86 results on '"Zerhouni O"'
Search Results
2. COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey dataset on psychological and behavioural consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak
- Author
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Yamada, Y, Cepulic, D, Coll-Martin, T, Debove, S, Gautreau, G, Han, H, Rasmussen, J, Tran, T, Travaglino, G, Blackburn, A, Boullu, L, Bujic, M, Byrne, G, Caniels, M, Flis, I, Kowal, M, Rachev, N, Reynoso-Alcantara, V, Zerhouni, O, Ahmed, O, Amin, R, Aquino, S, Areias, J, Aruta, J, Bamwesigye, D, Bavolar, J, Bender, A, Bhandari, P, Bircan, T, Cakal, H, Capelos, T, Cenek, J, Ch'Ng, B, Chen, F, Chrona, S, Contreras-Ibanez, C, Correa, P, Cristofori, I, Cyrus-Lai, W, Delgado-Garcia, G, Deschrijver, E, Diaz, C, Dilekler, I, Dranseika, V, Dubrov, D, Eichel, K, Ermagan-Caglar, E, Gelpi, R, Gonzalez, R, Griffin, A, Hakim, M, Hanusz, K, Ho, Y, Hristova, D, Hubena, B, Ihaya, K, Ikizer, G, Islam, M, Jeftic, A, Jha, S, Juarez, F, Kacmar, P, Kalinova, K, Kavanagh, P, Kosa, M, Koszalkowska, K, Kumaga, R, Lacko, D, Lee, Y, Lentoor, A, De Leon, G, Lin, S, Lins, S, Lopez, C, Lys, A, Mahlungulu, S, Makaveeva, T, Mamede, S, Mari, S, Marot, T, Martinez, L, Meshi, D, Mola, D, Morales-Izquierdo, S, Musliu, A, Naidu, P, Najmussaqib, A, Natividade, J, Nebel, S, Nezkusilova, J, Nikolova, I, Ninaus, M, Noreika, V, Ortiz, M, Ozery, D, Pankowski, D, Pennato, T, Pirko, M, Pummerer, L, Reyna, C, Romano, E, Sahin, H, Sanli, A, Sayilan, G, Scarpaci, A, Sechi, C, Shani, M, Shata, A, Sikka, P, Sinha, N, Stockli, S, Studzinska, A, Sungailaite, E, Szebeni, Z, Tag, B, Taranu, M, Tisocco, F, Tuominen, J, Turk, F, Uddin, M, Uzelac, E, Vestergren, S, Vilar, R, Wang, A, West, J, Wu, C, Yaneva, T, Yeh, Y, Lieberoth, A, Yamada Y., Cepulic D. -B., Coll-Martin T., Debove S., Gautreau G., Han H., Rasmussen J., Tran T. P., Travaglino G. A., Blackburn A. M., Boullu L., Bujic M., Byrne G., Caniels M. C. J., Flis I., Kowal M., Rachev N. R., Reynoso-Alcantara V., Zerhouni O., Ahmed O., Amin R., Aquino S., Areias J. C., Aruta J. J. B. R., Bamwesigye D., Bavolar J., Bender A. R., Bhandari P., Bircan T., Cakal H., Capelos T., Cenek J., Ch'ng B., Chen F. -Y., Chrona S., Contreras-Ibanez C. C., Correa P. S., Cristofori I., Cyrus-Lai W., Delgado-Garcia G., Deschrijver E., Diaz C., Dilekler I., Dranseika V., Dubrov D., Eichel K., Ermagan-Caglar E., Gelpi R., Gonzalez R. F., Griffin A., Hakim M. A., Hanusz K., Ho Y. W., Hristova D., Hubena B., Ihaya K., Ikizer G., Islam M. N., Jeftic A., Jha S., Juarez F. P. -G., Kacmar P., Kalinova K., Kavanagh P. S., Kosa M., Koszalkowska K., Kumaga R., Lacko D., Lee Y., Lentoor A. G., De Leon G. A., Lin S. -Y., Lins S., Lopez C. R. C., Lys A. E., Mahlungulu S., Makaveeva T., Mamede S., Mari S., Marot T. A., Martinez L., Meshi D., Mola D. J., Morales-Izquierdo S., Musliu A., Naidu P. A., Najmussaqib A., Natividade J. C., Nebel S., Nezkusilova J., Nikolova I., Ninaus M., Noreika V., Ortiz M. V., Ozery D. H., Pankowski D., Pennato T., Pirko M., Pummerer L., Reyna C., Romano E., Sahin H., Sanli A. M., Sayilan G., Scarpaci A., Sechi C., Shani M., Shata A., Sikka P., Sinha N., Stockli S., Studzinska A., Sungailaite E., Szebeni Z., Tag B., Taranu M., Tisocco F., Tuominen J., Turk F., Uddin M. K., Uzelac E., Vestergren S., Vilar R., Wang A. H. -E., West J. N., Wu C. K. S., Yaneva T., Yeh Y. -Y., Lieberoth A., Yamada, Y, Cepulic, D, Coll-Martin, T, Debove, S, Gautreau, G, Han, H, Rasmussen, J, Tran, T, Travaglino, G, Blackburn, A, Boullu, L, Bujic, M, Byrne, G, Caniels, M, Flis, I, Kowal, M, Rachev, N, Reynoso-Alcantara, V, Zerhouni, O, Ahmed, O, Amin, R, Aquino, S, Areias, J, Aruta, J, Bamwesigye, D, Bavolar, J, Bender, A, Bhandari, P, Bircan, T, Cakal, H, Capelos, T, Cenek, J, Ch'Ng, B, Chen, F, Chrona, S, Contreras-Ibanez, C, Correa, P, Cristofori, I, Cyrus-Lai, W, Delgado-Garcia, G, Deschrijver, E, Diaz, C, Dilekler, I, Dranseika, V, Dubrov, D, Eichel, K, Ermagan-Caglar, E, Gelpi, R, Gonzalez, R, Griffin, A, Hakim, M, Hanusz, K, Ho, Y, Hristova, D, Hubena, B, Ihaya, K, Ikizer, G, Islam, M, Jeftic, A, Jha, S, Juarez, F, Kacmar, P, Kalinova, K, Kavanagh, P, Kosa, M, Koszalkowska, K, Kumaga, R, Lacko, D, Lee, Y, Lentoor, A, De Leon, G, Lin, S, Lins, S, Lopez, C, Lys, A, Mahlungulu, S, Makaveeva, T, Mamede, S, Mari, S, Marot, T, Martinez, L, Meshi, D, Mola, D, Morales-Izquierdo, S, Musliu, A, Naidu, P, Najmussaqib, A, Natividade, J, Nebel, S, Nezkusilova, J, Nikolova, I, Ninaus, M, Noreika, V, Ortiz, M, Ozery, D, Pankowski, D, Pennato, T, Pirko, M, Pummerer, L, Reyna, C, Romano, E, Sahin, H, Sanli, A, Sayilan, G, Scarpaci, A, Sechi, C, Shani, M, Shata, A, Sikka, P, Sinha, N, Stockli, S, Studzinska, A, Sungailaite, E, Szebeni, Z, Tag, B, Taranu, M, Tisocco, F, Tuominen, J, Turk, F, Uddin, M, Uzelac, E, Vestergren, S, Vilar, R, Wang, A, West, J, Wu, C, Yaneva, T, Yeh, Y, Lieberoth, A, Yamada Y., Cepulic D. -B., Coll-Martin T., Debove S., Gautreau G., Han H., Rasmussen J., Tran T. P., Travaglino G. A., Blackburn A. M., Boullu L., Bujic M., Byrne G., Caniels M. C. J., Flis I., Kowal M., Rachev N. R., Reynoso-Alcantara V., Zerhouni O., Ahmed O., Amin R., Aquino S., Areias J. C., Aruta J. J. B. R., Bamwesigye D., Bavolar J., Bender A. R., Bhandari P., Bircan T., Cakal H., Capelos T., Cenek J., Ch'ng B., Chen F. -Y., Chrona S., Contreras-Ibanez C. C., Correa P. S., Cristofori I., Cyrus-Lai W., Delgado-Garcia G., Deschrijver E., Diaz C., Dilekler I., Dranseika V., Dubrov D., Eichel K., Ermagan-Caglar E., Gelpi R., Gonzalez R. F., Griffin A., Hakim M. A., Hanusz K., Ho Y. W., Hristova D., Hubena B., Ihaya K., Ikizer G., Islam M. N., Jeftic A., Jha S., Juarez F. P. -G., Kacmar P., Kalinova K., Kavanagh P. S., Kosa M., Koszalkowska K., Kumaga R., Lacko D., Lee Y., Lentoor A. G., De Leon G. A., Lin S. -Y., Lins S., Lopez C. R. C., Lys A. E., Mahlungulu S., Makaveeva T., Mamede S., Mari S., Marot T. A., Martinez L., Meshi D., Mola D. J., Morales-Izquierdo S., Musliu A., Naidu P. A., Najmussaqib A., Natividade J. C., Nebel S., Nezkusilova J., Nikolova I., Ninaus M., Noreika V., Ortiz M. V., Ozery D. H., Pankowski D., Pennato T., Pirko M., Pummerer L., Reyna C., Romano E., Sahin H., Sanli A. M., Sayilan G., Scarpaci A., Sechi C., Shani M., Shata A., Sikka P., Sinha N., Stockli S., Studzinska A., Sungailaite E., Szebeni Z., Tag B., Taranu M., Tisocco F., Tuominen J., Turk F., Uddin M. K., Uzelac E., Vestergren S., Vilar R., Wang A. H. -E., West J. N., Wu C. K. S., Yaneva T., Yeh Y. -Y., and Lieberoth A.
