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Selenium-rich foods serve the dual-function of providing nutrients and organic selenium. In the situation of selenium deficiency in the entire population, it is crucial to understand the sources of selenium and its circulation in the natural environment and biological systems. Current research on selenium-rich foods focuses mostly on chemical synthesis and bio-organic conversion, which is highly specialized and not suitable for horizontal comparison of different selenium-rich foods. There are few studies on the circulation of selenium and the selenium contents and health benefits of different selenium-rich foods. This article summarizes the sources, circulation and metabolism of selenium, the sources and forms of natural selenium in selenium-rich foods, and the selenium absorption and metabolism pathways in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Next, it reviews the current status of research on selenium-rich foods from various sources, and gives an outlook on the future of selenium-rich foods. This review may serve as a foundation for in-depth comparison of selenium-rich foods from various sources, and provide scientific guidance for the research and development of novel healthy selenium-rich foods.

Negative emotions have been prevalent with older adults and negatively affect their physical and mental health. On the basis of self-affirmation theory, the present study explored a set of simple and effective time-saving early intervention programs for older adults whose negative emotions are in a normal and controllable range. We designed a three-week intervention program to boost self-integrity and relieve negative emotions in older adults. The self-affirmation intervention group (n = 88) and control group (n = 85) received three different experimental manipulations, respectively. Self-integrity, depression, anxiety, and loneliness were assessed before and after the intervention. Results showed that the self-affirmation intervention highly improved self-integrity and further relieved the negative emotions of older adults in the intervention group. Further mediation analyses indicated that self-integrity mediated the effect of self-affirmation intervention on negative emotions. These findings enrich the field of research on the relationship between self-integrity and negative emotions. They also have important practical implications for interventions aimed at mitigating negative emotions among older adults., Author(s): Qingxiu Dang [sup.1] , Jiayi Wu [sup.2] , Ruibei Bai [sup.3] , Baoshan Zhang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412498.2, 0000 0004 1759 8395, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, [...]

Females are considered to be at a disadvantage in spatial perspective taking. In this study, we examined whether stereotype threat negatively affects females' spatial perspective-taking ability and executive functions. Then we explored which components of executive function play a mediating role in the effect of stereotype threat on females' spatial perspective-taking ability. We carried out two experiments. In Experiment 1, female participants in a stereotype threat condition or a control condition completed a spatial perspective-taking test. The results showed that females' spatial perspective-taking ability was reduced by stereotype threat. In Experiment 2, female participants were again assigned to a stereotype threat condition or a control condition; then they were asked to complete tasks measuring three executive functions (inhibition, shifting, and updating), following which they completed the spatial perspective-taking test. Experiment 2 found that stereotype threat decreased inhibition, updating, and spatial perspective-taking performance. The results also showed that only inhibition accounted for the effect of stereotype threat on spatial perspective taking. To sum up, the results from the current study shed new light on the relationship between stereotype threat and spatial perspective-taking ability and explained the relationship from a more detailed perspective., Author(s): Yao Lin [sup.1] , Baoshan Zhang [sup.1] , Dou Jin [sup.1] , Heyating Zhang [sup.1] , Junhua Dang [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412498.2, 0000 0004 1759 8395, School of [...]

