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C21H25NO5, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14) a = 10.4501(19) Å, b = 15.750(3) Å, c = 12.043(2) Å, β = 102.625(3)°, V = 1934.3(6) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0406, wRref(F2) = 0.1177, T = 296(2) K.

Aims: The relationship between the p38MAPK signaling pathway and osterix in osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs subjected to intermittent stretching was investigated. Methods: BMMSCs derived from C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following groups: 1) control, 2) stretch, and 3) SB203580+stretch (SB203580 is a p38MAPK signal pathway inhibitor). BMMSCs were exposed to an intermittent mechanical strain of 0.8% (8000 strain) at 0.5 Hz, twice a day for 30 min each application. BMMSCs were harvested on days 1, 3, and 5 post-treatment. The expression of ALP, COL I, OCN, and osterix mRNA was assessed utilizing RT-PCR while the expression of P-p38MAPK and osterix protein was assessed by Western blot analysis. The osterix gene in mouse BMMSCs was knocked down using RNAi technology and its protein expression was also assessed by Western blot. RT-PCR was used to detect ALP, COL I, and OCN mRNA expression. Results: Intermittent stretching was found to promote expression of ALP, COL I, OCN, and osterix mRNA. Silencing the osterix gene was found to reduce levels of ALP, COL I, and OCN mRNA. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the levels of osterix and P-p38MAPK proteins in the stretch group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). There was less expression of ALP, COL I, OCN, and osterix mRNA in the SB203580+stretch group than in the control and stretch groups. Conclusions: Data demonstrate that intermittent stretching promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs, and the p38MAPK-osterix pathway has an important role in the control of osteogenesisrelated gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To establish palatal organ culture model of C57BL/6J mouse embryos in vitro and provide platform for study of embryo palatal development. METHODS: The mouse palatal shelves were harvested under sterilization from a female mouse of gestation day (GD) 13.5 by stereoscopic microscope and cultured in vitro. Totally 36 pairs of palatal shelves were divided into three groups equally and cultured 6 h, 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Finally, all palatal shelves were embedded and stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. RESULTS: The results of HE dyeing showed that the palatal shelves did not fuse on 6 h group, and began to fuse on 24 h group, but still had some medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells remained. The palatal shelves completely fused and all the MEE cells disappeared on 48 h group. The results of SEM showed that there was a gap between palatal shelves on 6 h group. The palatal shelves began to contact and form the medial epithelial seam (MES) on 12 h group. Finally, palatal shelves completely fused and MES disappeared on 48 h group. CONCLUSION: This method provides an effective way for investigating the etiology of cleft palate in vitro. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81070817), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2010HM054) and Science and Technology Planning Project of Qingdao City(08-2-1-5-nsh). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little information is available concerning the prevalence of caries among patients with oral clefts in Eastern China. Consecutive patients aged 6-18 with oral clefts were recruited. Patients were stratified into 2 groups according to their ages, namely Group I with aged 6-12 and Group II with aged 13-18. For each age group, the children were further divided into three subgroups according to the types of oral clefts they had: cleft lip/cleft lip and alveolus (CL), cleft palate only (CP), and cleft lip and palate (CLP). Dental caries were examined by using the decayed, missing, and filled index for primary teeth (dmft) and Decay, Missing and Filled index for Permanent teeth (DMFT) according to criteria of the World Health Organization. 268 eligible patients with oral clefts were included in the study. The mean DMFT for Group I was 1.77 (SD2.58) while that for Group II was 6.96 (SD4.35). The mean DMFT was statistically significant different between the age group I and age group II (t=12.21, P<0.05). In Group I, the dmft scores was 4.68 (SD3.67) for CL group, while that for the CP group was 7.36 (SD3.93), and that for the CLP group was 5.72 (SD 3.87). The mean dmft was no statistically significant different among cleft types (F=3.13, P>0.05). Also in Group I, the mean DMFT was 1.56 (SD2.18) for CL group, while that for the CP group was 1.24 (SD 1.81) and that for the CLP group was 2.08 (SD2.96). There were no statistically significant different in mean DMFT among different cleft types (F=1.09, P>0.05). In Group II, the mean DMFT was 6.06 (SD3.97) for CL group while that for the CP group was 7.71 (SD 4.94) and that for the CLP group was 7.05 (SD4.32). No significant difference was shown in the mean DMFT among different cleft groups (CL, CP, and CLP) (F=0.55, P>0.05). During assess the prevalence of dental caries among Eastern Chinese with oral clefts; the study confirmed that the prevalence of caries was increased with increasing age for oral clefts patients. It was also demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the mean dmft/DMFT scores among different cleft types.

Purpose: To establish palatal organ culture model of C57BL/6J mouse embryos in vitro and provide platform for study of embryo palatal development., Methods: The mouse palatal shelves were harvested under sterilization from a female mouse of gestation day(GD) 13.5 by stereoscopic microscope and cultured in vitro. Totally 36 pairs of palatal shelves were divided into three groups equally and cultured 6 h, 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Finally, all palatal shelves were embedded and stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis., Results: The results of HE dyeing showed that the palatal shelves did not fuse on 6 h group, and began to fuse on 24 h group, but still had some medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells remained. The palatal shelves completely fused and all the MEE cells disappeared on 48 h group. The results of SEM showed that there was a gap between palatal shelves on 6 h group. The palatal shelves began to contact and form the medial epithelial seam (MES) on 12 h group. Finally, palatal shelves completely fused and MES disappeared on 48 h group., Conclusion: This method provides an effective way for investigating the etiology of cleft palate in vitro.

Purpose: To study the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge on several oral pathogenic microbes., Methods: Antimicrobial activities of ethanol extract of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge for porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, A. actinomycetes comitans ATCC 24523, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus were determined using the cup-plate method. The minimum antibacterial concentrations of ethanol extract of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge were measured. SPSS10.0 software package was used for Student's t test., Results: Ethanol extract of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge had antimicrobial activities on Porphyromonas gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations were 15.62 mg/ml, 15.62 mg/ml, 62.50mg/ml and 15.62 mg/ml; The pH of the solution was influential to its antimicrobial activity., Conclusion: Ethanol extract of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge has an antimicrobial activity on oral pathogenic microbes.

Objective: To study a population of rheumatoid arthritis patients and determine the extent of periodontal disease in these patients, in order to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis., Methods: The experimental group was composed of 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the control group consisted of 70 age- and gender-matched individuals without rheumatoid arthritis. The relationship between periodontal status in rheumatoid arthritis and control groups as well as the relationship between periodontal status and rheumatological findings in patients were analyzed., Results: The percentage of periodontal disease was statistically significant between experimental and control group (P < 0.01). The difference of average number of missing teeth and bleeding on probing in the experimental group and control group were not statistically significant (P >0.05). There were more number of periodontal disease index 5 or 6 in experimental group than in control group ( P < 0.05). Rheumatoid arthritis patients with moderate to severe bone loss had deeper degree of morning stiffness, erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels and serum C-reactive protein levels than patients with no or mild bone loss., Conclusion: Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis are more likely to experience periodontal disease compares to healthy subjects. They are also very likely to suffer from moderate to severe periodontitis.