7 results on '"Zewde, Naomi"'
Search Results
2. Impact of the 2008 Recession on Wealth-Adjusted Income and Inequality for U.S. Cohorts.
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Zewde, Naomi and Crystal, Stephen
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ASSETS (Accounting) , *RECESSIONS , *INCOME , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *EMPLOYMENT , *LABOR market , *FINANCIAL management - Abstract
Objective To examine the distributional effects of the 2008 recession and subsequent recovery across generational cohorts. Methods Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (2007โ2016), we constructed a measure of economic well-being accounting for income, household size, and annuitized value of assets. We examine trajectories of adjusted income and inequality, using Gini coefficients and income shares by decile, for the overall population and by cohort during the recession and recovery. Results Inequality declined temporarily during the recession, but reached new highs during the recovery. During recovery, population-level increases in economic resources were not reflected among below-median households, as the more concentrated financial assets rose while broader-based home equity and employment fell or remained stagnant. Inequality measures increased for cohorts in their primary working years (Generation-X and Baby Boomers), but not among the younger Millennials, who were at early stages of education, workforce entry, and household formation. Discussion The study illustrates an integrative approach to analyzing cumulative dis/advantage by considering interactions between historically consistent macrolevel events, such as economic shocks or policy choices affecting all cohorts, and the persistent life-course processes that tend to increase heterogeneity and inequality as cohorts age over time. Although recovery policies led to rapid recovery of financial asset values, they did not proportionately reach those below the median or their economic resource types. Results suggest that in a high-inequality environment, recovery policies from economic shocks may need tailoring to all levels of resources in order to achieve more equitable recovery outcomes and prevent exacerbating cohort inequality trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Improving estimates of Medicaid's effect on poverty: Measures and counterfactuals.
- Author
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Zewde, Naomi, Remler, Dahlia, Hyson, Rosemary, and Korenman, Sanders
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Objective: To re-evaluate the effect of Medicaid on poverty using a poverty measure that accounts for health insurance needs and benefits and an evaluation approach that reflects disparities in access to alternative coverage. Data Sources: The Current Population Survey (CPS) for calendar year 2015. Study Design: We estimate the effect of losing Medicaid on poverty, combining two previous approaches: (1) A propensity impact, which simulates a no-Medicaid counterfactual incorporating changes to health insurance and medical out-of-pocket spending, using the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM). This measure does not reflect a need for health care access nor how health benefits meet that need. (2) An accounting impact, which assumes that those losing Medicaid remain uninsured and does not incorporate any behavioral changes, using the health-inclusive poverty measure (HIPM). This measure includes a need for health insurance in the threshold and health insurance benefits in resources. Data Collection/Extraction Methods: Not applicable. Principal Findings: Using the propensity-matched approach, we attributed a 2.5 percentage point reduction in health-inclusive poverty among those younger than age 65 to the Medicaid program, between the 1.0-point SPM propensity-match impact and the 3.9-point HIPM accounting impact. Medicaid's antipoverty impact and HIPM-SPM differences are greater among those who would become uninsured. HIPM propensity-matched estimates reveal much larger impacts of Medicaid on poverty disparities linked to race/ethnicity and single parenthood than SPM-based propensity estimates. Conclusions: Both the poverty measure and the method used to estimate the counterfactual make substantial, policy-relevant differences to estimates of Medicaid's impact on poverty. A poverty measure that fails to incorporate health insurance needs and benefits substantially underestimates Medicaid's effect. Failing to consider adjustments in insurance coverage and out-of-pocket spending substantially overestimates Medicaid's effect and underestimates its reduction of disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
- Full Text
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4. The Effects of the ACA Medicaid Expansion on Nationwide Home Evictions and Eviction-Court Initiations: United States, 2000โ2016.