- Abstract
This N = 173,426 social science dataset was collected through the collaborative COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey – an open science effort to improve understanding of the human experiences of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic between 30th March and 30th May, 2020. The dataset allows a cross-cultural study of psychological and behavioural responses to the Coronavirus pandemic and associated government measures like cancellation of public functions and stay at home orders implemented in many countries. The dataset contains demographic background variables as well as measures of Asian Disease Problem, perceived stress (PSS-10), availability of social provisions (SPS-10), trust in various authorities, trust in governmental measures to contain the virus (OECD trust), personality traits (BFF-15), information behaviours, agreement with the level of government intervention, and compliance with preventive measures, along with a rich pool of exploratory variables and written experiences. A global consortium from 39 countries and regions worked together to build and translate a survey with variables of shared interests, and recruited participants in 47 languages and dialects. Raw plus cleaned data and dynamic visualizations are available.
- Published
- 2021
3. Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries
- Author
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Kowal, M., Sorokowski, P., Pisanski, K., Valentova, J.V., Varella, M.A.C., Frederick, D.A., Al-Shawaf, L., García, F.E., Giammusso, I., Gjoneska, B., Kozma, L., Otterbring, T., Papadatou-Pastou, M., Pfuhl, G., Stöckli, S., Studzinska, A., Toplu-Demirtaş, E., Touloumakos, A.K., Bakos, B.E., Batres, C., Bonneterre, S., Czamanski-Cohen, J., Dacanay, J.C., Deschrijver, E., Fisher, M.L., Grano, C., Grigoryev, D., Kačmár, P., Kozlov, M.V., Manunta, E., Massar, K., McFall, J.P., Mebarak, M., Miccoli, M.R., Milfont, T.L., Prokop, P., Aavik, T., Arriaga, P., Baiocco, R., Čeněk, J., Çetinkaya, H., Duyar, I., Guemaz, F., Ishii, T., Kamburidis, J.A., Khun-Inkeeree, H., Lidborg, L.H., Manor, H., Nussinson, R., Omar-Fauzee, M.S.B., Pazhoohi, F., Ponnet, K., Santos, A.C., Senyk, O., Spasovski, O., Vintila, M., Wang, A.H., Yoo, G., Zerhouni, O., Amin, R., Aquino, S., Boğa, M., Boussena, M., Can, A.R., Can, S., Castro, R., Chirumbolo, A., Çoker, O., Cornec, C., Dural, S., Eder, S.J., Moharrampour, N.G., Grassini, S., Hristova, E., Ikizer, G., Kervyn, N., Koyuncu, M., Kunisato, Y., Lins, S., Mandzyk, T., Mari, S., Mattiassi, A.D.A., Memisoglu-Sanli, A., Morelli, M., Novaes, F.C., Parise, M., Banai, I.P., Perun, M., Plohl, N., Sahli, F.Z., Šakan, D., Smojver-Azić, S., Solak, Ç., Söylemez, S., Toyama, A., Wlodarczyk, A., Yamada, Y., Abad-Villaverde, B., Afhami, R., Akello, G., Alami, N.H., Alma, L., Argyrides, M., Atamtürk, D., Burduli, N., Cardona, S., Carneiro, J., Castañeda, A., Chałatkiewicz, I., Chopik, W.J., Chubinidze, D., Conroy-Beam, D., Contreras-Garduño, J., da Silva, D.R., Don, Y.B., Donato, S., Dubrov, D., Duračková, M., Dutt, S., Ebimgbo, S.O., Estevan, I., Etchezahar, E., Fedor, P., Fekih-Romdhane, F., Frackowiak, T., Galasinska, K., Gargula, Ł., Gelbart, B., Yepes, T.G., Hamdaoui, B., Hromatko, I., Itibi, S.N., Jaforte, L., Janssen, Jose, Jović, Marija, Kertechian, K.S., Khan, F., Kobylarek, A., Koso-Drljević, M., Krasnodębska, A., Križanić, V., Landa-Blanco, M., Mailhos, A., Marot, T., Dorcić, T.M., Martinez-Banfi, M., Yusof, M.R., Mayorga-Lascano, M., Mikuličiūtė, V., Mišetić, K., Musil, B., Najmussaqib, A., Muthu, K.N., Natividade, J.C., Ndukaihe, I.L.G., Nyhus, E.K., Oberzaucher, E., Omar, S.S., Ostaszewski, F., Pacquing, M.C.T., Pagani, A.F., Park, J.H., Pirtskhalava, E., Reips, U.-D., Reyes, M.E.S., Röer, J.P., Şahin, A., Samekin, A., Sargautytė, R., Semenovskikh, T., Siepelmeyer, H., Singh, S., Sołtys, A., Sorokowska, A., Soto-López, R., Sultanova, L., Tamayo-Agudelo, W., Tan, C.-S., Topanova, G.T., Bulut, M.T., Trémolière, B., Tulyakul, S., Türkan, B.N., Urbanek, A., Volkodav, T., Walter, K.V., Yaakob, M.F.M., Zumárraga-Espinosa, M., Kowal, M., Sorokowski, P., Pisanski, K., Valentova, J.V., Varella, M.A.C., Frederick, D.A., Al-Shawaf, L., García, F.E., Giammusso, I., Gjoneska, B., Kozma, L., Otterbring, T., Papadatou-Pastou, M., Pfuhl, G., Stöckli, S., Studzinska, A., Toplu-Demirtaş, E., Touloumakos, A.K., Bakos, B.E., Batres, C., Bonneterre, S., Czamanski-Cohen, J., Dacanay, J.C., Deschrijver, E., Fisher, M.L., Grano, C., Grigoryev, D., Kačmár, P., Kozlov, M.V., Manunta, E., Massar, K., McFall, J.P., Mebarak, M., Miccoli, M.R., Milfont, T.L., Prokop, P., Aavik, T., Arriaga, P., Baiocco, R., Čeněk, J., Çetinkaya, H., Duyar, I., Guemaz, F., Ishii, T., Kamburidis, J.A., Khun-Inkeeree, H., Lidborg, L.H., Manor, H., Nussinson, R., Omar-Fauzee, M.S.B., Pazhoohi, F., Ponnet, K., Santos, A.C., Senyk, O., Spasovski, O., Vintila, M., Wang, A.H., Yoo, G., Zerhouni, O., Amin, R., Aquino, S., Boğa, M., Boussena, M., Can, A.R., Can, S., Castro, R., Chirumbolo, A., Çoker, O., Cornec, C., Dural, S., Eder, S.J., Moharrampour, N.G., Grassini, S., Hristova, E., Ikizer, G., Kervyn, N., Koyuncu, M., Kunisato, Y., Lins, S., Mandzyk, T., Mari, S., Mattiassi, A.D.A., Memisoglu-Sanli, A., Morelli, M., Novaes, F.C., Parise, M., Banai, I.P., Perun, M., Plohl, N., Sahli, F.Z., Šakan, D., Smojver-Azić, S., Solak, Ç., Söylemez, S., Toyama, A., Wlodarczyk, A., Yamada, Y., Abad-Villaverde, B., Afhami, R., Akello, G., Alami, N.H., Alma, L., Argyrides, M., Atamtürk, D., Burduli, N., Cardona, S., Carneiro, J., Castañeda, A., Chałatkiewicz, I., Chopik, W.J., Chubinidze, D., Conroy-Beam, D., Contreras-Garduño, J., da Silva, D.R., Don, Y.B., Donato, S., Dubrov, D., Duračková, M., Dutt, S., Ebimgbo, S.O., Estevan, I., Etchezahar, E., Fedor, P., Fekih-Romdhane, F., Frackowiak, T., Galasinska, K., Gargula, Ł., Gelbart, B., Yepes, T.G., Hamdaoui, B., Hromatko, I., Itibi, S.N., Jaforte, L., Janssen, Jose, Jović, Marija, Kertechian, K.S., Khan, F., Kobylarek, A., Koso-Drljević, M., Krasnodębska, A., Križanić, V., Landa-Blanco, M., Mailhos, A., Marot, T., Dorcić, T.M., Martinez-Banfi, M., Yusof, M.R., Mayorga-Lascano, M., Mikuličiūtė, V., Mišetić, K., Musil, B., Najmussaqib, A., Muthu, K.N., Natividade, J.C., Ndukaihe, I.L.G., Nyhus, E.K., Oberzaucher, E., Omar, S.S., Ostaszewski, F., Pacquing, M.C.T., Pagani, A.F., Park, J.H., Pirtskhalava, E., Reips, U.-D., Reyes, M.E.S., Röer, J.P., Şahin, A., Samekin, A., Sargautytė, R., Semenovskikh, T., Siepelmeyer, H., Singh, S., Sołtys, A., Sorokowska, A., Soto-López, R., Sultanova, L., Tamayo-Agudelo, W., Tan, C.-S., Topanova, G.T., Bulut, M.T., Trémolière, B., Tulyakul, S., Türkan, B.N., Urbanek, A., Volkodav, T., Walter, K.V., Yaakob, M.F.M., and Zumárraga-Espinosa, M.
