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3. Intercultural Interpretation of English Literature in the Context of Globalisation

Author

Ma Qianying and Zhang Chidong

Subjects
word2vec, tf-idf, linguistic feature analysis, digital humanities, english literature., 97p10, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

English literature occupies an important position in the world literary world and shows a high literary research value. The study explores English literature from a cross-cultural perspective and systematically analyses the linguistic features of English literature. Then, it introduces the digital humanities method, combines the Word2vec algorithm and TF-IDF algorithm for text representation and feature extraction, and constructs a model for analyzing linguistic features. Taking the English literary works of two certain writers as an example, text features and text emotions are interpreted to uncover the linguistic expression features of English literature. English literature as a whole reflects the features of quoting classics, reality-based, cultural differences, dramatic monologues, and European cultural characteristics. The readability of the sample English literature was at the slightly difficult and difficult levels, with scores of 45.53 and 52.85, respectively, and Author A’s English literature was of higher complexity and had a higher degree of textual subordination (1.35). The selected English literature samples had mainly neutral (47.87%) and positive (40.61%) affective tendencies. With the ever-accelerating cultural globalization and exchange, there is a proliferation of new and old outstanding works from all ethnic regions of the world, which can only be better interpreted by fully respecting cultural differences and improving literary literacy.

Published
2024
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4. Uncrewed Ocean Gliders and Saildrones Support Hurricane Forecasting and Research

Author

Miles, Travis N., Zhang, Dongxiao, Foltz, Gregory R., Zhang, Jun A., Meinig, Christian, Bringas, Francis, Triñanes, Joaquin, Le Hénaff, Matthieu, Vargas, Maria F. Aristizabal, Coakley, Sam, Edwards, Catherine R., Gong, Donglai, Todd, Robert E., Oliver, Matthew J., Wilson, W. Douglas, Whilden, Kerri, Kirkpatrick, Barbara, Chardon-Maldonado, Patricia, Morell, Julio M., Hernandez, Debra, Kuska, Gerhard, Stienbarger, Cheyenne D., Bailey, Kathleen, Zhang, Chidong, Glenn, Scott M., and Goni, Gustavo J.

Published
2021

5. Ocean Observations to Improve Our Understanding, Modeling, and Forecasting of Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Variability

Author

Subramanian, Aneesh C, Balmaseda, Magdalena A, Centurioni, Luca, Chattopadhyay, Rajib, Cornuelle, Bruce D, DeMott, Charlotte, Flatau, Maria, Fujii, Yosuke, Giglio, Donata, Gille, Sarah T, Hamill, Thomas M, Hendon, Harry, Hoteit, Ibrahim, Kumar, Arun, Lee, Jae-Hak, Lucas, Andrew J, Mahadevan, Amala, Matsueda, Mio, Nam, SungHyun, Paturi, Shastri, Penny, Stephen G, Rydbeck, Adam, Sun, Rui, Takaya, Yuhei, Tandon, Amit, Todd, Robert E, Vitart, Frederic, Yuan, Dongliang, and Zhang, Chidong

Subjects
subseasonal, seasonal, predictions, air-sea interaction, satellite, Argo, gliders, drifters, Oceanography, Ecology
Published
2019

8. Influence of SST‐Precipitation Relationship Over the Equatorial Western Pacific on Simulation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation.

Author

Chen, Guiwan, Ling, Jian, Xiao, Ziniu, Li, Chongyin, and Zhang, Chidong

Subjects
CLIMATE change models, OSCILLATIONS, SIMULATION methods & models, WEATHER
Abstract

Capabilities of 43 models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to simulate the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) were compared in this study. Models with higher MJO simulation skills reproduce organized large‐scale convection more frequently over the equatorial western Pacific (EWP), suggesting that MJO simulations are tightly connected to organization of large‐scale precipitation over the EWP. MJO simulation skills are not significantly correlated with the mean sea surface temperature (SST) over the EWP, but tightly connected to SST threshold for convection there. The top simulations exhibit lower SST threshold and more realistic SST‐precipitation relationship over the EWP, suggesting that convection can be organized more efficiently and intensified more rapidly with the increasing SST in these simulations. Our results emphasize that reproducing the relationship between SST and large‐scale precipitation over the EWP is critical to MJO simulations. Plain Language Summary: The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is one of the most important tropical phenomena that modulate weather and climate systems at the intraseasonal time scales. However, accurately reproducing the MJO in global climate models remains a challenge. The eastward propagation of the MJO convection is usually not well‐reproduced in models. Comparing to observations, they tend to underestimate the occurrence frequency of individual MJO events with lower amplitude and shorter propagation range. This study explore whether the MJO simulations in models are linked to the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and large‐scale precipitation they reproduced. It was found that MJO simulation skills are greatly dependent on the organized large‐scale precipitation over the equatorial western Pacific. We further revealed that realistically reproducing the SST‐precipitation relationship over this region is critical for simulating the MJO in models. Key Points: Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) simulation skills depend on organized large‐scale precipitation over the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) reproduced in modelsModels with higher MJO simulation skills exhibit lower sea surface temperature (SST) threshold for convection over the EWPRealistically reproducing the relationship between the SST and organized large‐scale precipitation is critical to MJO simulations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Madden Julian Oscillation Moves Faster as the Meridional Moisture Gradient Intensifies in a Warming World.

