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1. Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision

Author

Li, Yueming, Jiang, Ying, Lan, Lu, Ge, Xiaowei, Cheng, Ran, Zhan, Yuewei, Chen, Guo, Shi, Linli, Wang, Runyu, Zheng, Nan, Yang, Chen, and Cheng, Ji-Xin

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological diseases. Current non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the millimeter level. Here, we report optically-generated focused ultrasound (OFUS) for non-invasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision. OFUS is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad (SOAP) fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane film. SOAP generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with an ultrahigh lateral resolution of 83 um, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial-focused ultrasound (tFUS). Here, we show effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound cycle. We demonstrate submillimeter transcranial stimulation of the mouse motor cortex in vivo. An acoustic energy of 0.6 mJ/cm^2, four orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS, is sufficient for successful OFUS neurostimulation. OFUS offers new capabilities for neuroscience studies and disease treatments by delivering a focus with ultrahigh precision non-invasively., Comment: 36 pages, 5 main figures, 13 supplementary figures

Published
2022
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2. Bond-Selective Intensity Diffraction Tomography

Author

Zhao, Jian, Matlock, Alex, Zhu, Hongbo, Song, Ziqi, Zhu, Jiabei, Wang, Biao, Chen, Fukai, Zhan, Yuewei, Chen, Zhicong, Xu, Yihong, Lin, Xingchen, Tian, Lei, and Cheng, Ji-Xin

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

Recovering molecular information remains a grand challenge in the widely used holographic and computational imaging technologies. To address this challenge, we developed a computational mid-infrared photothermal microscope, termed Bond-selective Intensity Diffraction Tomography (BS-IDT). Based on a low-cost brightfield microscope with an add-on pulsed light source, BS-IDT recovers both infrared spectra and bond-selective 3D refractive index maps from intensity-only measurements. High-fidelity infrared fingerprint spectra extraction is validated. Volumetric chemical imaging of biological cells is demonstrated at a speed of ~20 seconds per volume, with a lateral and axial resolution of ~350 nm and ~1.1 micron, respectively. BS-IDT's application potential is investigated by chemically quantifying lipids stored in cancer cells and volumetric chemical imaging on Caenorhabditis elegans with a large field of view (~100 micron X 100 micron).

Published
2022
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3. Multi-window SRS imaging using a rapid widely tunable fiber laser

Author

Ni, Hongli, Lin, Peng, Zhu, Yifan, Zhang, Meng, Tan, Yuying, Zhan, Yuewei, and Cheng, Ji-Xin

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Spectroscopic stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging has become a useful tool finding a broad range of applications. Yet, wider adoption is hindered by the bulky and environmentally-sensitive solid-state optical parametric oscillator (OPO) in current SRS microscope. Moreover, chemically-informative multi-window SRS imaging across C-H, C-D and fingerprint Raman regions is challenging due to the slow wavelength tuning speed of the solid-state OPO. In this work, we present a multi-window SRS imaging system based on a compact and robust fiber laser with rapid and widely tuning capability. To address the relative intensity noise intrinsic to fiber laser, we implemented auto-balanced detection which enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of stimulated Raman loss imaging by 23 times. We demonstrate high-quality SRS metabolic imaging of fungi, cancer cells, and Caenorhabditis elegans across the C-H, C-D and fingerprint Raman windows. Our re-sults showcase the potential of the compact multi-window SRS system for a broad range of applications., Comment: 7 figures

Published
2021

4. Fluorescence-Enhanced Mid-Infrared Photothermal Microscopy

Author

Zhang, Yi, Zong, Haonan, Zong, Cheng, Tan, Yuying, Zhang, Meng, Zhan, Yuewei, and Cheng, Ji-Xin

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Quantitative Biology - Biomolecules
Abstract