- Abstract
People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary
- Published
- 2022
4. Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries
- Author
-
Kowal, M, Sorokowski, P, Pisanski, K, Valentova, J, Varella, M, Frederick, D, Al-Shawaf, L, García, F, Giammusso, I, Gjoneska, B, Kozma, L, Otterbring, T, Papadatou-Pastou, M, Pfuhl, G, Stöckli, S, Studzinska, A, Toplu-Demirtaş, E, Touloumakos, A, Bakos, B, Batres, C, Bonneterre, S, Czamanski-Cohen, J, Dacanay, J, Deschrijver, E, Fisher, M, Grano, C, Grigoryev, D, Kačmár, P, Kozlov, M, Manunta, E, Massar, K, Mcfall, J, Mebarak, M, Miccoli, M, Milfont, T, Prokop, P, Aavik, T, Arriaga, P, Baiocco, R, Čeněk, J, Çetinkaya, H, Duyar, I, Guemaz, F, Ishii, T, Kamburidis, J, Khun-Inkeeree, H, Lidborg, L, Manor, H, Nussinson, R, Omar-Fauzee, M, Pazhoohi, F, Ponnet, K, Santos, A, Senyk, O, Spasovski, O, Vintila, M, Wang, A, Yoo, G, Zerhouni, O, Amin, R, Aquino, S, Boğa, M, Boussena, M, Can, A, Can, S, Castro, R, Chirumbolo, A, Çoker, O, Cornec, C, Dural, S, Eder, S, Moharrampour, N, Grassini, S, Hristova, E, Ikizer, G, Kervyn, N, Koyuncu, M, Kunisato, Y, Lins, S, Mandzyk, T, Mari, S, Mattiassi, A, Memisoglu-Sanli, A, Morelli, M, Novaes, F, Parise, M, Banai, I, Perun, M, Plohl, N, Sahli, F, Šakan, D, Smojver-Azic, S, Solak, Ç, Söylemez, S, Toyama, A, Wlodarczyk, A, Yamada, Y, Abad-Villaverde, B, Afhami, R, Akello, G, Alami, N, Alma, L, Argyrides, M, Atamtürk, D, Burduli, N, Cardona, S, Carneiro, J, Castañeda, A, Chałatkiewicz, I, Chopik, W, Chubinidze, D, Conroy-Beam, D, Contreras-Garduño, J, da Silva, D, Don, Y, Donato, S, Dubrov, D, Duračková, M, Dutt, S, Ebimgbo, S, Estevan, I, Etchezahar, E, Fedor, P, Fekih-Romdhane, F, Frackowiak, T, Galasinska, K, Gargula, Ł, Gelbart, B, Yepes, T, Hamdaoui, B, Hromatko, I, Itibi, S, Jaforte, L, Janssen, S, Jovic, M, Kertechian, K, Khan, F, Kobylarek, A, Koso-Drljevic, M, Krasnodębska, A, Križanić, V, Landa-Blanco, M, Mailhos, A, Marot, T, Dorcic, T, Martinez-Banfi, M, Yusof, M, Mayorga-Lascano, M, Mikuličiūtė, V, Mišetić, K, Musil, B, Najmussaqib, A, Muthu, K, Natividade, J, Ndukaihe, I, Nyhus, E, Oberzaucher, E, Omar, S, Ostaszewski, F, Pacquing, M, Pagani, A, Park, J, Pirtskhalava, E, Reips, U, Reyes, M, Röer, J, Şahin, A, Samekin, A, Sargautytė, R, Semenovskikh, T, Siepelmeyer, H, Singh, S, Sołtys, A, Sorokowska, A, Soto-López, R, Sultanova, L, Tamayo-Agudelo, W, Tan, C, Topanova, G, Bulut, M, Trémolière, B, Tulyakul, S, Türkan, B, Urbanek, A, Volkodav, T, Walter, K, Yaakob, M, Zumárraga-Espinosa, M, Kowal, Marta, Sorokowski, Piotr, Pisanski, Katarzyna, Valentova, Jaroslava V., Varella, Marco A. C., Frederick, David A., Al-Shawaf, Laith, García, Felipe E., Giammusso, Isabella, Gjoneska, Biljana, Kozma, Luca, Otterbring, Tobias, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, Pfuhl, Gerit, Stöckli, Sabrina, Studzinska, Anna, Toplu-Demirtaş, Ezgi, Touloumakos, Anna K., Bakos, Bence E., Batres, Carlota, Bonneterre, Solenne, Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna, Dacanay, Jovi C., Deschrijver, Eliane, Fisher, Maryanne L., Grano, Caterina, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Kačmár, Pavol, Kozlov, Mikhail V., Manunta, Efisio, Massar, Karlijn, McFall, Joseph P., Mebarak, Moises, Miccoli, Maria Rosa, Milfont, Taciano L., Prokop, Pavol, Aavik, Toivo, Arriaga, Patrícia, Baiocco, Roberto, Čeněk, Jiří, Çetinkaya, Hakan, Duyar, Izzet, Guemaz, Farida, Ishii, Tatsunori, Kamburidis, Julia A., Khun-Inkeeree, Hareesol, Lidborg, Linda H., Manor, Hagar, Nussinson, Ravit, Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian B., Pazhoohi, Farid, Ponnet, Koen, Santos, Anabela Caetano, Senyk, Oksana, Spasovski, Ognen, Vintila, Mona, Wang, Austin H., Yoo, Gyesook, Zerhouni, Oulmann, Amin, Rizwana, Aquino, Sibele, Boğa, Merve, Boussena, Mahmoud, Can, Ali R., Can, Seda, Castro, Rita, Chirumbolo, Antonio, Çoker, Ogeday, Cornec, Clément, Dural, Seda, Eder, Stephanie J., Moharrampour, Nasim Ghahraman, Grassini, Simone, Hristova, Evgeniya, Ikizer, Gözde, Kervyn, Nicolas, Koyuncu, Mehmet, Kunisato, Yoshihiko, Lins, Samuel, Mandzyk, Tetyana, Mari, Silvia, Mattiassi, Alan D. A., Memisoglu-Sanli, Aybegum, Morelli, Mara, Novaes, Felipe C., Parise, Miriam, Banai, Irena Pavela, Perun, Mariia, Plohl, Nejc, Sahli, Fatima Zahra, Šakan, Dušana, Smojver-Azic, Sanja, Solak, Çağlar, Söylemez, Sinem, Toyama, Asako, Wlodarczyk, Anna, Yamada, Yuki, Abad-Villaverde, Beatriz, Afhami, Reza, Akello, Grace, Alami, Nael H., Alma, Leyla, Argyrides, Marios, Atamtürk, Derya, Burduli, Nana, Cardona, Sayra, Carneiro, João, Castañeda, Andrea, Chałatkiewicz, Izabela, Chopik, William J., Chubinidze, Dimitri, Conroy-Beam, Daniel, Contreras-Garduño, Jorge, da Silva, Diana Ribeiro, Don, Yahya B., Donato, Silvia, Dubrov, Dmitrii, Duračková, Michaela, Dutt, Sanjana, Ebimgbo, Samuel O., Estevan, Ignacio, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Fedor, Peter, Fekih-Romdhane, Feten, Frackowiak, Tomasz, Galasinska, Katarzyna, Gargula, Łukasz, Gelbart, Benjamin, Yepes, Talia Gomez, Hamdaoui, Brahim, Hromatko, Ivana, Itibi, Salome N., Jaforte, Luna, Janssen, Steve M. J., Jovic, Marija, Kertechian, Kevin S., Khan, Farah, Kobylarek, Aleksander, Koso-Drljevic, Maida, Krasnodębska, Anna, Križanić, Valerija, Landa-Blanco, Miguel, Mailhos, Alvaro, Marot, Tiago, Dorcic, Tamara Martinac, Martinez-Banfi, Martha, Yusof, Mat Rahimi, Mayorga-Lascano, Marlon, Mikuličiūtė, Vita, Mišetić, Katarina, Musil, Bojan, Najmussaqib, Arooj, Muthu, Kavitha Nalla, Natividade, Jean C., Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L. G., Nyhus, Ellen K., Oberzaucher, Elisabeth, Omar, Salma S., Ostaszewski, Franciszek, Pacquing, Ma. Criselda T., Pagani, Ariela F., Park, Ju Hee, Pirtskhalava, Ekaterine, Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Reyes, Marc Eric S., Röer, Jan P., Şahin, Ayşegül, Samekin, Adil, Sargautytė, Rūta, Semenovskikh, Tatiana, Siepelmeyer, Henrik, Singh, Sangeeta, Sołtys, Alicja, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Soto-López, Rodrigo, Sultanova, Liliya, Tamayo-Agudelo, William, Tan, Chee-Seng, Topanova, Gulmira T., Bulut, Merve Topcu, Trémolière, Bastien, Tulyakul, Singha, Türkan, Belgüzar N., Urbanek, Arkadiusz, Volkodav, Tatiana, Walter, Kathryn V., Yaakob, Mohd Faiz Mohd, Zumárraga-Espinosa, Marcos, Kowal, M, Sorokowski, P, Pisanski, K, Valentova, J, Varella, M, Frederick, D, Al-Shawaf, L, García, F, Giammusso, I, Gjoneska, B, Kozma, L, Otterbring, T, Papadatou-Pastou, M, Pfuhl, G, Stöckli, S, Studzinska, A, Toplu-Demirtaş, E, Touloumakos, A, Bakos, B, Batres, C, Bonneterre, S, Czamanski-Cohen, J, Dacanay, J, Deschrijver, E, Fisher, M, Grano, C, Grigoryev, D, Kačmár, P, Kozlov, M, Manunta, E, Massar, K, Mcfall, J, Mebarak, M, Miccoli, M, Milfont, T, Prokop, P, Aavik, T, Arriaga, P, Baiocco, R, Čeněk, J, Çetinkaya, H, Duyar, I, Guemaz, F, Ishii, T, Kamburidis, J, Khun-Inkeeree, H, Lidborg, L, Manor, H, Nussinson, R, Omar-Fauzee, M, Pazhoohi, F, Ponnet, K, Santos, A, Senyk, O, Spasovski, O, Vintila, M, Wang, A, Yoo, G, Zerhouni, O, Amin, R, Aquino, S, Boğa, M, Boussena, M, Can, A, Can, S, Castro, R, Chirumbolo, A, Çoker, O, Cornec, C, Dural, S, Eder, S, Moharrampour, N, Grassini, S, Hristova, E, Ikizer, G, Kervyn, N, Koyuncu, M, Kunisato, Y, Lins, S, Mandzyk, T, Mari, S, Mattiassi, A, Memisoglu-Sanli, A, Morelli, M, Novaes, F, Parise, M, Banai, I, Perun, M, Plohl, N, Sahli, F, Šakan, D, Smojver-Azic, S, Solak, Ç, Söylemez, S, Toyama, A, Wlodarczyk, A, Yamada, Y, Abad-Villaverde, B, Afhami, R, Akello, G, Alami, N, Alma, L, Argyrides, M, Atamtürk, D, Burduli, N, Cardona, S, Carneiro, J, Castañeda, A, Chałatkiewicz, I, Chopik, W, Chubinidze, D, Conroy-Beam, D, Contreras-Garduño, J, da