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Lucky bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana hort. ex. Mast. = Dracaena braunii) is a popular decorative plant in China. In March 2022, a severe outbreak of anthracnose disease occurred on the stems of lucky bamboo plants in a nursery garden in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Thirty-two fungal isolates were obtained from the infected stem tissues and were morphologically identified as Colletotrichum species. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the actin (ACT) gene, and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene indicated the isolate FGZ-1 as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. The pathogenicity of isolate FGZ-1 was verified by inoculating mycelial plugs on stem segments and spraying spores on the whole one-year-old lucky bamboo plants. Koch's postulates were fulfilled via the re-isolation of C. gloeosporioides from the diseased tissues. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on lucky bamboo in China. The detection of C. gloeosporioides on lucky bamboo in China expands the range of Colletotrichum species that are associated with anthracnose in this popular ornamental plant. This study lays a solid foundation for future investigations into the pathogenic mechanisms of anthracnose on D. sanderiana and control strategies for this disease, such as biocontrol agents and the construction of resistant cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constructs an institutional investor network based on the heavy holdings of the same stock in China and conducts a social network analysis to investigate the influence of this network on stock price volatility from the perspectives of network structure (density) and location (centrality). The study demonstrates that institutional investor network density is negatively related to stock price volatility, while network centrality is positively related to it. Mechanism analyses further reveal that network density reduces stock price volatility by mitigating private information arbitrage behavior among institutional investors, whereas network centrality increases stock price volatility by creating private information arbitrage opportunities within the network. Additionally, the paper finds that information asymmetry enhances the positive effect of network centrality on stock price volatility. These findings are generally consistent across subsample analyses for different market states, reactions to good and bad news, and types of equity ownership, as well as in other robustness tests. The practical implications of these findings are significant for market stability regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on irrational investor behavior and by exploiting newly constructed proxy measures for investor disagreement, we develop and test a theory which can successfully account for excessively high returns observed on the first day of IPOs launched in China's stock markets. 93.8% of IPO companies in our sample received government subsidies, prompting us to examine whether and to what extent government subsidies categorized as "science and technology", "international" and "other" affect the day-one return of IPOs. Also, to further examine the extent to which government subsidies may indirectly affect returns, we incorporate and study estimated interaction terms between government subsidies and investor disagreement to investigate the role of this particular non-linear channel. The results show that returns on companies receiving government subsidies are lower on average than on those who did not receive any government subsidies prior to their IPO, and that the higher the government subsidy, the lower the level of investor disagreement and the lower the IPO day-one return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique physicochemical properties of (2D) nanomaterials make them well‐suited for use in sustainable energy applications. Many of these materials can be further improved with vacancy engineering. This review details recent progress in the vacancy engineering of ultrathin 2D nanomaterials. For clarity, it mainly focuses on various ultrathin 2D materials in three categories: Xa&XaYb‐, MaXb‐, or MaXbYc‐structured materials. Recently developed vacancies in different types of ultrathin 2D materials, as well as their preparation and characterization, are described. Emphasis is placed on the potential electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications of these materials. This review considers the relationship between vacancy properties and material categories of various ultrathin 2D materials in terms of application requirements, preparation, and characterization techniques. The challenges and future outlook of this promising field are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]