In the current study, we examined the relationship between math-gender stereotypes, academic burnout, achievement goal orientation, and self-handicapping in Chinese adolescent students. The data came from 1170 participants (552 boys and 618 girls) from four secondary schools and was analyzed with structural equation models. The results showed that the math-gender stereotype was positively associated with academic burnout in the girls' group. Meanwhile, girls' endorsement of the math-gender stereotype was positively associated with academic burnout through the individual mediating effect of the performance-avoidance goal and that of self-handicapping. More importantly, the chain from performance-avoidance goal to self-handicapping also played a mediating role in the relationship between math-gender stereotypes and academic burnout among adolescent girls. However, in the boys' group, we did not find an obvious significant relationship between math-gender stereotypes and academic burnout. The results can contribute to the theoretical system of the motivational mechanism of academic burnout, and it may also have implications on the practice of alleviating negative effects of math-gender stereotypes on academic burnout through minimizing the tendency of performance-avoidance goals and self-handicapping.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies are proposed as therapeutic and prophylactic agents against HIV‐1, but their potency and breadth are less than optimal. This study describes the immunization of a llama with the prefusion‐stabilized HIV‐1 envelope (Env) trimer, BG505 DS‐SOSIP, and the identification and improvement of potent neutralizing nanobodies recognizing the CD4‐binding site (CD4bs) of vulnerability. Two of the vaccine‐elicited CD4bs‐targeting nanobodies, G36 and R27, when engineered into a triple tandem format with llama IgG2a‐hinge region and human IgG1‐constant region (G36×3‐IgG2a and R27×3‐IgG2a), neutralized 96% of a multiclade 208‐strain panel at geometric mean IC80s of 0.314 and 0.033 µg mL−1, respectively. Cryo‐EM structures of these nanobodies in complex with Env trimer revealed the two nanobodies to neutralize HIV‐1 by mimicking the recognition of the CD4 receptor. To enhance their neutralizing potency and breadth, nanobodies are linked to the light chain of the V2‐apex‐targeting broadly neutralizing antibody, CAP256V2LS. The resultant human‐llama bispecific antibody CAP256L‐R27×3LS exhibited ultrapotent neutralization and breadth exceeding other published HIV‐1 broadly neutralizing antibodies, with pharmacokinetics determined in FcRn‐Fc mice similar to the parent CAP256V2LS. Vaccine‐elicited llama nanobodies, when combined with V2‐apex broadly neutralizing antibodies, may therefore be able to fulfill anti‐HIV‐1 therapeutic and prophylactic clinical goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Obesity, as indicated by elevated Body Mass Index (BMI), is a well-established global health concern associated with increased morbidity and mortality across diverse populations. However, the influence of BMI on individuals in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AFF) occupations, characterized by unique challenges and environmental factors, has received limited research attention. Methods: Our study, a prospective cohort analysis, utilized National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999–2014, targeting adults above 18 in AFF occupations with comprehensive BMI data, omitting individuals with a history of cancer. Mortality outcomes were extracted from the NHANES mortality file, and BMI was segmented into eight categories. Essential covariates such as age, sex, race, and various health factors were incorporated. The statistical analysis encompassed Cox regression, generalized additive models, smooth curve fitting, and stratified analyses. Results: During 1,005 person-years with 201 all-cause and 57 CVD deaths, we observed L-shaped and U-shaped correlations of BMI with all-cause and CVD mortality, featuring a pivotal inflection at 26.69 and 27.40 kg/m2. Above this BMI threshold of 26.69 and 27.4 kg/m2, all-cause mortality association was not significant while CVD mortality was positive. Conclusions: This study highlights a unique BMI-mortality association in AFF occupations, diverging from standard patterns. The rigorous labor and environmental conditions in AFF jobs suggest that a certain range of higher BMI could reduce mortality risk. This highlights the necessity for tailored health guidelines in different occupations. Future research should concentrate on diverse health indicators and enhanced risk assessment for physically strenuous occupations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widely distributed persistent organic pollutants and their monitoring in environmental media has received extensive attention. The soil matrix is complex, and efficient and simple extraction of PFAAs remains a challenge for analysts. In this work, a simple and rapid method has been developed for the determination of 21 PFAAs in soil by chelating resin-assisted extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Treatment with chelating resins effectively released PFAAs bound to metal ions, thereby greatly improving the extraction efficiency of PFAAs in soil. The complete extraction procedure only required 30 min. Under the optimized conditions, the quantification limits of the 21 PFAAs were from 0.03 to 0.49 ng/mL. Single PFAAs were detected in soil samples with concentrations ranging from 0.10 to 2.60 ng/g and recoveries between 70 and 126%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]