Silva, D, Don, Y, Donato, S, Dubrov, D, Duračková, M, Dutt, S, Ebimgbo, S, Estevan, I, Etchezahar, E, Fedor, P, Fekih-Romdhane, F, Frackowiak, T, Galasinska, K, Gargula, Ł, Gelbart, B, Yepes, T, Hamdaoui, B, Hromatko, I, Itibi, S, Jaforte, L, Janssen, S, Jovic, M, Kertechian, K, Khan, F, Kobylarek, A, Koso-Drljevic, M, Krasnodębska, A, Križanić, V, Landa-Blanco, M, Mailhos, A, Marot, T, Dorcic, T, Martinez-Banfi, M, Yusof, M, Mayorga-Lascano, M, Mikuličiūtė, V, Mišetić, K, Musil, B, Najmussaqib, A, Muthu, K, Natividade, J, Ndukaihe, I, Nyhus, E, Oberzaucher, E, Omar, S, Ostaszewski, F, Pacquing, M, Pagani, A, Park, J, Pirtskhalava, E, Reips, U, Reyes, M, Röer, J, Şahin, A, Samekin, A, Sargautytė, R, Semenovskikh, T, Siepelmeyer, H, Singh, S, Sołtys, A, Sorokowska, A, Soto-López, R, Sultanova, L, Tamayo-Agudelo, W, Tan, C, Topanova, G, Bulut, M, Trémolière, B, Tulyakul, S, Türkan, B, Urbanek, A, Volkodav, T, Walter, K, Yaakob, M, Zumárraga-Espinosa, M, Kowal, Marta, Sorokowski, Piotr, Pisanski, Katarzyna, Valentova, Jaroslava V., Varella, Marco A. C., Frederick, David A., Al-Shawaf, Laith, García, Felipe E., Giammusso, Isabella, Gjoneska, Biljana, Kozma, Luca, Otterbring, Tobias, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, Pfuhl, Gerit, Stöckli, Sabrina, Studzinska, Anna, Toplu-Demirtaş, Ezgi, Touloumakos, Anna K., Bakos, Bence E., Batres, Carlota, Bonneterre, Solenne, Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna, Dacanay, Jovi C., Deschrijver, Eliane, Fisher, Maryanne L., Grano, Caterina, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Kačmár, Pavol, Kozlov, Mikhail V., Manunta, Efisio, Massar, Karlijn, McFall, Joseph P., Mebarak, Moises, Miccoli, Maria Rosa, Milfont, Taciano L., Prokop, Pavol, Aavik, Toivo, Arriaga, Patrícia, Baiocco, Roberto, Čeněk, Jiří, Çetinkaya, Hakan, Duyar, Izzet, Guemaz, Farida, Ishii, Tatsunori, Kamburidis, Julia A., Khun-Inkeeree, Hareesol, Lidborg, Linda H., Manor, Hagar, Nussinson, Ravit, Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian B., Pazhoohi, Farid, Ponnet, Koen, Santos, Anabela Caetano, Senyk, Oksana, Spasovski, Ognen, Vintila, Mona, Wang, Austin H., Yoo, Gyesook, Zerhouni, Oulmann, Amin, Rizwana, Aquino, Sibele, Boğa, Merve, Boussena, Mahmoud, Can, Ali R., Can, Seda, Castro, Rita, Chirumbolo, Antonio, Çoker, Ogeday, Cornec, Clément, Dural, Seda, Eder, Stephanie J., Moharrampour, Nasim Ghahraman, Grassini, Simone, Hristova, Evgeniya, Ikizer, Gözde, Kervyn, Nicolas, Koyuncu, Mehmet, Kunisato, Yoshihiko, Lins, Samuel, Mandzyk, Tetyana, Mari, Silvia, Mattiassi, Alan D. A., Memisoglu-Sanli, Aybegum, Morelli, Mara, Novaes, Felipe C., Parise, Miriam, Banai, Irena Pavela, Perun, Mariia, Plohl, Nejc, Sahli, Fatima Zahra, Šakan, Dušana, Smojver-Azic, Sanja, Solak, Çağlar, Söylemez, Sinem, Toyama, Asako, Wlodarczyk, Anna, Yamada, Yuki, Abad-Villaverde, Beatriz, Afhami, Reza, Akello, Grace, Alami, Nael H., Alma, Leyla, Argyrides, Marios, Atamtürk, Derya, Burduli, Nana, Cardona, Sayra, Carneiro, João, Castañeda, Andrea, Chałatkiewicz, Izabela, Chopik, William J., Chubinidze, Dimitri, Conroy-Beam, Daniel, Contreras-Garduño, Jorge, da Silva, Diana Ribeiro, Don, Yahya B., Donato, Silvia, Dubrov, Dmitrii, Duračková, Michaela, Dutt, Sanjana, Ebimgbo, Samuel O., Estevan, Ignacio, Etchezahar, Edgardo, Fedor, Peter, Fekih-Romdhane, Feten, Frackowiak, Tomasz, Galasinska, Katarzyna, Gargula, Łukasz, Gelbart, Benjamin, Yepes, Talia Gomez, Hamdaoui, Brahim, Hromatko, Ivana, Itibi, Salome N., Jaforte, Luna, Janssen, Steve M. J., Jovic, Marija, Kertechian, Kevin S., Khan, Farah, Kobylarek, Aleksander, Koso-Drljevic, Maida, Krasnodębska, Anna, Križanić, Valerija, Landa-Blanco, Miguel, Mailhos, Alvaro, Marot, Tiago, Dorcic, Tamara Martinac, Martinez-Banfi, Martha, Yusof, Mat Rahimi, Mayorga-Lascano, Marlon, Mikuličiūtė, Vita, Mišetić, Katarina, Musil, Bojan, Najmussaqib, Arooj, Muthu, Kavitha Nalla, Natividade, Jean C., Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L. G., Nyhus, Ellen K., Oberzaucher, Elisabeth, Omar, Salma S., Ostaszewski, Franciszek, Pacquing, Ma. Criselda T., Pagani, Ariela F., Park, Ju Hee, Pirtskhalava, Ekaterine, Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Reyes, Marc Eric S., Röer, Jan P., Şahin, Ayşegül, Samekin, Adil, Sargautytė, Rūta, Semenovskikh, Tatiana, Siepelmeyer, Henrik, Singh, Sangeeta, Sołtys, Alicja, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Soto-López, Rodrigo, Sultanova, Liliya, Tamayo-Agudelo, William, Tan, Chee-Seng, Topanova, Gulmira T., Bulut, Merve Topcu, Trémolière, Bastien, Tulyakul, Singha, Türkan, Belgüzar N., Urbanek, Arkadiusz, Volkodav, Tatiana, Walter, Kathryn V., Yaakob, Mohd Faiz Mohd, and Zumárraga-Espinosa, Marcos
- Abstract
People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complement
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- 2022
5. Quantifying the effect of two-point correlations on the effective elasticity of specific classes of random porous materials with and without connectivity
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Zerhouni, O., primary, Brisard, S., additional, and Danas, K., additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey
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Lieberoth, A, Lin, S-Y, Stockli, S, Han, H, Kowal, M, Gelpi, R, Chrona, S, Tran, TP, Jeftic, A, Rasmussen, J, Cakal, H, Milfont, TL, Yamada, Y, Amin, R, Debove, S, Flis, I, Sahin, H, Turk, F, Yeh, Y-Y, Ho, YW, Sikka, P, Delgado-Garcia, G, Lacko, D, Mamede, S, Zerhouni, O, Tuominen, J, Bircan, T, Wang, AH-E, Ikizer, G, Lins, S, Studzinska, A, Uddin, MK, Juarez, FP-G, Chen, F-Y, Sanli, AM, Lys, AE, Reynoso-Alcantara, V, Flores Gonzalez, R, Griffin, AM, Lopez, CRC, Nezkusilova, J, Cepulic, D-B, Aquino, S, Marot, TA, Blackburn, AM, Boullu, L, Bavolar, J, Kacmar, P, Wu, CKS, Areias, JC, Natividade, JC, Mari, S, Ahmed, O, Dranseika, V, Cristofori, I, Coll-Martin, T, Eichel, K, Kumaga, R, Ermagan-Caglar, E, Bamwesigye, D, Tag, B, Contreras-Ibanez, CC, Aruta, JJBR, Naidu, PA, Dilekler, I, Cenek, J, Islam, MN, Ch'ng, B, Sechi, C, Nebel, S, Sayilan, G, Jha, S, Vestergren, S, Ihaya, K, Guillaume, G, Travaglino, GA, Rachev, NR, Hanusz, K, Pirko, M, West, JN, Cyrus-Lai, W, Najmussaqib, A, Romano, E, Noreika, V, Musliu, A, Sungailaite, E, Kosa, M, Lentoor, AG, Sinha, N, Bender, AR, Meshi, D, Bhandari, P, Byrne, G, Kalinova, K, Hubena, B, Ninaus, M, Diaz, C, Scarpaci, A, Koszalkowska, K, Pankowski, D, Yaneva, T, Morales-Izquierdo, S, Uzelac, E, Lee, Y, Hristova, D, Hakim, MA, Deschrijver, E, Kavanagh, PS, Shata, A, Reyna, C, De Leon, GA, Tisocco, F, Mola, DJ, Shani, M, Mahlungulu, S, Ozery, DH, Caniels, MCJ, Correa, PS, Ortiz, MV, Vilar, R, Makaveeva, T, Pummerer, L, Nikolova, I, Bujic, M, Szebeni, Z, Pennato, T, Taranu, M, Martinez, L, Capelos, T, Belaus, A, Dubrov, D, Lieberoth, A, Lin, S-Y, Stockli, S, Han, H, Kowal, M, Gelpi, R, Chrona, S, Tran, TP, Jeftic, A, Rasmussen, J, Cakal, H, Milfont, TL, Yamada, Y, Amin, R, Debove, S, Flis, I, Sahin, H, Turk, F, Yeh, Y-Y, Ho, YW, Sikka, P, Delgado-Garcia, G, Lacko, D, Mamede, S, Zerhouni, O, Tuominen, J, Bircan, T, Wang, AH-E, Ikizer, G, Lins, S, Studzinska, A, Uddin, MK, Juarez, FP-G, Chen, F-Y, Sanli, AM, Lys, AE, Reynoso-Alcantara, V, Flores Gonzalez, R, Griffin, AM, Lopez, CRC, Nezkusilova, J, Cepulic, D-B, Aquino, S, Marot, TA, Blackburn, AM, Boullu, L, Bavolar, J, Kacmar, P, Wu, CKS, Areias, JC, Natividade, JC, Mari, S, Ahmed, O, Dranseika, V, Cristofori, I, Coll-Martin, T, Eichel, K, Kumaga, R, Ermagan-Caglar, E, Bamwesigye, D, Tag, B, Contreras-Ibanez, CC, Aruta, JJBR, Naidu, PA, Dilekler, I, Cenek, J, Islam, MN, Ch'ng, B, Sechi, C, Nebel, S, Sayilan, G, Jha, S, Vestergren, S, Ihaya, K, Guillaume, G, Travaglino, GA, Rachev, NR, Hanusz, K, Pirko, M, West, JN, Cyrus-Lai, W, Najmussaqib, A, Romano, E, Noreika, V, Musliu, A, Sungailaite, E, Kosa, M, Lentoor, AG, Sinha, N, Bender, AR, Meshi, D, Bhandari, P, Byrne, G, Kalinova, K, Hubena, B, Ninaus, M, Diaz, C, Scarpaci, A, Koszalkowska, K, Pankowski, D, Yaneva, T, Morales-Izquierdo, S, Uzelac, E, Lee, Y, Hristova, D, Hakim, MA, Deschrijver, E, Kavanagh, PS, Shata, A, Reyna, C, De Leon, GA, Tisocco, F, Mola, DJ, Shani, M, Mahlungulu, S, Ozery, DH, Caniels, MCJ, Correa, PS, Ortiz, MV, Vilar, R, Makaveeva, T, Pummerer, L, Nikolova, I, Bujic, M, Szebeni, Z, Pennato, T, Taranu, M, Martinez, L, Capelos, T, Belaus, A, and Dubrov, D