Mid-infrared photothermal microscopy is a new chemical imaging technology in which a visible beam senses the photothermal effect induced by a pulsed infrared laser. This technology provides infrared spectroscopic information at sub-micron spatial resolution and enables infrared spectroscopy and imaging of living cells and organisms. Yet, current mid-infrared photothermal imaging sensitivity suffers from a weak dependance of scattering on temperature and the image quality is vulnerable to the speckles caused by scattering. Here, we present a novel version of mid-infrared photothermal microscopy in which thermo-sensitive fluorescent probes are harnessed to sense the mid-infrared photothermal effect. The fluorescence intensity can be modulated at the level of 1% per Kelvin, which is 100 times larger than the modulation of scattering intensity. In addition, fluorescence emission is free of speckles, thus much improving the image quality. Moreover, fluorophores can target specific organelles or biomolecules, thus augmenting the specificity of photothermal imaging. Spectral fidelity is confirmed through fingerprinting a single bacterium. Finally, the photobleaching issue is successfully addressed through the development of a wide-field fluorescence-enhanced mid-infrared photothermal microscope which allows video rate bond-selective imaging of biological specimens.

Published
2021

5. Efficacy of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men

Author

Gao, Yanxiao, primary, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Sun, Yinghui, additional, Zheng, Weiran, additional, Zhang, Weijie, additional, Fu, Leiwen, additional, Guo, Zhihui, additional, Lin, Yi-Fan, additional, Li, Yuwei, additional, Zheng, Lingling, additional, Zhan, Yiqiang, additional, Zhu, Zhiqiang, additional, Duan, Junyi, additional, Zhang, Guanghui, additional, Huang, Tao, additional, Su, Bin, additional, Yu, Maohe, additional, Wu, Guohui, additional, Ouyang, Lin, additional, Zhao, Jin, additional, Wang, Guanghui, additional, Zhou, Yepeng, additional, Qian, Han-Zhu, additional, Fitzpatrick, Thomas, additional, Vermund, Sten H., additional, and Zou, Huachun, additional

Published
2024
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6. The impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on HIV care continuum in China: An interrupted time series analysis

Author

Wu, Xinsheng, Wu, Guohui, Ma, Yanmin, Huang, Xiaojie, Yang, Yuecheng, Cai, Yanshan, Luo, Ganfeng, Ma, Ping, Qiao, Ying, Chen, Yuanyi, Lin, Yi-Fan, Gao, Yanxiao, Zhan, Yuewei, Song, Wei, Wang, Yingying, Wang, Rugang, Yang, Xuejuan, Sun, Lijun, Wei, Hongxia, Li, Quanmin, Xin, Xiaoli, Wang, Lijing, Wang, Xicheng, Xie, Ronghui, Yang, Lijuan, Meng, Xiaojun, Zhao, Jin, Li, Linghua, Zhang, Tong, Xu, Junjie, Fu, Gengfeng, and Zou, Huachun

Published
2022
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8. Stakeholder efforts to mitigate antiretroviral therapy interruption among people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a qualitative study

Author

Sun, Yinghui, Zhan, Yuewei, Li, Hui, Yuan, Tanwei, Gao, Yanxiao, Liang, Bowen, Feng, Anping, Li, Peiyang, Zheng, Weiran, Fitzpatrick, Thomas, Wu, Dan, Zhai, Xinyi, and Zou, Huachun