Author

Dasgupta, Panini, Roxy, M. K., Nam, SungHyun, Prajeesh, A. G., Saranya, J. S., Zhang, Chidong, Ling, Jian, and Kim, Daehyun

Subjects
ACCELERATION (Mechanics), PHASE oscillations, GLOBAL warming, ATMOSPHERIC models, TWENTIETH century
Abstract

The eastward‐moving large‐scale convective system associated with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) significantly impact global weather and climate. Recent decades have seen notable changes in the MJO's lifecycle due to non‐uniform tropical ocean warming, with the roles of natural climate variability and anthropogenic influence still requiring quantification. This study examines observed and projected long‐term changes in the MJO phase speed using four twentieth‐century reanalyses and CMIP6 simulations. We find a substantial increase in MJO phase speed in three reanalyses during the twentieth century (0.6–1.2 m s⁻1 century⁻1) and further increase in MJO phase speed during the twenty‐first century (0.3–1.5 m s⁻1 century⁻1), with notable multidecadal fluctuations. We attribute the overall acceleration of the MJO to the global warming‐driven increase in the meridional moisture gradient around the warm pool while attributing the multidecadal variability in the MJO phase speed to changes in the zonal moisture gradient associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Plain Language Summary: The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a crucial phenomenon in the tropics that impacts weather and climate globally. Although earlier research has discussed the observed changes in the MJO lifecycle due to tropical ocean warming, we still need to understand the role of natural climate variability associated with the MJO lifecycle. This study uses twentieth century reanalyses and future climate model projections to investigate how the speed of the MJO propagation has changed over time. We find that the speed of the MJO's eastward propagation has increased significantly in three of the reanalyses during the twentieth century and continues rising in the twenty‐first century. We believe that the overall increase in MJO speed is due to global warming, which enhances the meridional moisture difference around the warm pool area. We also noted significant multidecadal variation in the MJO propagation speed. The multidecadal changes in MJO speed are linked to variations in the zonal moisture difference influenced by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Key Points: Increasing MJO phase speed is identified in three twentieth‐century reanalysesWe attribute the MJO's eastward acceleration to the long‐term changes in the meridional moisture gradientPacific Decadal Oscillation influences multidecadal variation in the MJO phase speed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Eddy covariance measurements of air-sea heat and momentum fluxes under tropical cyclones and hurricanes in the northwest Tropical Atlantic

Author

Zhang, Dongxiao, primary, Foltz, Gregory, additional, Zhang, Chidong, additional, Fairall, Chris, additional, Zhang, Jun, additional, Kim, Hyun-Sook, additional, Mehra, Avichal, additional, Chiodi, Andrew, additional, Cronin, Meghan, additional, Thompson, Elizabeth, additional, Thomson, Jim, additional, Looney, Lev, additional, Chi, Nan-Hsun, additional, Schulz, Hauke, additional, Savarin, Ajda, additional, and Mazza, Edoardo, additional

Published
2024
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11. Surface ocean warming near the core of hurricane Sam and its representation in forecast models

Author

Chiodi, Andrew M., primary, Hristova, Hristina, additional, Foltz, Gregory R., additional, Zhang, Jun A., additional, Mordy, Calvin W., additional, Edwards, Catherine R., additional, Zhang, Chidong, additional, Meinig, Christian, additional, Zhang, Dongxiao, additional, Mazza, Edoardo, additional, Cokelet, Edward D., additional, Burger, Eugene F., additional, Bringas, Francis, additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Kim, Hyun-Sook, additional, Chen, Sue, additional, Triñanes, Joaquin, additional, Bailey, Kathleen, additional, O’Brien, Kevin M., additional, Morales-Caez, Maria, additional, Lawrence-Slavas, Noah, additional, Chen, Shuyi S., additional, and Chen, Xingchao, additional

Published
2024
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22. Hurricane Observations by Uncrewed Systems