- Abstract
The COVIDiSTRESS global survey collects data on early human responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic from 173 429 respondents in 48 countries. The open science study was co-designed by an international consortium of researchers to investigate how psychological responses differ across countries and cultures, and how this has impacted behaviour, coping and trust in government efforts to slow the spread of the virus. Starting in March 2020, COVIDiSTRESS leveraged the convenience of unpaid online recruitment to generate public data. The objective of the present analysis is to understand relationships between psychological responses in the early months of global coronavirus restrictions and help understand how different government measures succeed or fail in changing public behaviour. There were variations between and within countries. Although Western Europeans registered as more concerned over COVID-19, more stressed, and having slightly more trust in the governments' efforts, there was no clear geographical pattern in compliance with behavioural measures. Detailed plots illustrating between-countries differences are provided. Using both traditional and Bayesian analyses, we found that individuals who worried about getting sick worked harder to protect themselves and others. However, concern about the coronavirus itself did not account for all of the variances in experienced stress during the early months of COVID-19 restrictions. More alarmingly, such stress was associated with less compliance. Further, those most concerned over the coronavirus trusted in government measures primarily where policies were strict. While concern over a disease is a source of mental distress, other factors including strictness of protective measures, social support and personal lockdown conditions must also be taken into consideration to fully appreciate the psychological impact of COVID-19 and to understand why some people fail to follow behavioural guidelines intended to protect themselv
- Published
- 2021
7. COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and problematic eating behaviors in a student population
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Flaudias, V., Iceta, S., Zerhouni, O., Rodgers, R. F., Billieux, J., Llorca, P. M., Boudesseul, J., Chazeron, I., Romo, L., Maurage, P., Samalin, L., Bègue, L., Naassila, M., Brousse, G., Guillaume, S., CarMeN, laboratoire, Neuro-Psycho Pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopimanégiques sous-corticaux (NPsy-Sydo), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Laval University Medical center, Centre référent pour l’anorexie et les troubles du comportement alimentaire de Lyon (CREATyon), Hôpital neurologique et neurochirurgical Pierre Wertheimer [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale (LAPPS), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Northeastern University [Boston], Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Universidad de Lima (ULIMA), Clinique, Psychanalyse, Développement (CliPsyD), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Groupe de Recherche sur l'alcool et les pharmacodépendances - UMR INSERM_S 1247 (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Universidad de Lima, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Boudesseul, Jordane
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Adult ,Male ,student ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Pneumonia, Viral ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.01.00 ,COVID-19 pandemic lockdown ,Covid-19 ,Eating Disorders ,Problematic Eating ,Risk Factors ,Undergraduates ,Feeding and Eating Disorders ,Betacoronavirus ,Young Adult ,binge eating ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,College students ,Students ,Pandemics ,problematic eating behaviors ,SARS-CoV-2 ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Alimentación ,Ciencias / Medicina y Salud ,COVID-19 ,Estudiantes universitarios ,Diet ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,eating disorder ,Quarantine ,Female ,France ,Coronavirus Infections - Abstract
Indexado en Scopus Background and aims: Since mid-March 2020, over 3 billion people have been confined as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Problematic eating behaviors are likely to be impacted by the pandemic through multiple pathways. This study examined the relationships between stress related to lockdown measures and binge eating and dietary restriction in a population of French students during the first week of confinement. Methods: A sample of undergraduate students (N = 5,738) completed an online questionnaire 7 days after lockdown measures were introduced. The survey comprised variables related to lockdown measures and the COVID-19-pandemic, mood, stress, body image, binge eating and dietary restriction during the past 7 days, as well as intent to binge eat and restrict in the following 15 days. Results: Stress related to the lockdown was associated with greater likelihood of binge eating and dietary restriction over the past week and intentions to binge eat and restrict over the next 15 days. Greater exposure to COVID-19-related media was associated with increased eating restriction over the past week. Binge eating and restriction (past and intentions) were associated with established risk factors, including female gender, low impulse regulation, high body dissatisfaction, and having a concurrent probable eating disorder. Discussion and conclusion: The higher the stress related to the first week of confinement, the higher the risk of problematic eating behaviors among students, particularly those characterized by eating-related concerns. Screening for risk factors and providing targeted interventions might help decrease problematic eating behaviors among those who are most vulnerable. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Revisión por pares
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- 2020
8. The relationship between gambling advertising and gambling attitudes, intentions and behaviours:a critical and meta-analytic review
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Bouguettaya, A., Lynott, D., Carter, A., Zerhouni, O., Meyer, S., Ladegaard, I., Gardner, J., O'Brien, K.S., Bouguettaya, A., Lynott, D., Carter, A., Zerhouni, O., Meyer, S., Ladegaard, I., Gardner, J., and O'Brien, K.S.
- Abstract
Gambling advertising has become ubiquitous in westernised countries in the last two decades, yet there is little understanding of the relationship between exposure to gambling advertising and gambling attitudes, intentions and behaviour. We conduct a critical and meta-analytic review of the past two decades of empirical research. The research suggests a positive association between exposure to gambling advertising and gambling-related attitudes, intentions and behaviour. The association is greatest for gambling behaviour. There is some evidence for a dose-response relationship. The quality and breadth of research on gambling advertising are weaker than those in comparable areas (e.g., alcohol, tobacco), with an absence of longitudinal and experimental studies. Gaps in, and methodological problems with, the field are discussed, and research directions recommended.