Subjects
Health
Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected antiretroviral therapy (ART) continuity among people living with HIV (PLHIV) worldwide. We conducted a qualitative study to explore barriers to ART maintenance and solutions to ART interruption when stringent COVID-19 control measures were implemented in China, from the perspective of PLHIV and relevant key stakeholders. Methods: Between 11 February and 15 February 2020, we interviewed PLHIV, community-based organization (CBO) workers, staff from centres for disease control and prevention (CDC) at various levels whose work is relevant to HIV care (CDC staff), HIV doctors and nurses and drug vendors from various regions in China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using a messaging and social media app. Challenges and responses relevant to ART continuity during the COVID-19 pandemic were discussed. Themes were identified by transcript coding and mindmaps. Results: Sixty-four stakeholders were recruited, including 16 PLHIV, 17 CBO workers, 15 CDC staff, 14 HIV doctors and nurses and two drug vendors. Many CDC staff, HIV doctors and nurses responsible for ART delivery and HIV care were shifted to COVID-19 response efforts. Barriers to ART maintenance were (a) travel restrictions, (b) inadequate communication and bureaucratic obstacles, (c) shortage in personnel, (d) privacy concerns, and (e) insufficient ART reserve. CBO helped PLHIV maintain access to ART through five solutions identified from thematic analysis: (a) coordination to refill ART from local CDC clinics or hospitals, (b) delivery of ART by mail, (c) privacy protection measures, (d) mental health counselling, and (e) providing connections to alternative sources of ART. Drug vendors contributed to ART maintenance by selling out-of-pocket ART. Conclusions: Social and institutional disruption from COVID-19 contributed to increased risk of ART interruption among PLHIV in China. Collaboration among key stakeholders was needed to maintain access to ART, with CBO playing an important role. Other countries facing ART interruption during current or future public health emergencies may learn from the solutions employed in China. Keywords: antiretroviral therapy; antiretroviral therapy maintenance; community-based organization; COVID-19; HIV; people living with HIV, 1 INTRODUCTION Access and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is needed for people living with HIV (PLHIV) to achieve viral suppression, reduce HIV-associated morbidity and mortality, and prevent HIV transmission [...]

Published
2021
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11. Antiretroviral treatment interruption among people living with HIV during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a nationwide crosssectional study

Author

Sun, Yinghui, Li, Hui, Luo, Ganfeng, Meng, Xiaojun, Guo, Wei, Fitzpatrick, Thomas, Ao, Yunlong, Feng, Anping, Liang, Bowen, Zhan, Yuewei, Sande, Amakobe, Xie, Feng, Wang, Ying, Qian, Han-Zhu, Cai, Yong, and Zou, Huachun

Subjects
Epidemics -- Influence -- China, Antiviral agents -- Dosage and administration, HIV patients -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Introduction: Social disruption associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threatens to impede access to regular healthcare, including for people living with HIV (PLHIV), potentially resulting in antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption (ATI). We aimed to explore the characteristics and factors associated with ATI during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Methods: We conducted an online survey among PLHIV by convenience sampling through social media between 5 and 17 February 2020. Respondents were asked to report whether they were at risk of ATI (i.e. experienced ATI, risk of imminent ATI, threatened but resolved risk of ATI [obtaining ART prior to interruption]) or were not at risk of ATI associated with the COVID-19 outbreak. PLHIV were also asked to report perceived risk factors for ATI and sources of additional ART. The factors associated with the risk of ATI were assessed using logistic regression. We also evaluated the factors associated with experienced ATI. Results: A total of 5084 PLHIV from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in mainland China completed the survey, with valid response rate of 99.4%. The median age was 31 years (IQR 27 to 37), 96.5% of participants were men, and 71.3% were men who had sex with men. Over one-third (35.1%, 1782/5084) reported any risk of ATI during the COVID-19 outbreak, including 2.7% (135/5084) who experienced ATI, 18.0% (917/5084) at risk of imminent ATI and 14.4% (730/5084) at threatened but resolved risk. PLHIV with ATI were more likely to have previous interruptions in ART (aOR 8.3, 95% CI 5.6 to 12.3), travelled away from where they typically receive HIV care (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 2.1 to 4.5), stayed in an area that implemented citywide lockdowns or travel restrictions to control COVID-19 (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.6), and be in permanent residence in a rural area (aOR 3.7, 95% CI 2.3 to 5.8). Conclusions: A significant proportion of PLHIV in China are at risk of ATI during the COVID-19 outbreak and some have already experienced ATI. Correlates of ATI and self-reported barriers to ART suggest that social disruptions from COVID-19 have contributed to ATI. Our findings demonstrate an urgent need for policies and interventions to maintain access to HIV care during public health emergencies. Keywords: antiretroviral therapy interruption; antiretroviral therapy; HIV; lockdown; COVID-19; China, 1 | INTRODUCTION A cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown cause appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was soon identified as the cause, and by [...]

