCI-RDG methods were utilized to reveal the underlying non-covalent interactions. The inclusion complexes in 1:1 ratio were stabilized through weak C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, C–H···π, π+···π and van der Waals interactions. The calculated electrophilic charge transfer indicated that charge flowed from P [5] to guests. Gibbs free energy accompanying the recognition process certified that formation of complexes were spontaneous and thermodynamically favorable. • The cation guests prefer to accommodate in the cavity of pillar [ 5 ]arene. • Pillar [ 5 ]arene undergoes distortion after encapsulation. • Charge distribution is the major driving force for the encapsulation process. • C–H⋯O, C–H···π and π+···π interactions are stabilizing factors. • The recognition processes are spontaneous and thermodynamically favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Host-guest inclusion complex formation of tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine (1) with anions X(CH 3 COO−, ClO 4 −, BrO 4 −, IO 4 −, SO 4 2−, SO 3 2−, CO 3 2−, SiO 3 2−) was studied by DFT calculations at M062X/6-311+G** level, together with their equilibrium geometries, binding energies and electronic structures. MESP, NCI-RDG and AIM topography analysis were performed to explore underlying interactions. The inclusion complexes in 1:1 ratio were stabilized through a cooperative effect of non-covalent interactions, including anion-π, σ-interactions, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. The recognition process of anions within 1 was spontaneous both thermodynamically and dynamically. The structure of molecule 1 changed slightly after encapsulation, reflected in IR and NMR spectra. After complexation, the red shifts of C H stretching and triazine rings bending in IR were attributed by hydrogen bonds and anion-π interactions. Anions encased in the host cavity exhibited magnetic shielding; those bifurcate hydrogen bonds could cause chemical shifts signals in 1H NMR spectra. • Tetraoxa[2]arene[2]triazine can selectively recognize anions. • The anion-π interactions and hydrogen bonds maintain the stability of the system. • The recognition process accompanied with electron transfer and redistribution. • The solvents weaken the binding interaction significantly. • The shifts of IR and NMR spectra are obvious makers of the combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Forsythiae Fructus aqueous extract (FAE) against cisplatin-induced emesis and to explore the antiemetic mechanism of FAE by focusing on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a rat pica model. Our results showed that FAE significantly ameliorated cisplatin-induced acute and delayed pica in rats. Moreover, FAE improved the gastrointestinal histopathological injury and reduced the levels of serum ROS, IL-1β, and IL-18 in cisplatin-treated rats. In addition, the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β and the colocalization of the NLRP3 with ASC or caspase-1 in rat gastric antrum and ileum were also suppressed by FAE. Taken together, our findings indicate that FAE has a therapeutic effect against CINV, which may be related to its inhibition of the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polyacrylamide with capsaicin‐derived monomers (AM–MAA–AMPS–HMBA–SMA; AMAHS) was synthesized and investigated as a novel environment‐friendly polymer inhibitor for Q235 mild steel at 25°C in 1 M HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency was evaluated by weight loss measurements, electrochemical experiments, and surface investigation methods as well as by theoretical calculations. Experimental results indicated that the efficiency of AMAHS was up to 94.86% at the concentration of 2 g/L. Electrochemical tests and surface morphology analysis showed that AMAHS served as a mixed‐type corrosion inhibitor, which could be adsorbed and self‐assembled on the surface of mild steel forming a highly hydrophobic protective film (contact angle of 172°). Density functional theory calculations revealed that heteroatoms in AMAHS, such as O, N, S, are active sites in forming coordination bonds with surface iron atoms. In addition, hydrophobic groups played an important role in protecting the metal surfaces from corrosion media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic cotton fabric was successfully fabricated by immersing commercial cotton fabric in F-POSS star polymer solutions. Herein, the well-defined fluoropolymer was firstly synthesized by EY catalyzed PET-RAFT polymerization. And then, the F-POSS star polymer was prepared by thiol–ene click chemistry. The roughness increased with the concentration of F-POSS solution. When the concentration became 15 mg/ml, the water contact angle reached 152o, indicating the as-prepared cotton fabric present superhydrophobic. The oil/water separation performances were verified by selective adsorption, batch and continuous oil/water separations. Even after ten recycles, the separation efficiency and flux maintained over 96% and 65000 L/(m2·h), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fluorinate acrylate copolymers with different fluorine content were successfully synthesized via mini-emulsion. The synthesized copolymer