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Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by insidious onset, lack of early typical clinical manifestations, metastasis or advanced stage at diagnosis in most patients and poor efficacy of radical nephrectomy. In recent years, with the broadly application of targeted therapies in tumors, the postoperative recurrence and mortality rates have been greatly reduced. However, there is a lack of evidence for the efficacy and safety of clinical treatment due to the existence of certain adverse effects and complications. Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of programmed death-1 (PD-1) /programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors in the treatment of RCC. Methods CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials and other English databases were searched by computer and manually for the randomized controlled trials of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for RCC from the inception to 2022-09-30. Two researchers independently extracted and collated the data, evaluated the quality of the included literature according to Cochrane 5.3 manual criteria, and performed meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of 11 papers were finally included, involving 7 895 study subjects with 3 936 cases in the trial group and 3 959 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis results showed that the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were better in the trial group than in the control group〔HR=0.87, 95%CI (0.84, 0.90), P0.05, indicating no significant publication bias among studies. Conclusion PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for RCC can significantly improve and enhance OS, PFS, ORR, CR, PR and DCR in patients without increasing the incidence of adverse effects in terms of safety, thus confirming the superiority of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for RCC in terms of clinical efficacy and safety.

This study explores the relationship between greenhouse gases (GHGs) and particulate emissions and quality of life. The aim is to understand how emissions affect quality of life globally—across countries, regions, and the global population. Statistical methods were used to examine the impact of various emissions' indicators on different aspects of quality of life. The study highlights the urgent need for climate change action and encourages policymakers to take strategic steps. Climate change adversely affects numerous aspects of daily life, leading to significant consequences that must be addressed through policy changes and global governance recommendations. Key findings include that higher CO2 and methane emissions and air pollution negatively impact quality of life. CO2 emissions are positively associated with electricity while air pollution is positively associated with GDP and negatively with unemployment. Air pollution has an adverse effect on all three aspects of the children's welfare dimension of quality of life. These results provide timely and convincing insights for policy- and decision-making aimed at mitigating the impact of emissions on quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the complexity of modern library management tasks increases, it is difficult for traditional mobile robots to meet the task of moving and classifying books. In order to design a mobile robot that can autonomously classify and transport books, the study realizes the tasks of book classification and transportation in libraries by fusing the differential speed algorithm and the robot motion model algorithm. First, the robot operating system is utilized to scan the books, classify the books, and obtain the category information of the books. Then, the differential speed algorithm is used to control the motion of the robot to ensure that the robot can accurately transport the books to the designated location. At the same time, combined with the robot motion model algorithm, the motion trajectory of the robot is planned to ensure that the robot can avoid obstacles and stably complete the book transportation task. Finally, the deep reinforcement learning algorithm is used to train the decision-making model of the robot to improve the intelligence level of the robot. The results of simulation experiments show that the research method has the highest accuracy, with an average accuracy of 99.98%, and the robot is able to accurately categorize the books and quickly avoid obstacles with strong stability. The results of the application experiments show that the research method has the shortest moving distance, with an average moving distance of 132 m and an average completion time of 34 seconds, which are lower than the remaining three types of robots. The research robot showed high accuracy in the task of returning books in four time periods within 10 days in the library, with an average accuracy of 99.58%. The experimental results validate the superiority of the research methodology and show that the robots are capable of accurately recognizing and classifying books and can autonomously perform transportation tasks in libraries. The research results help to improve the automation level and management efficiency of libraries and have important application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]