Published
2020
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12. Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision and Incident HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China (The CoM Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Gao, Yanxiao, primary, Zheng, Weiran, additional, Sun, Yinghui, additional, Yang, Luoyao, additional, Guo, Zhihui, additional, Li, Yuwei, additional, Lin, Yi-Fan, additional, Lu, Zhen, additional, Yuan, Tanwei, additional, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Qian, Han-Zhu, additional, Su, Bin, additional, Zhu, Zhiqiang, additional, Duan, Junyi, additional, Wang, Guanghui, additional, Cui, Xin, additional, Ouyang, Lin, additional, Sheng, Genshen, additional, Zhou, Yepeng, additional, Long, Ao, additional, Yao, Yuming, additional, Fitzpatrick, Thomas, additional, Yu, Maohe, additional, Wu, Guohui, additional, and Zou, Huachun, additional

Published
2023
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14. Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision and Incident HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China (The CoM Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

Author

Gao, Yanxiao, primary, Zheng, Weiran, additional, Sun, Yinghui, additional, Yang, Luoyao, additional, Guo, Zhihui, additional, Li, Yuwei, additional, Lin, Yi-Fan, additional, Lu, Zhen, additional, Yuan, Tanwei, additional, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Qian, Han-Zhu, additional, Su, Bin, additional, Zhu, Zhiqiang, additional, Duan, Junyi, additional, Wang, Guanghui, additional, Cui, Xin, additional, Ouyang, Lin, additional, Sheng, Genshen, additional, Zhou, Yepeng, additional, Long, Ao, additional, Yao, Yuming, additional, Fitzpatrick, Thomas, additional, Yu, Maohe, additional, Wu, Guohui, additional, and Zou, Huachun, additional

Published
2023
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15. Bond-selective intensity diffraction tomography

Author

Zhao, Jian, primary, Matlock, Alex, additional, Zhu, Hongbo, additional, Song, Ziqi, additional, Zhu, Jiabei, additional, Wang, Biao, additional, Chen, Fukai, additional, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Chen, Zhicong, additional, Xu, Yihong, additional, Lin, Xingchen, additional, Tian, Lei, additional, and Cheng, Ji-Xin, additional

Published
2022
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19. Stakeholders’ solutions to antiretroviral therapy interruption during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a short report

Author

Zhan, Yuewei, primary, Sun, Yinghui, additional, Feng, Anping, additional, Li, Hui, additional, Gao, Yanxiao, additional, Liu, Yi, additional, Fitzpatrick, Thomas, additional, Liang, Bowen, additional, Fu, Leiwen, additional, Wang, Bingyi, additional, Wu, Dan, additional, Zhai, Xinyi, additional, Fang, Yanjiao, additional, Zheng, Weiran, additional, and Zou, Huachun, additional

Published
2022
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21. Blue Light Deactivation of Catalase Suppresses Candida Hyphae Development Through Lipogenesis Inhibition.

Author

Jusuf, Sebastian, Zhan, Yuewei, Zhang, Meng, Alexander, Natalie J., Viens, Adam, Mansour, Michael K., and Cheng, Ji‐Xin

Subjects
*BLUE light, *LIPID synthesis, *CATALASE, *UNSATURATED fatty acids, *MASS spectrometry
Abstract

Hyphae formation is a key step for fungal penetration into epithelial cells and escaping from macrophages or neutrophils. We found that 405 nm light‐induced catalase deactivation results in the inhibition of hyphae growth in Candida albicans. The treatment is capable of inhibiting hyphae growth across multiple hyphae‐producing Candida species. Metabolic studies on light‐treated C. albicans reveal that light treatment results in a strong reduction in both lipid and protein metabolism. A significant decrease in unsaturated and saturated fatty acids was detected through mass spectroscopy, indicating that the suppression of hyphae through light‐induced catalase deactivation may occur through inhibition of lipid metabolism. Initial in vivo tests indicate that blue light treatment can suppress the hyphae forming capabilities of C. albicans within murine abrasion infections. Together, these findings open new avenues for the treatment of Candida fungal infections by targeting their dimorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Stakeholders' solutions to antiretroviral therapy interruption during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a short report.