showed homogeneous particle size distribution and good stability. • The copolymer with higher fluorine content showed better thermal stability and hydrophobicity. • The copolymer was used for fluid drag reduction, showing excellent drag reduction efficiency, especially at low water flow rates. Fluorinated polyacrylate copolymers containing various amounts of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl methacrylate (FA) were synthesized via a miniemulsion polymerization process. The characteristics of latex particles and films were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that particle size increased almost linearly with FA content, and the surface hydrophobicity of the films increased with FA content up to 14.6 wt% and then plateaued. As the FA content increased, the surface roughness of the films initially increased and then decreased. The thermal stability of fluorinated polyacrylate was significantly enhanced when a high amount of FA was incorporated into the polymer chains. The fluorinated acrylic copolymer coating also exhibited a significant drag reduction effect, with the maximum drag reduction ratio reaching 12% at a water flow velocity of 0.8 m/s. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel cocrystals were successfully constructed by 1(2H)-Phthalazinone (PHT) and Tetrafluoroterephthalic acid (TETA) based on O–H⋯O, N–H⋯O, C–H⋯O, C–H⋯F, N–H⋯N and C–H⋯N hydrogen bonding networks, and were well depicted by single crystal diffraction analysis. As predicted by electrostatic potential analysis, the stoichiometry of PHT to TETA is 2:1 and stabilized by O–H⋯O and N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The single crystal X-ray diffraction characterized that the two cocrystals were all made up by 2PHT-TETA motif in different ways. AIM analysis and Hirshfeld surfaces indicated the adjacent 2PHT-TETA units assemble through C–H⋯O, C–H⋯F and C–H⋯N hydrogen bonds, producing a 2D plane structure in cocrystal I. Meanwhile, the C–H⋯F, N–H⋯N and C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds between 2PHT-TETA units were the stabilizing factors in cocrystal II. Topological parameters such as ∇ 2 ρ and H revealed the strength of hydrogen bonds were moderate in nature except O31⋯H32–O34 (1.704Å, −60.336 kJ mol−1) in compound I. The hydrogen bonding interactions, cocrystal stability and electron donor-acceptor interactions were investigated using natural bonding orbital analysis. It showed that electron transfer of n(O) σ*(O–H) and n(O) σ*(N–H) between PHT and TETA influence the packing characteristics significantly. Structural changes accompanying cocrystal process have been rationalized through the IR spectrum along with the quantum chemical calculations. The frequency downshifts of C O, N–H and O–H stretching after cocrystallization have been attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions. Image 1 • Cocrystals of 1(2H)-Phthalazinone and Tetrafluoroterephthalic acid have been found. • 2PHT-TET motif contains N–H⋯O, O–H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds. • Two cocrystals are made up by 2PHT-TET motif in different ways. • DFT calculations are performed to analysis the characteristics hydrogen bonds. • Downshifts of C O, N–H and O–H are attributed to the hydrogen bonding interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reasons, prevention, and control of loess disaster are of great concern in practice. In recent years, Xi'an city, China, has taken the leadership in large-scale construction of subway lines in the loess strata. To study the structural response of the tunnel in loess region under local hydrodynamic environment, an experimental testing in 1g as well as a numerical simulation were performed, in which the achieved results were verified and were found to be in good agreement. Furthermore, the results showed that when the water outlet point is above the lining, the overall stress of the lining is "peanut shell," as the water pressure of the outlet point decreases, the tensile stress of the top and bottom of the lining increases, while the compressive stress on both sides decreases; the channel form of the flow to the lining changes with the variation of the position of the water outlet point. It is worth mentioning that in the process of water gushing, the closer to the water source, the greater surface subsidence is, and there is a positive correlation between water pressure and surface subsidence. This study is of significant benchmark for the construction, maintenance, and prevention of tunnel in loess strata under the influence of water environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Based on tunnel fire analysis, the combustion of different pavements is compared and analyzed. • The flame-retardant mechanism and evaluation method of tunnel asphalt pavement are summarized. • The flame-retardant method of tunnel asphalt pavement is summarized. • The development direction of shotcrete in tunnels in cold regions is forecasted. Abstract Though asphalt pavement is widely used in highway tunnels, the flammability of the asphalt pavement is still one significant topic for an in-depth study due to the serious consequences of the tunnel fire. This paper presents a review of the flame