Search

AIM: To investigate the relationship between objective ocular torsion and near stereopsis in patients with primary superior oblique overaction(PSOOA).METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 59 strabismus patients with PSOOA who underwent strabismus surgery at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between January 2019 and November 2023 were collected. Based on the collected fundus photographs and the position of the fovea relative to the horizontal line through the optic disc, the eyes were categorized as incyclotorsion, excyclotorsion, or no cyclotorsion. Additionally, the fovea-disc angle(FDA)and the relationship between objective ocular torsion status, FDA, and near stereopsis function in the patients were further measured and analyzed.RESULTS: Totally 59 patients(92 eyes)showed superior oblique overaction. There were no cases of excyclotorsion, 32 cases with no cyclotorsion, and 27 cases with incyclotorsion. The total binocular FDA was significantly smaller in the no-cyclotorsion group compared with the incyclotorsion group(2.83°±2.89° vs 16.12°±5.74°, P

Background: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a comprehensive health survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in the U.S., providing valuable insights into the health status of the population. This study focuses on the NHIS child survey between 2019 and 2021, exploring developmental disabilities in U.S. children, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit disorder (ADHD/ADD), intellectual disability (ID), other developmental delay (other DD), and learning disability (LD). Objective: Leveraging NHIS data, our primary objective is to investigate the latest trends and disparities in the prevalence of developmental disabilities among various racial-ethnic groups. Methods: Employing a repeated cross-sectional design, we analyzed NHIS data from 2019 to 2021, focusing on children aged 3-17. The survey employed a meticulous stratified multi-stage sampling design. We utilized SAS version 9.4 for data analysis, calculating race-ethnicity-specific prevalence rates and employing weighted linear regression and the Rao-Scott chi-square test for trend analysis. Results: Among 19,490 children, prevalence rates varied: ASD (3.11%), ADHD/ADD (9.50%), ID (1.85%), other DD (5.66%), and LD (7.49%). Non-Hispanic black children exhibited higher rates of ID and LD, while non-Hispanic white children had the highest ADHD/ADD prevalence. Disparities persisted across sociodemographic subgroups, with variations in prevalence rates. Conclusion: Our study reveals an increase in ASD prevalence and persistent disparities among racial-ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic black children face elevated risks of ID and LD, while non-Hispanic white children exhibit higher rates of ADHD/ADD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Cannabis use is rapidly growing in the United States, but its health implications are poorly understood, particularly when compared with cigarette smoking. Previous research conducted on animal models or nonrepresentative populations with small sample sizes has yielded mixed results on the impact of marijuana use on hemoglobin concentrations, which might reflect subclinical hypoxemia and/or carbon monoxide exposure. Objectives: We evaluated the association between marijuana use and hemoglobin concentrations in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 16,038 individuals 18–59 years of age enrolled in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018. We related current and former marijuana use with measured hemoglobin concentrations, with adjustment for demographics, education, housing, and cigarette smoking status in multivariable analyses that incorporated complex survey weights. As candidate positive and negative control exposures, we used similar methods to relate cigarette smoking and benzodiazepine use, respectively, with hemoglobin concentrations. Results: Current marijuana use was associated with significantly higher hemoglobin concentrations. After multivariable adjustment, compared with never use, current marijuana use was associated with a 0.111 (95% confidence interval, 0.021 to 0.201) g/dl higher hemoglobin concentration, whereas former use was associated with a 0.047 (95% confidence interval, −0.018 to 0.113) g/dl higher concentration (linear trend P = 0.01). As hypothesized, cigarette smoking was also associated with higher hemoglobin concentrations, whereas benzodiazepine use was not. Conclusions: Among American adults, current marijuana use was associated with higher hemoglobin concentrations, as is cigarette smoking but not benzodiazepine use. These results suggest the possibility that marijuana smoking induces subclinical hypoxemia stimulating hemoglobin production. Further confirmation of this observational finding is needed in light of the increasing medical and recreational use of smoked marijuana products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]