Author

Zhan, Yuewei, Sun, Yinghui, Feng, Anping, Li, Hui, Gao, Yanxiao, Liu, Yi, Fitzpatrick, Thomas, Liang, Bowen, Fu, Leiwen, Wang, Bingyi, Wu, Dan, Zhai, Xinyi, Fang, Yanjiao, Zheng, Weiran, and Zou, Huachun

Subjects
*HIV-positive persons, *COMMUNICABLE diseases, *INVENTORY shortages, *STAKEHOLDER analysis, *ANTIRETROVIRAL agents, *MEDICAL care, *INTERVIEWING, *TREATMENT delay (Medicine), *QUALITATIVE research, *DOCUMENTATION, *MEDICAL protocols, *COMMUNITY-based social services, *DRUGS, *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *RESEARCH funding, *THEMATIC analysis, *WORKING hours, *DATA analysis software, *PATIENT compliance, *COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract

Obtaining antiretroviral therapy (ART) was a challenge for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. On 26 January 2020, the Chinese Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention issued a nationwide directive to relax restrictions on where and when PLHIV could refill ART. This qualitative study explored unexpected barriers under this directive and recommendations to improve future ART delivery. Between February 11 and February 15 2020, in-depth interviews of 4 groups of stake holders related to ART refilling (i.e., PLHIV, community-based organization employees, CDC staff, infectious disease physicians and nurses), were conducted via WeChat. Data were managed by NVivo 11.0 and transcripts were coded using thematic analysis. Sixty-two interviews were conducted. The main barriers to refilling ART included: (1) inconsistent documentation requirements to refill ART, (2) lack of specific protocols on ART refilling, (3) insufficient staffing, and (4) regimen verification and drug shortages. The most common recommendations to improve future ART delivery were: (1) to establish a nationwide system to distribute ART and (2) increase the number of pills delivered with each ART refill. Strengthening protocols and systems to refill ART and improving collaboration is key to preventing interruptions in ART among PLHIV during public health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Global Pattern and Trends in Penile Cancer Incidence: Population-Based Study

Author

Fu, Leiwen, primary, Tian, Tian, additional, Yao, Kai, additional, Chen, Xiang-Feng, additional, Luo, Ganfeng, additional, Gao, Yanxiao, additional, Lin, Yi-Fan, additional, Wang, Bingyi, additional, Sun, Yinghui, additional, Zheng, Weiran, additional, Li, Peiyang, additional, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Fairley, Christopher K, additional, Grulich, Andrew, additional, and Zou, Huachun, additional

Published
2022
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24. Outness and its correlates among gay and bisexual men attending university in China: a cross-sectional study

Author

Hu, Yuqing, primary, Fan, Song, additional, Li, Peiyang, additional, Jiang, Hongbo, additional, Fan, Yinguang, additional, Yuan, Tanwei, additional, Zhou, Xinyi, additional, Gao, Yanxiao, additional, Fu, Leiwen, additional, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Meng, Huicui, additional, Jiang, Yawen, additional, Yuan, Jinqiu, additional, Meng, Xiaojun, additional, and Zou, Huachun, additional

Published
2022
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28. Incidence Trends of Five Common Sexually Transmitted Infections Excluding HIV From 1990 to 2019 at the Global, Regional, and National Levels: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Fu, Leiwen, primary, Sun, Yinghui, additional, Han, Min, additional, Wang, Bingyi, additional, Xiao, Fei, additional, Zhou, Yiguo, additional, Gao, Yanxiao, additional, Fitzpatrick, Thomas, additional, Yuan, Tanwei, additional, Li, Peiyang, additional, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Lu, Yong, additional, Luo, Ganfeng, additional, Duan, Junyi, additional, Hong, Zhongsi, additional, Fairley, Christopher K., additional, Zhang, Tong, additional, Zhao, Jin, additional, and Zou, Huachun, additional

