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2. Print Exposure Predicts Pronoun Comprehension Strategies in Children

Author

Arnold, Jennifer E., Castro-Schilo, Laura, Zerkle, Sandra, and Rao, Leela

Abstract

Language development requires children to learn how to understand ambiguous pronouns, as in "Panda Bear is having lunch with Puppy. He wants a pepperoni slice." Adults tend to link "he" with Puppy, the prior grammatical subject, but young children either fail to exhibit this bias (Arnold, Brown-Schmidt & Trueswell, 2007) or do so more slowly than adults (Hartshorne et al., 2015a; Song & Fisher, 2005). In the current study, we test whether language exposure affects this bias in elementary-school-age children. Children listened to stories like the one above, and answered questions like "Who wants a pepperoni slice?" which reveal their pronoun interpretation. Individual variation in the rate of selecting the subject character correlated with measures of print exposure, such that children who read more are more likely to follow the subject bias. This is the first study to establish that print exposure affects spoken pronoun comprehension in children.

Published
2019
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6. Paths through meaning and form

Author

Gianollo, Chiara, Jędrzejowski, Łukasz, Alexiadou, Artemis, Aguilar Guevara, Ana, Altshuler, Daniel, Ariel, Mira, DuBois, John, Arnold, Jennifer E., Rodríguez, Francisco Javier Morales, Peralta, Paola Nayabel Reyes, Ávila, Alonso Sandoval, Zerkle, Sandra A., Becker, Martin, Buchholz, Timo, Butt, Miriam, Caro Reina, Javier, Cohen, Ariel, Çokal, Derya, Dimmendaal, Gerrit J., Donazzan, Marta, Ebert, Cornelia, Hinterwimmer, Stefan, Erbasi, Betul, Espinal, M. Teresa, Fischer, Susann, Frey, Werner, García García, Marco, Geist, Ljudmila, Guntsetseg, Dolgor, Gutzmann, Daniel, Hill, Eugen, Repp, Sophie, Hoek, Jet, Holler, Anke, Ionin, Tania, Jäger, Agnes, Jasinskaja, Katja, Kaiser, Elsi, Kaiser, Georg A., Kamp, Hans, Karagjosova, Elena, Kizilkaya, Semra, Konuk, Gökben, Kornfilt, Jaklin, Krifka, Manfred, Leonetti, Manuel, Escandell-Vidal, Victoria, Lindemann, Sofiana I., Mori, Yoshiki, Özge, Duygu, Yeter, Özlem, Onea, Edgar, Loitzl, Melanie, Kravanja, Lea-Sophie, Pfundner, Sophie, Pagel, Lena, Roessig, Simon, Mücke, Doris, Pineda, Anna, Schneider-Blum, Gertrud, Riesberg, Sonja, Hellwig, Birgit, Himmelmann, Nikolaus P., Schumacher, Petra B., Patterson, Clare, Repp, Magdalena, Schwarze, Christoph, Seržant, Ilja A., Stark, Elisabeth, Gerards, David Paul, Tigău, Alina, Torregrossa, Jacopo, Trotzke, Andreas, Turner, Ken, Umbach, Carla, Özge, Umut, Vogeley, Kai, Voigt, Robert, and Zieleke, Regina

Published
2022
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9. Relational encoding effects on event coherence in language production

Author

Zerkle, Sandra

Abstract

When describing a series of events, speakers can explicitly signal the connection between events by using coherence markers (pronouns and connector words). Current models of reference production do not fully account for observed variation in reference form. This study attempts to solve this problem by testing if qualities of the discourse context and strength of event connectedness in memory can affect speakers’ production choices. In two experiments, relational encoding of events was manipulated such that some participants had a higher degree of connection than others. Both experiments found that the encoding manipulation did not affect coherence marker use. In Experiment 1, it did not have the expected effect on memory nor language production. In Experiment 2, it did affect event relatedness representations (recall accuracy), but did not affect coherence marker use on accurate trials. Further research is needed to determine whether relational encoding can affect language production in other situations.

Published
2018
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