Author

Zhang, Chidong, primary, Foltz, Gregory R., additional, Chiodi, Andy M., additional, Mordy, Calvin W., additional, Edwards, Catherine R., additional, Meinig, Christian, additional, Zhang, Dongxiao, additional, Mazza, Edoardo, additional, Cokelet, Edward D., additional, Burger, Eugene F., additional, Bringas, Francis, additional, Goni, Gustavo J., additional, Hristova, Hristina G., additional, Kim, Hyun-Sook, additional, Trinanes, Joaquin A., additional, Zhang, Jun A., additional, Bailey, Kathleen E., additional, O’Brien, Kevin M., additional, Morales-Caez, Maria, additional, Lawrence-Slavas, Noah, additional, Jenkins, Richard, additional, Chen, Shuyi S., additional, and Chen, Xingchao, additional

Published
2023
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25. EUREC 4 A

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan, Fairall, Christopher, Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, de Boer, Gijs, Delanoë, Julien, Denby, Leif, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kölling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Léa, Pincus, Robert, Pöhlker, Mira, Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Schulz, Hauke, Siebesma, A. Pier, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Sullivan, Peter, Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Zuidema, Paquita, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Baier, Katharina, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sébastien, Barrett, Paul A., Batier, Frédéric, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien, Blades, Edmund, Blossey, Peter, Bock, Olivier, Böing, Steven, Bosser, Pierre, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, Bower, Keith, Branellec, Pierre, Branger, Hubert, Brennek, Michal, Brewer, Alan, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, Brügmann, Björn, Buehler, Stefan A., Burke, Elmo, Burton, Ralph, Calmer, Radiance, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, Carton, Xavier, Cato Jr., Gregory, Charles, Jude Andre, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Yanxu, Chilinski, Michal T., Choularton, Thomas, Chuang, Patrick, Clarke, Shamal, Coe, Hugh, Cornet, Céline, Coutris, Pierre, Couvreux, Fleur, Crewell, Susanne, Cronin, Timothy, Cui, Zhiqiang, Cuypers, Yannis, Daley, Alton, Damerell, Gillian M., Dauhut, Thibaut, Deneke, Hartwig, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, Dörner, Steffen, Donner, Sebastian, Douet, Vincent, Drushka, Kyla, Dütsch, Marina, Ehrlich, André, Emanuel, Kerry, Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, Faure, Ghislain, Feingold, Graham, Ferrero, Luca, Fix, Andreas, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, Foltz, Gregory R., Forster, Linda, Furtuna, Iulian, Gadian, Alan, Galewsky, Joseph, Gallagher, Martin, Gallimore, Peter, Gaston, Cassandra, Gentemann, Chelle, Geyskens, Nicolas, Giez, Andreas, Gollop, John, Gouirand, Isabelle, Gourbeyre, Christophe, de Graaf, Dörte, de Groot, Geiske E., Grosz, Robert, Güttler, Johannes, Gutleben, Manuel, Hall, Kashawn, Harris, George, Helfer, Kevin C., Henze, Dean, Herbert, Calvert, Holanda, Bruna, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, Intrieri, Janet, Iyer, Suneil, Julien, Fabrice, Kalesse, Heike, Kazil, Jan, Kellman, Alexander, Kidane, Abiel T., Kirchner, Ulrike, Klingebiel, Marcus, Körner, Mareike, Kremper, Leslie Ann, Kretzschmar, Jan, Krüger, Ovid, Kumala, Wojciech, Kurz, Armin, L'Hégaret, Pierre, Labaste, Matthieu, Lachlan-Cope, Tom, Laing, Arlene, Landschützer, Peter, Lang, Theresa, Lange, Diego, Lange, Ingo, Laplace, Clément, Lavik, Gauke, Laxenaire, Rémi, Le Bihan, Caroline, Leandro, Mason, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lena, Marius, Lenschow, Donald, Li, Qiang, Lloyd, Gary, Los, Sebastian, Losi, Niccolò, Lovell, Oscar, Luneau, Christopher, Makuch, Przemyslaw, Malinowski, Szymon, Manta, Gaston, Marinou, Eleni, Marsden, Nicholas, Masson, Sebastien, Maury, Nicolas, Mayer, Bernhard, Mayers-Als, Margarette, Mazel, Christophe, McGeary, Wayne, McWilliams, James C., Mech, Mario, Mehlmann, Melina, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, Mieslinger, Theresa, Minikin, Andreas, Minnett, Peter, Möller, Gregor, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, Muller, Caroline, Musat, Ionela, Napoli, Anna, Neuberger, Almuth, Noisel, Christophe, Noone, David, Nordsiek, Freja, Nowak, Jakub L., Oswald, Lothar, Parker, Douglas J., Peck, Carolyn, Person, Renaud, Philippi, Miriam, Plueddemann, Albert, Pöhlker, Christopher, Pörtge, Veronika, Pöschl, Ulrich, Pologne, Lawrence, Posyniak, Michał, Prange, Marc, Quiñones Meléndez, Estefanía, Radtke, Jule, Ramage, Karim, Reimann, Jens, Renault, Lionel, Reus, Klaus, Reyes, Ashford, Ribbe, Joachim, Ringel, Maximilian, Ritschel, Markus, Rocha, Cesar B., Rochetin, Nicolas, Röttenbacher, Johannes, Rollo, Callum, Royer, Haley, Sadoulet, Pauline, Saffin, Leo, Sandiford, Sanola, Sandu, Irina, Schäfer, Michael, Schemann, Vera, Schirmacher, Imke, Schlenczek, Oliver, Schmidt, Jerome, Schröder, Marcel, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Sealy, Andrea, Senff, Christoph J., Serikov, Ilya, Shohan, Samkeyat, Siddle, Elizabeth, Smirnov, Alexander, Späth, Florian, Spooner, Branden, Stolla, M. Katharina, Szkółka, Wojciech, de Szoeke, Simon P., Tarot, Stéphane, Tetoni, Eleni, Thompson, Elizabeth, Thomson, Jim, Tomassini, Lorenzo, Totems, Julien, Ubele, Alma