Published
2022
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31. COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in mainland China: a cross-sectional survey

Author

Zheng, Weiran, primary, Sun, Yinghui, additional, Li, Hui, additional, Zhao, Heping, additional, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Gao, Yanxiao, additional, Hu, Yuqing, additional, Li, Peiyang, additional, Lin, Yi-Fan, additional, Chen, Hui, additional, Meng, Huicui, additional, Yang, Chongguang, additional, Fang, Qianglin, additional, Yuan, Jinqiu, additional, Jiang, Yawen, additional, Liu, Siyang, additional, Cai, Yong, additional, and Zou, Huachun, additional

Published
2021
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36. Photo-Disassembly of Membrane Microdomains Revives Conventional Antibiotics against MRSA

Author

Hui, Jie, Dong, Pu-Ting, Liang, Lijia, Mandal, Taraknath, Li, Junjie, Ulloa, Erlinda R., Zhan, Yuewei, Jusuf, Sebastian, Zong, Cheng, Seleem, Mohamed N., Liu, George Y., Cui, Qiang, Cheng, Ji-Xin, Hui, Jie, Dong, Pu-Ting, Liang, Lijia, Mandal, Taraknath, Li, Junjie, Ulloa, Erlinda R., Zhan, Yuewei, Jusuf, Sebastian, Zong, Cheng, Seleem, Mohamed N., Liu, George Y., Cui, Qiang, and Cheng, Ji-Xin

Abstract

Confronted with the rapid evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment strategies for drug-resistant pathogens. Here, an unconventional approach is presented to restore the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) to a broad spectrum of conventional antibiotics via photo-disassembly of functional membrane microdomains. The photo-disassembly of microdomains is based on effective photolysis of staphyloxanthin, the golden carotenoid pigment that gives its name. Upon pulsed laser treatment, cell membranes are found severely disorganized and malfunctioned to defense antibiotics, as unveiled by membrane permeabilization, membrane fluidification, and detachment of membrane protein, PBP2a. Consequently, the photolysis approach increases susceptibility and inhibits development of resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics including penicillins, quinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, lipopeptides, and oxazolidinones. The synergistic therapy, without phototoxicity to the host, is effective in combating MRSA both in vitro and in vivo in a mice skin infection model. Collectively, this endogenous chromophore-targeted phototherapy concept paves a novel platform to revive conventional antibiotics to combat drug-resistant S. aureus infections as well as to screen new lead compounds.

Published
2020
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38. Spread and Impact of COVID-19 in China: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Predictions From Transmission-Dynamic Models

Author

Lin, Yi-Fan, primary, Duan, Qibin, additional, Zhou, Yiguo, additional, Yuan, Tanwei, additional, Li, Peiyang, additional, Fitzpatrick, Thomas, additional, Fu, Leiwen, additional, Feng, Anping, additional, Luo, Ganfeng, additional, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Liang, Bowen, additional, Fan, Song, additional, Lu, Yong, additional, Wang, Bingyi, additional, Wang, Zhenyu, additional, Zhao, Heping, additional, Gao, Yanxiao, additional, Li, Meijuan, additional, Chen, Dahui, additional, Chen, Xiaoting, additional, Ao, Yunlong, additional, Li, Linghua, additional, Cai, Weiping, additional, Du, Xiangjun, additional, Shu, Yuelong, additional, and Zou, Huachun, additional

Published
2020
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39. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Fu, Leiwen, primary, Wang, Bingyi, additional, Yuan, Tanwei, additional, Chen, Xiaoting, additional, Ao, Yunlong, additional, Fitzpatrick, Thomas, additional, Li, Peiyang, additional, Zhou, Yiguo, additional, Lin, Yi-fan, additional, Duan, Qibin, additional, Luo, Ganfeng, additional, Fan, Song, additional, Lu, Yong, additional, Feng, Anping, additional, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Liang, Bowen, additional, Cai, Weiping, additional, Zhang, Lin, additional, Du, Xiangjun, additional, Li, Linghua, additional, Shu, Yuelong, additional, and Zou, Huachun, additional

