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Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma has become one of the severe diseases threatening human health. T cell exhaustion is deemed as a reason for immunotherapy resistance. However, little is known about the roles of CD8 Tex-related lncRNAs in HCC. Materials and Methods: We processed single-cell RNA sequencing to identify CD8 Tex-related genes. CD8 Tex-related lncRNAs were identified based on their correlations with mRNAs. Unsupervised clustering approach was used to identify molecular clusters of CD8 Tex-related lncRNAs. Differences in prognosis and immune infiltration between the clusters were explored. Machine learning algorithms were used to construct a prognostic signature. Samples were classified as low- and high-risk groups based on their risk scores. We identified prognosis-related lncRNAs and constructed a ceRNA network. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of CD8 Tex-related lncRNAs on proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells. Results: We clarified cell types within two HCC single-cell datasets. We identified specific markers of CD8 Tex cells and analyzed their potential functions. Twenty-eight lncRNAs were identified as CD8 Tex-related. Based on CD8 Tex-related lncRNAs, samples were categorized into two distinct clusters, which exhibited significant differences in survival rates and immune infiltration. Ninety-six algorithm combinations were employed to establish a prognostic signature. RSF emerged as the one with the highest C-index. Patients in high- and low-risk groups exhibited marked differences in prognosis, enriched pathways, mutations and drug sensitivities. MCM3AP-AS1, MAPKAPK5-AS1 and PART1 were regarded as prognosis-related lncRNAs. A ceRNA network was constructed based on CD8 Tex-related lncRNAs and mRNAs. Experiments on cell lines and organoids indicated that downregulation of MCM3AP-AS1, MAPKAPK5-AS1 and PART1 suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Conclusion: CD8 Tex-related lncRNAs played crucial roles in HCC progression. Our findings provided new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of CD8 Tex-related lncRNAs in HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the awareness and influencing factors of topical corticosteroid (TCS) therapy among caregivers caring for children with eczema, in order to facilitate targeted medication education and improve medication compliance of children and treatment efficacy. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among caregivers of children with eczema who were admitted to the dermatology department of the Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from December 2020 to March 2021. The questionnaire included caregivers' awareness of TCS and its side effects, children in compliance with TCS treatment, and methods to access related knowledge. The influencing factors of caregivers' awareness of TCS treatment for eczema were analyzed. Results Only 22. 22% (38/171) of caregivers were aware of TCS well, while 16. 37% (28/171) of caregivers were not aware of TCS at all. Moreover, 9. 36% (16/ 171) of caregivers were fully aware of the side effects of TCS. Caregivers acquired knowledge about TCS treatment mainly from " network" (46.20% ), patients or people around them (38. 60% ) and doctors (22. 81% ) . About 62% ( 106/171 ) of the caregivers who took care of the children completely followed doctors' orders, while 35. 08% (60/171) partially followed doctors' orders. Small proportion of caregivers (5/171, 2. 92% ) did not use TCS at all. Awareness of TCS and TCS side effects among caregivers differed with caregivers' age, education level and occupational status (all P < 0. 05 ). Likewise, the methods of caregivers to obtain information about TCS treatment and in compliance of doctor's instructions varied with caregivers' age and education level (both P <0. 05), but not with their occupational status (both P >0. 05). Conclusions Caregivers of children with eczema have liitle awareness of TCS for the treatment of eczema, and caregivers' awareness of TCS and medication compliance are influenced by age and education level. Clinicians should pay attention to the diiferences in obtaining information about disease and medication among diiferent population, strengthen publicity and popular science, promote rational drug use, and improve skin health management of children with eczema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current knowledge about potential risk factors for atopic dermatitis (AD) is primarily based on the structure and function of the stratum corneum, which is characterized by osmotic defects and abnormal antibacterial function. There are no studies on the difference between facial lipids in infants with AD and healthy infants. Aims: We sought to explore significantly different lipid markers for infants with AD presenting with lesions and healthy infants aged 0‐2 years to guide treatment strategies. Methods: Twenty‐eight patient infants with AD and 32 healthy infants were recruited. Each infant received its surface skin lipids (SSL) on the right cheek. The components of skin lipids were measured by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupoletime‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) to explore significantly different lipid markers by analyzing the detection results using orthogonal partial least squares analysis(OPLS‐DA). Results: There were clear distinctions in the components of SSL between the two groups. Twenty‐nine significantly different lipid markers (P ≤.05) were found. Conclusion: This study confirmed that there were significant differences in the components of the SSL between AD infants with lesions and healthy infants, but also found lipid types, lipid contents, and lipid structures as AD‐related risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent skin condition with recently increased incidence in younger children. AD development has been correlated with the skin microbiome, and Staphylococcus aureus enrichment causes significant increases in skin lesions.Objective: Our objectives were to compare the microbial diversity of the cheek skin of children with or without AD aged 0-1 years in China, and to determine whether 4 types of skin-isolated bacteria could inhibit S. aureus in vitro.Methods: The skin microbial samples of cheek skin of children were sequenced by 16S rRNA V1-V2 region. Four skin isolated bacterial fermentation supernatants were tested for effects on S. aureus growth, membrane formation, and induction of cytokine secretion from HaCaT cells.Results: Bacterial diversity decreased significantly in skin with severe AD compared to healthy skin (p < 0.01). Seven phyla had content >1%, 4 of which differed in AD (p < 0.05). 38 genera had content >1%, 15 differed (p < 0.05). Differences in 8 species were observed (p < 0.05). In vitro antibacterial and cellular experiments showed that S. aureus growth, biofilm formation, and induction of interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-6 secretion from HaCaT cells were significantly inhibited by Klebsiella oxytoca, Kocuria rhizophila, and Staphylococcus epidermidis culture supernatants (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Skin microbiome changes in children varied with age and with AD. There were complex interactions between skin isolated bacteria and S. aureus which could inhibit S. aureus growth and biofilm formation in vitro, suggesting that these microorganisms could be used in AD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BCL11 B is a Kruppel-like C2 H2-type zinc finger transcription factor, which has been associated with several human malignancies. Recent evidence showed that overexpressed BCL11 B conferred chemoresistance to malignant T cells and that inhibiting BCL11 B led to increased apoptosis, suggesting its potential pathogenic relevance in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas ( CTCL), which were characterized by the resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. To investigate the expression pattern of BCL11 B in different stages of mycosis fungoides ( MF), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were performed to compare the m RNA and protein expression among different stages of MF and benign inflammatory dermatoses ( BID), respectively. BCL11 B demonstrated significant upregulation in all stages of MF, compared with BID, in both m RNA expression level and protein level. In addition, BCL11 B expression increased with advancing lesion tumor stage and overall disease stage. Further, to evaluate the dynamic expression of BCL11B under CTCL-directed treatment, BCL11B expression and cell apoptosis were evaluated after interferon (IFN)-α-2b and methotrexate treatment on CTCL cell line Hut78 cells. IFN-α-2b, but not methotrexate, induced BCL11B inhibition and cell apoptosis, suggesting that BCL11B may play important roles in the anti- CTCL effect of IFN-α-2b. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the overexpression of BCL11B in MF lesions and its potential relevance to disease progression. In addition, we provided evidence for BCL11 B inhibitory approaches as a potential treatment to target chemoresistant tumor cells in advanced MF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]