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- 2020
9. Cognitive Bias Modification for Behavior Change in Alcohol and Smoking Addiction:Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data
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Boffo, Marilisa, Zerhouni, O, Gronau, QF, van Beek, RJJ, Nikolaou, K, Marsman, M, Wiers, RW, Boffo, Marilisa, Zerhouni, O, Gronau, QF, van Beek, RJJ, Nikolaou, K, Marsman, M, and Wiers, RW
- Abstract
Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) refers to a family of interventions targeting substance-related cognitive biases, which have been found to play a role in the maintenance of addictive behaviors. In this study, we conducted a Bayesian meta-analysis of individual patient data from studies investigating the effects of CBM as a behavior change intervention for the treatment of alcohol and tobacco use disorders, in individuals aware of the behavior change goal of the studies. Main outcomes included reduction in the targeted cognitive biases after the intervention and in substance use or relapse rate at the short-to-long term follow-up. Additional moderators, both at the study-level (type of addiction and CBM training) and at the participant-level (amount of completed training trials, severity of substance use), were progressively included in a series of hierarchical mixed-effects models. We included 14 studies involving 2435 participants. CBM appeared to have a small effect on cognitive bias (0.23, 95% credible interval = 0.06–0.41) and relapse rate (−0.27, 95% credible interval = −0.68 – 0.22), but not on reduction of substance use. Increased training practice showed a paradoxical moderation effect on relapse, with a relatively lower chance of relapse in the control condition with increased practice, compared to the training condition. All effects were associated with extremely wide 95% credible intervals, which indicate the absence of enough evidence in favor or against a reliable effect of CBM on cognitive bias and relapse rate in alcohol and tobacco use disorders. Besides the need for a larger body of evidence, research on the topic would benefit from a stronger adherence to the current methodological standards in randomized controlled trial design and the systematic investigation of shared protocols of CBM.
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- 2019
10. Experimental homogenized elastic properties of computer-generated 3D-printed random porous material
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Zerhouni, O., Tarantino, M, Danas, K., Laboratoire de mécanique des solides (LMS), École polytechnique (X)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Homogenization ,Additive manufacturing ,[SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph] ,Porous Materials ,Random Sequential Adsorption ,Hashin-Shtrikman bounds ,Effective properties ,Random composites - Abstract
International audience; The present study introduces a methodology that allows for the combination of 3D-printing, experimental testing, numerical and analytical analysis of random porous materials with controlled homogenized elastic properties. These microstructures are computer-generated based on a random sequential addition algorithm with statistically controlled morphological properties such as volume fraction, shape and size of voids as well as isotropic distribution of their centers. We first focus on porous material containing single-size (monodisperse) spherical voids. The porous specimens are fabricated by 3D printing with polymer jet technology and then microstructures are aposteriori investigated by optical microscopy and SEM. The influence of the 3D printing process parameters is also experimentally assessed. An experimental protocol is developed in order to obtain the effective elastic properties of the porous specimens.
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- 2018
11. Numerically-aided 3D printed random isotropic porous materials approaching the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds
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Zerhouni, O., primary, Tarantino, M.G., additional, and Danas, K., additional
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- 2019
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12. Paquet neutre : l’étude qui fait tousser les tabacologues
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Brousse, G., primary, Zerhouni, O., additional, Perriot, J., additional, Bègue, L., additional, and Flaudias, V., additional
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- 2018
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13. A multilab preregistered replication of the ego-depletion effect
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Hagger, Martin S, Hagger, M S, D Chatzisarantis, N L, Alberts, H, Anggono, C O, Batailler, C, Birt, A R, Brandt, M J, Brewer, G, Bruyneel, S, Calvillo, D P, Campbell, W K, Cannon, P R, Carlucci, M, Carruth, N P, Cheung, T, Crowell, A, D De Ridder, D T, Dewitte, S, Elson, M, Evans, J R, Fay, B A, Fennis, B M, Finley, A, Francis, Z, Heise, E, Hoemann, H, Inzlicht, M, Koole, S L, Koppel, L, Kroese, F, Lange, F, Lau, K, Lynch, B P, Martijn, C, Merckelbach, H, Mills, N V, Michirev, A, Miyake, A, Mosser, A E, Muise, M, Muzi, M, Nalis, D, Nurwanti, R, Otgaar, H, Philipp, M C, Primoceri, P, Rentzsch, K, Ringos, L, Schlinkert, C, Schmeichel, B J, Schoch, S F, Schrama, M, Schütz, A, Stamos, A, Tinghög, G, Ullrich, J, VanDellen, M, Wimbarti, S, Wolff, W, Yusainy, C, Zerhouni, O, Zwienenberg, M, Sripada, Chandra, Kessler, Daniel, Baumeister, Roy, Holcombe, Alex O, Leerstoel Ridder, Sub Sociale psychologie, and Stress and self-regulation
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Taverne - Abstract
Good self-control has been linked to adaptive outcomes such as better health, cohesive personal relationships, success in the workplace and at school, and less susceptibility to crime and addictions. In contrast, self-control failure is linked to maladaptive outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms by which self-control predicts behavior may assist in promoting better regulation and outcomes. A popular approach to understanding self-control is the strength or resource depletion model. Self-control is conceptualized as a limited resource that becomes depleted after a period of exertion resulting in self-control failure. The model has typically been tested using a sequential task experimental paradigm, in which people completing an initial self-control task have reduced self-control capacity and poorer performance on a subsequent task, a state known as ego depletion. Although a metaanalysis of ego-depletion experiments found a medium-sized effect, subsequent meta-analyses have questioned the size and existence of the effect and identified instances of possible bias. The analyses served as a catalyst for the current Registered Replication Report of the ego-depletion effect. Multiple laboratories (k = 23, total N =2,141) conducted replications of a standardized ego-depletion protocol based on a sequential-task paradigm by Sripada et al. Meta-analysis of the studies revealed that the size of the ego-depletion effect was small with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that encompassed zero (d = 0.04, 95% CI [−0.07, 0.15]. We discuss implications of the findings for the ego-depletion effect and the resource depletion model of self-control.