retardancy on highway tunnel asphalt pavement. Firstly, the combustion of asphalt pavement and cement pavement is compared on the basis of highway tunnel fire, the commonly used asphalt flame-retardant evaluation standards are analyzed. Secondly, flame-retardant technologies including flame retardant, component flame-retardant method and porous structure flame-retardant method are summarized. Furthermore, the application of nanotechnology in flame-retardant asphalt is reviewed. Finally, concluding remarks and important future investigation directions are presented, which will be advantageous to future study the flame retardancy on highway tunnel asphalt pavement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) play critical roles in arsenic (As) biotransformation in groundwater, but its compositional characteristics and interactions with indigenous microbial communities remain unclear. In this study, DOM signatures coupled with taxonomy and functions of microbial community were characterized in As-enriched groundwater by excitation-emission matrix, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and metagenomic sequencing. Results showed that As concentrations were significantly positively correlated with DOM humification (r = 0.707, p < 0.01) and the most dominant humic acid-like DOM components (r = 0.789, p < 0.01). Molecular characterization further demonstrated high DOM oxidation degree, with the prevalence of unsaturated oxygen-low aromatics, nitrogen (N 1 /N 2)-containing compounds and unique CHO molecules in high As groundwater. These DOM properties were consistent with microbial composition and functional potentials. Both taxonomy and binning analyses demonstrated the dominance of Pseudomonas stutzeri , Microbacterium and Sphingobium xenophagum in As-enriched groundwater which possessed abundant As-reducing gene, with organic carbon degrading genes capable of labile to recalcitrant compounds degradation and high potentials of organic nitrogen mineralization to generate ammonium. Besides, most assembled bins in high As groundwater presented strong fermentation potentials which could facilitate carbon utilization by heterotrophic microbes. This study provides better insight into the potential role of DOM mineralization for As release in groundwater system. [Display omitted] • As concentrations were positively correlated with humic acid-like DOM components. • Unsaturated aromatics, unique CHO, N-containing DOM dominated in high As groundwater. • Dominant microbes possessed strong C degradation and N mineralization potentials. • Characterized DOM play key roles in microbially mediated As release in groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To accelerate face-gear engineering application, a precision grinding method for complex surface of aero face-gear is provided in this paper. Based on the principle of face-gear drive, the principle of face-gear grinding by disc wheel is analyzed, and the tooth surface equation of the face-gear is calculated with coordinate transformations. Taking the grinding needs into account, a special machine tool is developed, and movements control method of face-gear grinding by the disc wheel on the machine tool is proposed. To ensure the correct tooth profile of the disc wheel, the method of wheel dressing is provided and the optimum design methods of CNC cutter sites and step sizes selection are provided. To verify the feasibility of the grinding method for face-gear, the simulation of face-gear grinding by disc wheel is performed based on VERICUT software according to the grinding method. The experiments of face-gear grinding and the wheel dressing are carried out finally, and the results show that it is feasible for face-gear grinding using the involute disc wheel and the special machine tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a traditional Chinese formula, Liujunzi Decoction (LJZD) originated from the Yi Xue Zheng Zhuan , and has a promising effect in treating chemotherapy-induced anorexia (CIA). The present study aims to investigate whether LJZD acts on interleukin-6 (IL-6)/leptin mediated janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway that regulates hypothalamus anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides to ameliorate CIA, and also elucidates the potential mechanism by metabolomic analysis. Network pharmacology analyses were conducted to screen out potential targets and pathways. The CIA rat model was established via an intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin. The histological changes of gastric antrum, liver and ileum were observed by HE staining. The serum levels of leptin, ghrelin, IL-6 and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) were measured by ELISA. The JAK1/2 and STAT levels in gastric antrum and hypothalamus were detected by Western blot. The transcriptions of gastric antrum and hypothalamus IL-6R mRNA, and hypothalamus cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), upregulated orexigenic peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related protein (AGRP) mRNA were assessed by RT-qPCR. The blood samples of control, model and high dose LJZD groups were analyzed by metabolomic. Network pharmacology highlighted the IL-6/leptin