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Zewde, Naomi, Eliason, Erica, Allen, Heidi, and Gross, Tal
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EVICTION , *PUBLIC housing , *MEDICAID , *HOUSING , *INCOME , *POVERTY ,PATIENT Protection & Affordable Care Act - Abstract
Objectives. To evaluate the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions on national rates of home eviction and eviction initiation in the United States. Methods. Using nationally representative administrative data from The Eviction Lab at Princeton University, we estimated the effects of the ACA Medicaid expansions on county-level evictions and filings from 2000 to 2016 with a difference-in-difference regression design. Results. We found that Medicaid expansions were associated with an annual reduction in the rate of evictions by 1.15 per 1000 renter-occupied households (P <.001), a reduction of 1.59 eviction filings per 1000 renter-occupied households (P <.001), and a reduction in the average number of evictions by 46 (P <.05). We found additional evidence that increasing rates of African American residents in a county was associated with a greater rate of evictions filed, and increased rates of poverty and rent burdens relative to income were associated with more evictions both filed and completed. Conclusions. Evictions decreased after Medicaid expansion, demonstrating further evidence of the substantive financial protections afforded by this coverage. The reduction in the eviction filing rate suggests that Medicaid expansion could be reducing evictions by preventing the court proceeding entirely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
- Full Text
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5. Antipoverty Impact Of Medicaid Growing With State Expansions Over Time.
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Zewde, Naomi and Wimer, Christopher
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MEDICAID law , *POVERTY reduction , *DEMOGRAPHY , *HEALTH status indicators , *INCOME , *INSURANCE , *MEDICAL care costs , *HEALTH policy , *PUBLIC health , *VOCATIONAL rehabilitation , *COST analysis , *FINANCIAL management , *ELIGIBILITY (Social aspects) , *DATA analysis , *SECONDARY analysis , *SOCIAL services case management , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PATIENT Protection & Affordable Care Act - Abstract
Out-of-pocket Spending on health care pushed over 10.5 million Americans into poverty in 2016. Medicaid helps offset this risk by providing medical coverage to millions of poor and near-poor children and adults and thereby constraining out-of-pocket medical spending. This article examines whether recent state-level expansions to the Medicaid program resulted in reductions in poverty and whether future changes to the program are likely to have similar impacts on poverty. Using a difference-in-differences research design, we found that the recent Medicaid expansion caused a significant reduction in the poverty rate. Moreover, by simulating a counterfactual poverty rate for a hypothetical world without Medicaid coverage, we found that the program's antipoverty impact grew over the past decade independent of expansion, by shielding beneficiaries from growing out-of-pocket spending. Future expansions or retractions of Medicaid are likely to produce associated effects on poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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6. Cancel Student Debt to Shrink the Racial Wealth Gap.
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Zewde, Naomi and Hamilton, Darrick
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DEBT , *WEALTH , *STUDENTS - Abstract
The article reports that president Joe Biden has promised to provide racial justice when activists have put focus on anti-Black racism and mentions recognition of problems of student debt poses by the president.
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- 2021
7. Can Medicaid Expansion Prevent Housing Evictions?
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Allen, Heidi L., Eliason, Erica, Zewde, Naomi, and Gross, Tal
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ALGORITHMS , *HOMELESSNESS , *HOUSING , *INSURANCE , *MEDICAID , *POPULATION geography , *POVERTY , *REGRESSION analysis , *RESEARCH funding , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PATIENT Protection & Affordable Care Act - Abstract
Evictions are increasingly recognized as a serious concern facing low-income households. This study evaluated whether expansions of Medicaid can prevent evictions from occurring. We examined data from a privately licensed database of eviction records in fourteen states (286 counties) and used a difference-in-differences research design to compare rates of eviction before and after California's early Medicaid expansion (51 counties). Early Medicaid expansion in California was associated with a reduction in the number of evictions, with 24.5 fewer evictions per month in each county from a pre-expansion average of 224.7. These results imply that for every thousand new Medicaid enrollees in California, Medicaid expansion was associated with roughly twenty-two fewer evictions per year. Additionally, we found a 2.9-percentage-point reduction in evictions per capita associated with early expansion. The effects were concentrated among counties with the highest pre-expansion rates of uninsurance. We conclude that health insurance coverage is associated with improved housing stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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