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- 2016
14. A multilab preregistered replication of the ego-depletion effect
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Leerstoel Ridder, Sub Sociale psychologie, Stress and self-regulation, Hagger, Martin S, Hagger, M S, D Chatzisarantis, N L, Alberts, H, Anggono, C O, Batailler, C, Birt, A R, Brandt, M J, Brewer, G, Bruyneel, S, Calvillo, D P, Campbell, W K, Cannon, P R, Carlucci, M, Carruth, N P, Cheung, T, Crowell, A, D De Ridder, D T, Dewitte, S, Elson, M, Evans, J R, Fay, B A, Fennis, B M, Finley, A, Francis, Z, Heise, E, Hoemann, H, Inzlicht, M, Koole, S L, Koppel, L, Kroese, F, Lange, F, Lau, K, Lynch, B P, Martijn, C, Merckelbach, H, Mills, N V, Michirev, A, Miyake, A, Mosser, A E, Muise, M, Muzi, M, Nalis, D, Nurwanti, R, Otgaar, H, Philipp, M C, Primoceri, P, Rentzsch, K, Ringos, L, Schlinkert, C, Schmeichel, B J, Schoch, S F, Schrama, M, Schütz, A, Stamos, A, Tinghög, G, Ullrich, J, VanDellen, M, Wimbarti, S, Wolff, W, Yusainy, C, Zerhouni, O, Zwienenberg, M, Sripada, Chandra, Kessler, Daniel, Baumeister, Roy, Holcombe, Alex O, Leerstoel Ridder, Sub Sociale psychologie, Stress and self-regulation, Hagger, Martin S, Hagger, M S, D Chatzisarantis, N L, Alberts, H, Anggono, C O, Batailler, C, Birt, A R, Brandt, M J, Brewer, G, Bruyneel, S, Calvillo, D P, Campbell, W K, Cannon, P R, Carlucci, M, Carruth, N P, Cheung, T, Crowell, A, D De Ridder, D T, Dewitte, S, Elson, M, Evans, J R, Fay, B A, Fennis, B M, Finley, A, Francis, Z, Heise, E, Hoemann, H, Inzlicht, M, Koole, S L, Koppel, L, Kroese, F, Lange, F, Lau, K, Lynch, B P, Martijn, C, Merckelbach, H, Mills, N V, Michirev, A, Miyake, A, Mosser, A E, Muise, M, Muzi, M, Nalis, D, Nurwanti, R, Otgaar, H, Philipp, M C, Primoceri, P, Rentzsch, K, Ringos, L, Schlinkert, C, Schmeichel, B J, Schoch, S F, Schrama, M, Schütz, A, Stamos, A, Tinghög, G, Ullrich, J, VanDellen, M, Wimbarti, S, Wolff, W, Yusainy, C, Zerhouni, O, Zwienenberg, M, Sripada, Chandra, Kessler, Daniel, Baumeister, Roy, and Holcombe, Alex O
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- 2016
15. Development of a flowing He afterglow source for application to a cw machine
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Arianer, J., Cohen, S., Essabaa, S., Frascaria, R., Zerhouni, O., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), De Jager C.W., Ketel T.J., Mulders P.J., Robert, Suzanne, and De Jager C.W.,Ketel T.J.,Mulders P.J.
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[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] - Published
- 1996
16. Comparison of the Effects of Ketamine-Midazolam with Those of Fentanyl-Midazolam on Cortical Somatosensory Evoked Potentials During Major Spine Surgery
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LANGERON, O., primary, LILLE, F., additional, ZERHOUNI, O., additional, ORLIAGUET, G., additional, SAILLANT, G., additional, RIOU, B., additional, and CORIAT, P., additional
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- 1998
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17. Status of the helium afterglow injector for MAMI
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Arianer, J., primary, Cohen, S., additional, Essabaa, S., additional, Frascaria, R., additional, Zerhouni, O., additional, Szeremeta, F., additional, Wurzinger, R., additional, and Aulenbacher, K., additional
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- 1998
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18. Comparison of the effects of ketamine-midazolam with those of fentanyl-midazolam on cortical somatosensory evoked potentials during major spine surgery
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Langeron, O, primary, Lille, F, additional, Zerhouni, O, additional, Orliaguet, G, additional, Saillant, G, additional, Riou, B, additional, and Coriat, P, additional
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- 1997
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19. A flowing afterglow as a polarized electron source
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Arianer, J., primary, Cohen, S., additional, Essabaa, S., additional, Frascaria, R., additional, and Zerhouni, O., additional
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- 1996
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20. Latest results of the Orsay polarized electron source
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Cohen, S., primary, Arianer, J., additional, Essabaa, S., additional, Frascaria, R., additional, and Zerhouni, O., additional
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- 1995
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21. Study of the metastable helium spin polarization in an optically pumped afterglow
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Essabaa, S., primary, Schearer, L.D., additional, Arianer, J., additional, Brissaud, I., additional, Humblot, H., additional, and Zerhouni, O., additional
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- 1994
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22. Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries
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Marta Kowal, Piotr Sorokowski, Katarzyna Pisanski, Jaroslava V. Valentova, Marco A.C. Varella, David A. Frederick, Laith Al-Shawaf, Felipe E. García, Isabella Giammusso, Biljana Gjoneska, Luca Kozma, Tobias Otterbring, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Gerit Pfuhl, Sabrina Stöckli, Anna Studzinska, Ezgi Toplu-Demirtaş, Anna K. Touloumakos, Bence E. Bakos, Carlota Batres, Solenne Bonneterre, Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Jovi C. Dacanay, Eliane Deschrijver, Maryanne L. Fisher, Caterina Grano, Dmitry Grigoryev, Pavol Kačmár, Mikhail V. Kozlov, Efisio Manunta, Karlijn Massar, Joseph P. McFall, Moises Mebarak, Maria Rosa Miccoli, Taciano L. Milfont, Pavol Prokop, Toivo Aavik, Patrícia Arriaga, Roberto Baiocco, Jiří Čeněk, Hakan Çetinkaya, Izzet Duyar, Farida Guemaz, Tatsunori Ishii, Julia A. Kamburidis, Hareesol Khun-Inkeeree, Linda H. Lidborg, Hagar Manor, Ravit Nussinson, Mohd Sofian B. Omar-Fauzee, Farid Pazhoohi, Koen Ponnet, Anabela Caetano Santos, Oksana Senyk, Ognen Spasovski, Mona Vintila, Austin H. Wang, Gyesook Yoo, Oulmann Zerhouni, Rizwana Amin, Sibele Aquino, Merve Boğa, Mahmoud Boussena, Ali R. Can, Seda Can, Rita Castro, Antonio Chirumbolo, Ogeday Çoker, Clément Cornec, Seda Dural, Stephanie J. Eder, Nasim Ghahraman Moharrampour, Simone Grassini, Evgeniya Hristova, Gözde Ikizer, Nicolas Kervyn, Mehmet Koyuncu, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Samuel Lins, Tetyana Mandzyk, Silvia Mari, Alan D.A. Mattiassi, Aybegum Memisoglu-Sanli, Mara Morelli, Felipe C. Novaes, Miriam Parise, Irena Pavela Banai, Mariia Perun, Nejc Plohl, Fatima Zahra Sahli, Dušana Šakan, Sanja Smojver-Azic, Çağlar Solak, Sinem Söylemez, Asako Toyama, Anna Wlodarczyk, Yuki Yamada, Beatriz Abad-Villaverde, Reza Afhami, Grace Akello, Nael H. Alami, Leyla Alma, Marios Argyrides, Derya Atamtürk, Nana Burduli, Sayra Cardona, João Carneiro, Andrea Castañeda, Izabela Chałatkiewicz, William J. Chopik, Dimitri Chubinidze, Daniel Conroy-Beam, Jorge Contreras-Garduño, Diana Ribeiro da Silva, Yahya B. Don, Silvia Donato, Dmitrii Dubrov, Michaela Duračková, Sanjana Dutt, Samuel O. Ebimgbo, Ignacio Estevan, Edgardo Etchezahar, Peter Fedor, Feten Fekih-Romdhane, Tomasz Frackowiak, Katarzyna Galasinska, Łukasz Gargula, Benjamin Gelbart, Talia Gomez Yepes, Brahim Hamdaoui, Ivana