Anna, Villiger, Leonie, von Arx, Jan, Wagner, Thomas, Walther, Andi, Webber, Ben, Wendisch, Manfred, Whitehall, Shanice, Wiltshire, Anton, Wing, Allison A., Wirth, Martin, Wiskandt, Jonathan, Wolf, Kevin, Worbes, Ludwig, Wright, Ethan, Wulfmeyer, Volker, Young, Shanea, Zhang, Chidong, Zhang, Dongxiao, Ziemen, Florian, Zinner, Tobias, Zöger, Martin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan, Fairall, Christopher, Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, de Boer, Gijs, Delanoë, Julien, Denby, Leif, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kölling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Léa, Pincus, Robert, Pöhlker, Mira, Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Schulz, Hauke, Siebesma, A. Pier, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Sullivan, Peter, Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Zuidema, Paquita, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Baier, Katharina, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sébastien, Barrett, Paul A., Batier, Frédéric, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien, Blades, Edmund, Blossey, Peter, Bock, Olivier, Böing, Steven, Bosser, Pierre, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, Bower, Keith, Branellec, Pierre, Branger, Hubert, Brennek, Michal, Brewer, Alan, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, Brügmann, Björn, Buehler, Stefan A., Burke, Elmo, Burton, Ralph, Calmer, Radiance, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, Carton, Xavier, Cato Jr., Gregory, Charles, Jude Andre, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Yanxu, Chilinski, Michal T., Choularton, Thomas, Chuang, Patrick, Clarke, Shamal, Coe, Hugh, Cornet, Céline, Coutris, Pierre, Couvreux, Fleur, Crewell, Susanne, Cronin, Timothy, Cui, Zhiqiang, Cuypers, Yannis, Daley, Alton, Damerell, Gillian M., Dauhut, Thibaut, Deneke, Hartwig, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, Dörner, Steffen, Donner, Sebastian, Douet, Vincent, Drushka, Kyla, Dütsch, Marina, Ehrlich, André, Emanuel, Kerry, Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, Faure, Ghislain, Feingold, Graham, Ferrero, Luca, Fix, Andreas, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, Foltz, Gregory R., Forster, Linda, Furtuna, Iulian, Gadian, Alan, Galewsky, Joseph, Gallagher, Martin, Gallimore, Peter, Gaston, Cassandra, Gentemann, Chelle, Geyskens, Nicolas, Giez, Andreas, Gollop, John, Gouirand, Isabelle, Gourbeyre, Christophe, de Graaf, Dörte, de Groot, Geiske E., Grosz, Robert, Güttler, Johannes, Gutleben, Manuel, Hall, Kashawn, Harris, George, Helfer, Kevin C., Henze, Dean, Herbert, Calvert, Holanda, Bruna, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, Intrieri, Janet, Iyer, Suneil, Julien, Fabrice, Kalesse, Heike, Kazil, Jan, Kellman, Alexander, Kidane, Abiel T., Kirchner, Ulrike, Klingebiel, Marcus, Körner, Mareike, Kremper, Leslie Ann, Kretzschmar, Jan, Krüger, Ovid, Kumala, Wojciech, Kurz, Armin, L'Hégaret, Pierre, Labaste, Matthieu, Lachlan-Cope, Tom, Laing, Arlene, Landschützer, Peter, Lang, Theresa, Lange, Diego, Lange, Ingo, Laplace, Clément, Lavik, Gauke, Laxenaire, Rémi, Le Bihan, Caroline, Leandro, Mason, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lena, Marius, Lenschow, Donald, Li, Qiang, Lloyd, Gary, Los, Sebastian, Losi, Niccolò, Lovell, Oscar, Luneau, Christopher, Makuch, Przemyslaw, Malinowski, Szymon, Manta, Gaston, Marinou, Eleni, Marsden, Nicholas, Masson, Sebastien, Maury, Nicolas, Mayer, Bernhard, Mayers-Als, Margarette, Mazel, Christophe, McGeary, Wayne, McWilliams, James C., Mech, Mario, Mehlmann, Melina, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, Mieslinger, Theresa, Minikin, Andreas, Minnett, Peter, Möller, Gregor, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, Muller, Caroline, Musat, Ionela, Napoli, Anna, Neuberger, Almuth, Noisel, Christophe, Noone, David, Nordsiek, Freja, Nowak, Jakub L., Oswald, Lothar, Parker, Douglas J., Peck, Carolyn, Person, Renaud, Philippi, Miriam, Plueddemann, Albert, Pöhlker, Christopher, Pörtge, Veronika, Pöschl, Ulrich, Pologne, Lawrence, Posyniak, Michał, Prange, Marc, Quiñones Meléndez, Estefanía, Radtke, Jule, Ramage, Karim, Reimann, Jens, Renault, Lionel, Reus, Klaus, Reyes, Ashford, Ribbe, Joachim, Ringel, Maximilian, Ritschel, Markus, Rocha, Cesar B., Rochetin, Nicolas, Röttenbacher, Johannes, Rollo, Callum, Royer, Haley, Sadoulet, Pauline, Saffin, Leo, Sandiford, Sanola, Sandu, Irina, Schäfer, Michael, Schemann, Vera, Schirmacher, Imke, Schlenczek, Oliver, Schmidt, Jerome, Schröder, Marcel, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Sealy, Andrea, Senff, Christoph J., Serikov, Ilya, Shohan, Samkeyat, Siddle, Elizabeth, Smirnov, Alexander, Späth, Florian, Spooner, Branden, Stolla, M. Katharina, Szkółka, Wojciech, de Szoeke, Simon P., Tarot, Stéphane, Tetoni, Eleni, Thompson, Elizabeth, Thomson, Jim, Tomassini, Lorenzo, Totems, Julien, Ubele, Alma Anna, Villiger, Leonie, von Arx, Jan, Wagner, Thomas, Walther, Andi, Webber, Ben, Wendisch, Manfred, Whitehall, Shanice, Wiltshire, Anton, Wing, Allison A., Wirth, Martin, Wiskandt, Jonathan, Wolf, Kevin, Worbes, Ludwig, Wright, Ethan, Wulfmeyer, Volker, Young, Shanea, Zhang, Chidong, Zhang, Dongxiao, Ziemen, Florian, Zinner, Tobias, and Zöger, Martin

