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Amaç: Bu çalışma kapsamında meslek eğitimi alan öğrencilerde Hojat ve Gonnella (2011) tarafından geliştirilen Hekim-Eczacı İşbirliğine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlamasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Tıp ve Eczacılık Fakültesi öğrencileri (N=189) oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin Türkçe uyarlamasının yapılması amacıyla dil, kapsam, yapı geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği sınanmıştır. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Gerçekleştirilen açımlayıcı faktör analizi neticesinde toplam varyansın %60,41’ini açıklandığı ve ifadelerin iki faktör altında toplandığı ve toplam varyansın %52,59’unu birinci faktörün ve %7,82’sını ikinci faktörün açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Orijinal ölçekle uyumlu olarak 16 ifadeden oluşan ölçeğin alt boyutları İş Birliği ve Ekip Çalışması, Sorumluluk olarak adlandırılmış, ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı ,938 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular neticesinde Hekim-Eczacı İşbirliğine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeğinin Türk kültürüne uygun, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Air pollution still exceeds safe limits worldwide, particularly in big metropolitans, despite regular monitoring facilities and measures taken. It is usually originated from industrial activities, fossil fuel use in domestic settings and vehicle exhaust emission. Although there is a decrease in air pollution in big cities of Turkey due to use of natural gas, it is still a serious health concern. In Diyarbakır, because of a rapid increase in its population recently, wrong urbanisation and a relative increase in industrialisation, air pollution leads to dangerous levels, particularly in the winter. Epidemiological studies from all over the world, and Turkey have reported a close relation between air pollution and respiratory morbidity and mortality. Studies investigating the mechanisms underlying respiratory effects of air pollution demonstrated that pollutants lead to increased respiratory symptoms, decreased respiratory function and induce inflammatory changes in airways. In vitro studies have shown that air pollutants exert their effects by causing cellular injury directly, and by activating intracellular oxidative pathways indirectly. The attempts to reduce air pollution levels have been implemented in Turkey and worldwide. In order to solve the problem in Diyarbakır, several measures such as prevention the use of out standardized fuel, use of reliable burning techniques, and a close car emission monitoring system need to be implemented.

Background: The Mediterranean region is particularly vulnerable to the effect of summer temperature. Within the CIRCE project this time-series study aims to quantify for the first time the effect of summer temperature in Eastern-Southern Mediterranean cities and compared it with European cities around the Mediterranean basin, evaluating city characteristics that explain between-city heterogeneity. Methods: The city-specific effect of maximum apparent temperature (Tappmax) was assessed by Generalized Estimation Equations, assuming a linear threshold model. Then, city-specific estimates were included in a random effect meta-regression analysis to investigate the effect modification by several city characteristics. Results: Heterogeneity in the temperature-mortality relationship was observed among cities. Thresholds recorded higher values in the warmest cities of Tunis (35.5 degrees C) and Tel-Aviv (32.8 degrees C) while the effect of Tappmax above threshold was greater in the European cities. In Eastern-Southern Mediterranean cities a higher effect was observed among younger age groups (0-14 in Tunis and 15-64 in Tel-Aviv and Istanbul) in contrast with the European cities where the elderly population was more vulnerable. Climate conditions explained most of the observed heterogeneity and among socio-demographic and economic characteristics only health expenditure and unemployment rate were identified as effect modifiers. Conclusions: The high vulnerability observed in the young populations in Eastern-Southern Mediterranean cities represent a major public health problem. Considering the large political and economic changes occurring in this region as well future temperature increase due to climate change, it is important to strengthen research and public health efforts in these Mediterranean countries., Commission of the European Communities, Research Directorate General (6th Framework Program, Priority 1.1.6.3 Global Change and Ecosystem)

Background and Aims: WHO has defined the city of Taranto (Apulia, South-Eastern Italy) as a high environmental crisis risk area with excess total and cancer mortality1. Since the late ‘60’s, heavy ...