mediated JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which regulated downstream anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides in hypothalamus. LJZD ameliorated CIA via stimulating food intake and water consumption in rats. Cisplatin-induced gastric antrum, liver, ileum injuries were ameliorated, serum leptin level reduction was elevated, and ghrelin, IL-6, GDF15 level increases were decreased after LJZD treatments. In gastric antrum and hypothalamus, LJZD inhibited cisplatin-induced activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway, downregulated the transcriptions of downstream anorexigenic peptides CART, POMC, TRH, and upregulated orexigenic peptides NPY, AGRP in hypothalamus. Importantly, the effect of LJZD in treating CIA might partly relate to the improvements of 23 abnormal metabolites. This study implies that inhibiting JAK-STAT signaling pathway, regulating the expressions of anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides, and mediating various metabolic pathways might be potential mechanisms of LJZD's effect against CIA. [Display omitted] • LJZD possess the potential of ameliorating CIA in cisplatin-induced anorexic rats. • LJZD adjusts IL-6 mediated JAK-STAT pathway to regulate food intake. • LJZD improves cisplatin-induced metabolic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inherited colorectal cancer syndromes increase the risk of contracting colorectal and other cancers. International guidelines recommend the identification of individuals with hereditary colorectal cancer and the supervision of asymptomatic individuals with a family history. However, detection of hereditary colorectal cancer is suboptimal. The prevalence of genetic counselling and testing for individuals with high genetic risk is low. To identify, characterize and summarize patient-targeted interventions on improving the uptake of colorectal cancer genetic evaluation for at-risk individuals and enhancing their informed decision making. Systematic review. Six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane library) were searched to identify eligible clinical trials from each database's inception to March 25, 2020. The reference lists of the included studies and reviews were checked for additional articles. Studies were screened and independently appraised by two reviewers using the standardized critical appraisal checklist for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies from the Joanna Briggs Institute. The results were tabulated and reported in descriptive format. Based on the inclusion criteria, 8 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included. The studies examined patient-targeted intervention strategies related to risk assessment, education, and decision aids. Outcomes included (1) informed decisions regarding microsatellite instability testing, (2) informed decisions concerning genetic testing, (3) genetic counselling and testing. Most of the included studies revealed that interventions had positive effects on the uptake of colorectal cancer genetic evaluation for at-risk individuals and their informed decision making. There were few studies included in this review, and the results were inconsistent. Based on this review, the conclusion cannot be made that interventions for risk assessment, education, and decision aids have positive effects on the uptake of colorectal cancer genetic evaluation for at-risk individuals and their informed decision making. However, to our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to summarize the effectiveness of patient-targeted interventions to inform decision making and improve uptake of colorectal cancer genetic evaluation for at-risk individuals. This review provides important evidence for related topics. Future studies with rigorous designs are recommended. Nurses have a crucial role in personalized health care. The involvement of nurses in collaboration with all the stakeholders in the development, implementation and evaluation of cancer genetic screening programs to improve genetic referral of individual at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors that control arsenic (As) mobilization by dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) are complicated. The association between As mobilization and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria (DIRB) remained unclear. In this study, three DIRB were isolated from high arsenic groundwater to understand the effects of EPS on As mobilization. In the laboratory settings, strain Klebsiella oxytoca IR-ZA released As into aqueous phase from As-bearing ferrihydrite, while strain Shewanella putrefaciens IAR-S1 and S. xiamenensis IR-S2 re-sequestrated As by forming secondary minerals during ferrihydrite reduction. Characterization of EPS contents with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography suggested that mannan and succinic acid were the main different EPS contents of the DIRB. The biomineralization processes were tightly regulated by EPS compositions. Mannan secreted by IAR-S1 and IR-S2 promoted while succinic acid secreted by IR-ZA suppressed the biomineralization and As immobilization. Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy mapping indicated that As in the secondary minerals was wrapped with EPS. X-ray diffraction and room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy showed these secondary minerals were vivianite and magnetite, respectively. The amount of As mobilized into aqueous phase was strongly affected by available anions (H 2 PO 4 − and HCO 3 −). Our results indicated that the EPS of DIRB significantly influenced As mobilization. Unlabelled Image • Three indigeous DIRB were found to release and re-sequestrate As, respectively. • EPS was the key factor that influenced As mobilization. • Mannan secreted by strains IAR-S1 and IR-S2 promoted the As immobilization. • Succinic acid by strain IR-ZA suppressed the As immobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Six new Zn-MOFs were prepared, and there were four Zn-MOFs showing unparalleled topologies frameworks. • The six Zn-MOFs displayed fluorescence quenching effect on Fe3+ ions and tetracycline antibiotic in aqueous solution. • Complex 1 as a bifunctional fluorescent probe material, showed highly sensitive and selective fluorescence quenching property. Either reduced or excessive metal ions level in biological systems might induce serious metabolic diseases, and the abuse of antibiotics has seriously affected the environment. Despite the significant progress in the development of fluorescence probes over the past decade, the ability to sensitively and selectively detect these metal ions and antibiotics remains a pressing problem. Herein, we demonstrated some effective fluorescence probes for sensing metal ions and antibiotics, six novel and stable Zn(II) metal-organic frameworks (Zn-MOFs), namely [Zn 3 (L) 2 (1,4-bimb) 3 ] n (1), [Zn 3 (L) 2 (4,4′-bbibp) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] n ·2(CH 3 CN) (2), [Zn(HL)(4,4′-bidpe)] n (3), [Zn(HL)(4,4′-bibp)] n (4), [Zn(HL)(3,5′-bip)] n (5) and [Zn(HL)(1,3′-bit)] n (6) (flexible H 3 L = 5-(2-carboxylphenoxy)isophthalic acid, semi-flexible 1,4-bimb = 1,4-bis(imidazol- l -ylmethyl) benzene, rigid 4,4′-bbibp = 4,4′-bis(benzoimidazo-1-ly)biphenyl, semi-flexible 4,4′-bidpe = 4,4′-bis(imidazolyl)diphenyl ether, rigid 4,4′-bibp = 4,4′-bis(imidazolyl)biphenyl, rigid 3,5′-bip = bis(1-imidazoly)pyridine and rigid 1,3-bit = 1,3-bis(l-imidazoly)toluene) have been successfully synthesized via solvothermal conditions and further characterized by IR spectra, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. These Zn MOFs have exhibited diversely architectural frameworks via the assistant N-donor ligands: 1 , 2 , 5 and 6 show unprecedented topological networks, 1 affords a 3-nodal (3, 4, 4)-connect 2-fold interpenetrating topology structure with the Point Schläfli symbol of (5·6·7·92·10) 2 (5·6·7) 2 (5·73·82), 2 shows a 3-nodal (3, 4, 6)-c topology with (4·82) 2 (42·811·10·12)(86), 5 and 6 display 3-nodal (2, 2, 4)-c topology with (2·44·6)(2)(4). 3 and 4 show 4-connected sql topology with (44·62). As expected, Zn MOFs 1 - 6 not only revealed a highly sensitive and selective fluorescence quenching effect on Fe3+ ions in aqueous solution, but also toughed the interference of a myriad of other metal ions. It is noteworthy that they could also be used as luminescent sensors for detection of tetracycline antibiotic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capsaicin in hot peppers is an important biological active substance that is widely used in food and medicine. In this work, six capsaicin derivatives such as N‐(4‐Hydroxy‐3‐acetophenone benzyl)acrylamide (A), 2‐hydroxy‐3‐(octyloxy)phenyl‐5‐acrylamidemethylbenzene phenyl methanone (B), N‐(2,5‐dihydroxybenzene)acetamide (C), N‐(5‐acetamidemethyl benzene‐2,4‐dihydroxybenzene)acetamide (D), 4‐acetamideme thylbenzene‐2‐benzylphenol (E), and N‐(2‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methylthiobenzene)acetamide (F) were synthesized via the Friedel–Crafts (F–C) alkylation reaction and were characterized using IR, 1H NMR, and HRMS. The antioxidant activity of compounds was evaluated using the reducing power and DPPH radical (DPPH·) scavenging assays, and Vitamin C (Vc) was used as a control. The antibacterial activity was tested using minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and antibacterial rate assays, and Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used as the tested strain. The results showed that all six capsaicin derivatives had certain antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and the activities increased with increasing mass concentration. The best properties were obtained for compounds C and F; the antioxidant activity of compound C was similar to Vc and the MIC of compound F was 0.0313 mg/ml, its antibacterial rate was greater than 99% at 3 mg/ml. Practical applications: As a vegetable, peppers can be eaten fresh or processed to other forms such as pepper powder or pepper jam, and it is very popular because of its long history, unique flavor, and special functions. Our current study shows that capsaicin derivatives have good antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and therefore, the present study of capsaicin derivatives with good activity provides a good foundation for future applications in natural food additives and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]