Search

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) serves as a robust alternative to antibiotics, effectively facilitating the healing of infected wounds and circumventing the risk of resistance. However, the clinical application of aPDT is constrained by the local overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) post-treatment and the deficiencies associated with traditional photosensitizers. Utilizing the self-assembly property of Pluronic F-127 (F127), we successfully achieved the efficient coassembly of cerium-doped carbon dots (Ce-CDs), significantly enhancing the photodynamic antimicrobial efficiency of carbon dots through a straightforward and effective method. Simultaneously, the introduction of cerium imparts outstanding antioxidant efficiency to F127-Ce-CDs (F-Ce-CDs), efficiently clearing overexpressed ROS at the site of infected wounds and protecting cells against oxidative stress. Moreover, F-Ce-CDs exhibit favorable biocompatibility and can significantly accelerate the migration of epithelial cells. In a murine model of infected wounds, F-Ce-CDs effectively inhibit bacterial activity and reduce inflammation, promoting collagen deposition and epithelial tissue regeneration, thereby accelerating the wound-healing process. With effective antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, coupled with excellent biocompatibility, F-Ce-CDs demonstrate substantial promise as a remarkably efficient application for safe and effective dressings in the healing of infected wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) hold great promise in tumor therapy due to their maximized atomic utilization and well‐defined electronic structures. However, they still face challenges of activity, specificity, and targeting that impede therapeutic efficacy. Herein, a practical strategy is reported to construct asymmetric N, S‐coordinated Fe SAzymes (Fe‐S/N‐C). Benefiting from the regulatory influence of S atoms on the disruption of local charge symmetry of center Fe atoms, the Fe‐S/N‐C SAzymes exhibit significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD)‐ and glutathione oxidase (GSHOx)‐like activities, with catalytic efficiencies being 6.33 and 47.88 times higher than their symmetric Fe‐N4 counterparts, respectively. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the asymmetric atomic interface configuration increases electron localization around center Fe sites, thus facilitating the adsorption and activation of H2O2 and O2. By camouflaging with macrophage membranes, the tumor‐targeting nanocatalytic agents (M@Fe‐S/N‐C) trigger enhanced self‐cascade catalysis in the tumor microenvironment for ferroptosis‐based tumor‐specific therapy. These results open up a promising avenue for addressing the limitations associated with current SAzymes‐based tumor therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various magmatic–hydrothermal activities have resulted in different styles of polymetallic mineralization in South China. Shuikoushan is a large Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag orefield situated in fold-and-thrust belts within the South China Block. Two types of granodiorite have been identified in recent drilling work. The early-stage, coarse-grained granodiorite has developed magnetite-bearing skarns in the deep level. The late-stage, fine-grained granodiorite is associated with garnet-hematite–magnetite–pyrite–sphalerite–chalcopyrite-bearing skarns in its contact zone. Away from the garnet-bearing skarn are calcite–quartz–pyrite–sphalerite–galena veinlets in faulted breccia. Fieldwork has identified iron mineralization in both skarns, whereas copper mineralization was only discovered in the garnet-bearing skarns. Lead, zinc, gold, and silver mineralization were observed in the garnet-bearing skarns and faulted breccia. Zircon U–Pb analyses suggested the emplacement of two granodiorite at 167.8 ± 0.8 Ma (MSWD = 1.1, N = 31) and 163.6 ± 0.7 Ma (MSWD = 1.3, N = 32). Apatite and garnet U–Pb dating further indicated the magnetite-bearing skarns of 166.2 ± 1.9 Ma (MSWD = 4.5, N = 27), the hematite–magnetite–sulfide-bearing skarns of 158.6 ± 2.8 Ma (MSWD = 1.3, N = 34), and the calcite–quartz–sulfide veinlets of 159.5 ± 5.2 Ma (MSWD = 1.7, N = 24). The time–space relationship between the two intrusions and hydrothermal activities suggests that the fine-grained granodiorite is responsible for polymetallic mineralization. Whole-rock geochemistry analyses demonstrated the enrichment of LILEs and the depletion of Nb and Ta in two granodiorites, with a slight enrichment in LREEs and flat HREE patterns. These granodiorite bodies therefore belong to high-K calc-alkaline magma generated via the crust's partial melting. The fine-grained granodiorite generally has a lower HREE and higher Dy/Yb, Sr/Y ratios than coarse-grained granodiorite, corresponding to the source of magma in garnet stable lower crust. The residual garnet keeps ferric iron in melts, leaving the fine-granodiorite more oxidized for copper and gold concentration. Through these analyses and our drilling work, a continuous skarn–hydrothermal–epithermal system has been identified for Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag targeting in Shuikoushan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The balance winding of the transformer is a compact and flexible technique for the common‐mode (CM) noise reduction of isolated power converters. A proper design of the grounding and turn number of the balance winding will generate an inverse displacement current to balance the CM noise flowing through the transformer. However, a trial and error process to find the optimum design is necessary for practical applications due to the unexplored source of calculation errors. In this paper, a quantitative analysis method of CM currents flowing through all the paths between windings is proposed for error quantifications. Based on an interleaved transformer, the capacitances are extracted with the help of electric field simulations, and the contribution of each path to the CM noise is analysed. Although the paths between adjacent layers are dominant in the CM noise, it is proved that ignoring non‐adjacent inter‐layer paths will lead to calculation errors due to the high voltage difference even with low capacitances. As both the application and verification of the proposed quantitative analysis method, the accurate evaluation of noise reduction effects and determination of the optimum balance winding turns can be achieved in experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]