Abstract

Abstract. The science guiding the EUREC4A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC4A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC4A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC4A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement.

Published
2023

49. Appreciation of Peer Reviewers for 2021

Author

Zhang, Minghua, primary, Fu, Rong, additional, Giorgi, Filippo, additional, Leung, Ruby, additional, Liang, Xin‐Zhong, additional, Mellouki, Wahid, additional, Randel, William, additional, Riemer, Nicole, additional, Rogers, Robert, additional, Russell, Lynn, additional, Yang, Ping, additional, and Zhang, Chidong, additional

Published
2022
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50. Evaluation of Surface Conditions from Operational Forecasts Using in situ Saildrone Observations in the Pacific Arctic

Author

Zhang, Chidong, primary, Levine, Aaron F., additional, Wang, Muyin, additional, Gentemann, Chelle, additional, Mordy, Calvin W., additional, Cokelet, Edward D., additional, Browne, Philip A., additional, Yang, Qiong, additional, Lawrence-Slavas, Noah, additional, Meinig, Christian, additional, Smith, Gregory, additional, Chiodi, Andy, additional, Zhang, Dongxiao, additional, Stabeno, Phyllis, additional, Wang, Wanqiu, additional, Ren, Hongli, additional, Peterson, K. Andrew, additional, Figueroa, Silvio N., additional, Steele, Michael, additional, Barton, Neil P., additional, Huang, Andrew, additional, and Shin, Hyun-Cheol, additional

Published
2022
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