Published
2020
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43. Antibiotic Resistance: Photo‐Disassembly of Membrane Microdomains Revives Conventional Antibiotics against MRSA (Adv. Sci. 6/2020)

Author

Hui, Jie, primary, Dong, Pu‐Ting, additional, Liang, Lijia, additional, Mandal, Taraknath, additional, Li, Junjie, additional, Ulloa, Erlinda R., additional, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Jusuf, Sebastian, additional, Zong, Cheng, additional, Seleem, Mohamed N., additional, Liu, George Y., additional, Cui, Qiang, additional, and Cheng, Ji‐Xin, additional

Published
2020
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44. Inhibiting staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance via photo-disassembly of membrane microdomains

Author

Hui, Jie, primary, Dong, Pu-Ting, additional, Liang, Lijia, additional, Mandal, Taraknath, additional, Li, Junjie, additional, Ulloa, Erlinda R., additional, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Jusuf, Sebastian, additional, Zong, Cheng, additional, Seleem, Mohamed N., additional, Liu, George Y., additional, Cui, Qiang, additional, and Cheng, Ji-Xin, additional

Published
2020
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45. Photo‐Disassembly of Membrane Microdomains Revives Conventional Antibiotics against MRSA

Author

Hui, Jie, primary, Dong, Pu‐Ting, additional, Liang, Lijia, additional, Mandal, Taraknath, additional, Li, Junjie, additional, Ulloa, Erlinda R., additional, Zhan, Yuewei, additional, Jusuf, Sebastian, additional, Zong, Cheng, additional, Seleem, Mohamed N., additional, Liu, George Y., additional, Cui, Qiang, additional, and Cheng, Ji‐Xin, additional

Published
2020
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50. Near-infrared anti-microbial therapy: eliminating MRSA by bleaching of STX

Author

Zhan, Yuewei

Subjects
Biomedical engineering, MRSA, Phototherapy
Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) caused invasive infection is a major public health problem primarily related to hospitals or other healthcare settings. However, traditional antibiotics were no longer effective enough because of the ability of pathogens to continuously develop antibiotic resistances. In order to find alternatives in treating MRSA infections, scientists targeted on a goldencolored pigment Staphyloxanthin (STX) located on most of S. aureus membrane, which is one of the virulence factor that help MRSA evade from antibiotic toxicity. Getting rid of STX was proved to sensitize MRSA against drugs including β-lactam antibiotics. Delightfully, both direct inhibition of STX expression and indirect blue light photobleaching of STX were proved to be effective in eradication MRSA in vitro and in vivo. However, protein inhibition took too long time to work, and had off-targeting and cell toxicity issue; and blue light photolysis can hardly be effective into the soft tissue layer of human skin for treating invasive infections because of the limitation in its penetration depth. This thesis illustrates a NIR light illuminating method in STX bleaching, opening a new window for invasive MRSA treatment. According to our results, NIR light was proved to effectively break down STX molecule in a wide range of wavelength, and induce synergistical effect with H2O2 in eradicating planktonic MRSA. H2O2 was to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can disturb the cellular oxidative environment and induce cell death. Moreover, fresh porcine skin was applied to demonstrate the potential penetration depth of NIR laser and STX photolysis effciency through a thick turbid skin tissue. Colony forming unit was conducted to verify the bacterial killing effciency. Resonant Raman spectroscopy was used for quantification of the STX photolysis by characteristic Raman peaks. Different laser systems were applied for particular purposes: femto-second laser with fixed wavelength was used for fast bleaching and power dependent tests, and nano-second laser with tunable wavelength was chosen for wavelength dependent experiments. To illustrate the NIR photo-bleaching mechanism, more mysterious findings were presented which need us to uncover in the future. Considering the host immune response in generateing ROS in defending MRSA infections, in the future, either impairing antioxidant systems or enhancing the endogenous levels of ROS in bacteria could be useful strategies to increase oxidative damage onto pathogens.

Published
2020

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