Hromatko, Salome N. Itibi, Luna Jaforte, Steve M.J. Janssen, Marija Jovic, Kevin S. Kertechian, Farah Khan, Aleksander Kobylarek, Maida Koso-Drljevic, Anna Krasnodębska, Valerija Križanić, Miguel Landa-Blanco, Alvaro Mailhos, Tiago Marot, Tamara Martinac Dorcic, Martha Martinez-Banfi, Mat Rahimi Yusof, Marlon Mayorga-Lascano, Vita Mikuličiūtė, Katarina Mišetić, Bojan Musil, Arooj Najmussaqib, Kavitha Nalla Muthu, Jean C. Natividade, Izuchukwu L.G. Ndukaihe, Ellen K. Nyhus, Elisabeth Oberzaucher, Salma S. Omar, Franciszek Ostaszewski, Ma. Criselda T. Pacquing, Ariela F. Pagani, Ju Hee Park, Ekaterine Pirtskhalava, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Marc Eric S. Reyes, Jan P. Röer, Ayşegül Şahin, Adil Samekin, Rūta Sargautytė, Tatiana Semenovskikh, Henrik Siepelmeyer, Sangeeta Singh, Alicja Sołtys, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Rodrigo Soto-López, Liliya Sultanova, William Tamayo-Agudelo, Chee-Seng Tan, Gulmira T. Topanova, Merve Topcu Bulut, Bastien Trémolière, Singha Tulyakul, Belgüzar N. Türkan, Arkadiusz Urbanek, Tatiana Volkodav, Kathryn V. Walter, Mohd Faiz Mohd Yaakob, Marcos Zumárraga-Espinosa, Kowal, M, Sorokowski, P, Pisanski, K, Valentova, J, Varella, M, Frederick, D, Al-Shawaf, L, García, F, Giammusso, I, Gjoneska, B, Kozma, L, Otterbring, T, Papadatou-Pastou, M, Pfuhl, G, Stöckli, S, Studzinska, A, Toplu-Demirtaş, E, Touloumakos, A, Bakos, B, Batres, C, Bonneterre, S, Czamanski-Cohen, J, Dacanay, J, Deschrijver, E, Fisher, M, Grano, C, Grigoryev, D, Kačmár, P, Kozlov, M, Manunta, E, Massar, K, Mcfall, J, Mebarak, M, Miccoli, M, Milfont, T, Prokop, P, Aavik, T, Arriaga, P, Baiocco, R, Čeněk, J, Çetinkaya, H, Duyar, I, Guemaz, F, Ishii, T, Kamburidis, J, Khun-Inkeeree, H, Lidborg, L, Manor, H, Nussinson, R, Omar-Fauzee, M, Pazhoohi, F, Ponnet, K, Santos, A, Senyk, O, Spasovski, O, Vintila, M, Wang, A, Yoo, G, Zerhouni, O, Amin, R, Aquino, S, Boğa, M, Boussena, M, Can, A, Can, S, Castro, R, Chirumbolo, A, Çoker, O, Cornec, C, Dural, S, Eder, S, Moharrampour, N, Grassini, S, Hristova, E, Ikizer, G, Kervyn, N, Koyuncu, M, Kunisato, Y, Lins, S, Mandzyk, T, Mari, S, Mattiassi, A, Memisoglu-Sanli, A, Morelli, M, Novaes, F, Parise, M, Banai, I, Perun, M, Plohl, N, Sahli, F, Šakan, D, Smojver-Azic, S, Solak, Ç, Söylemez, S, Toyama, A, Wlodarczyk, A, Yamada, Y, Abad-Villaverde, B, Afhami, R, Akello, G, Alami, N, Alma, L, Argyrides, M, Atamtürk, D, Burduli, N, Cardona, S, Carneiro, J, Castañeda, A, Chałatkiewicz, I, Chopik, W, Chubinidze, D, Conroy-Beam, D, Contreras-Garduño, J, da Silva, D, Don, Y, Donato, S, Dubrov, D, Duračková, M, Dutt, S, Ebimgbo, S, Estevan, I, Etchezahar, E, Fedor, P, Fekih-Romdhane, F, Frackowiak, T, Galasinska, K, Gargula, Ł, Gelbart, B, Yepes, T, Hamdaoui, B, Hromatko, I, Itibi, S, Jaforte, L, Janssen, S, Jovic, M, Kertechian, K, Khan, F, Kobylarek, A, Koso-Drljevic, M, Krasnodębska, A, Križanić, V, Landa-Blanco, M, Mailhos, A, Marot, T, Dorcic, T, Martinez-Banfi, M, Yusof, M, Mayorga-Lascano, M, Mikuličiūtė, V, Mišetić, K, Musil, B, Najmussaqib, A, Muthu, K, Natividade, J, Ndukaihe, I, Nyhus, E, Oberzaucher, E, Omar, S, Ostaszewski, F, Pacquing, M, Pagani, A, Park, J, Pirtskhalava, E, Reips, U, Reyes, M, Röer, J, Şahin, A, Samekin, A, Sargautytė, R, Semenovskikh, T, Siepelmeyer, H, Singh, S, Sołtys, A, Sorokowska, A, Soto-López, R, Sultanova, L, Tamayo-Agudelo, W, Tan, C, Topanova, G, Bulut, M, Trémolière, B, Tulyakul, S, Türkan, B, Urbanek, A, Volkodav, T, Walter, K, Yaakob, M, Zumárraga-Espinosa, M, UCL - SSH/LouRIM - Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, RS: FPN WSP II, and Section Applied Social Psychology
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Objectification Theory ,REDES SOCIAIS ,SEX-DIFFERENCES ,Self-modification ,Evolution ,Humanidades::Outras Humanidades [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Facial Attractiveness ,Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Social Sciences ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Evolutionary Perspective ,Self-Objectification ,Pathogen stress ,EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ,Social media usage ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Behavior and Systematics ,ddc:150 ,Womens Body-Image ,Mating market perspective ,Ciências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas [Domínio/Área Científica] ,WOMENS BODY-IMAGE ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,OBJECTIFICATION THEORY ,M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE ,Evolutionary theory ,Appearance ,Gender-Role ,Ecology ,MATE PREFERENCES ,Samfunnsvitenskap: 200 [VDP] ,Mate Preferences ,PERSONAL ORNAMENTS ,SELF-OBJECTIFICATION ,GENDER-ROLE ,Settore M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE ,Social Media Use ,SOCIAL MEDIA USE ,Sex-Differences ,VDP::Samfunnsvitenskap: 200 ,FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS ,Ciências Naturais::Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Pathogen stre ,Personal Ornaments - Abstract
People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives., National Science Center, Poland [2019/33/N/HS6/00054]; Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University); Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF; FCT [UID/PSI/03125/2021, SFRH/BD/126304/2016]; UTAR Research Centre Excellence Award; Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman [2019 -CAP (6401/0019)], This work is the result of the research project funded by the National Science Center, Poland (2019/33/N/HS6/00054). Dmitry Grigoryev was supported by the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University).; Dmitrii Dubrov was supported by the Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF.; Patricia Arriaga was supported by the FCT through funds from the research center UID/PSI/03125/2021. Anabela C. Santos was supported by the FCT through funds from a PhD grant SFRH/BD/126304/2016. Kavitha Nalla Muthu and Chee-Seng Tan were supported by the UTAR Research Centre Excellence Award 2019 -CAP (6401/0019) from the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.
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- 2022
23. Feasibility and Engagement of a Mobile App Preparation Program (Kwit) for Smoking Cessation in an Ecological Context: Quantitative Study.
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Bustamante Perez LA, Romo L, and Zerhouni O
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- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Feasibility Studies, Motivation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Program Evaluation methods, Mobile Applications statistics & numerical data, Mobile Applications standards, Smoking Cessation methods, Smoking Cessation psychology, Smoking Cessation statistics & numerical data
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Background: Mobile health apps can facilitate access to effective treatment and therapeutic information services. However, the real-world effectiveness of mobile apps for smoking cessation and their potential impact in everyday settings remain unclear., Objective: In an ecological context, this study aimed to estimate the engagement rate of a mobile app-based smoking cessation preparation program and its potential impact on users' willingness, ability, and readiness to quit smoking., Methods: A total of 2331 "organic users" (ie, users who discover and install a mobile app on their own, without any prompts) chose 1 of 2 program versions of the mobile app (Kwit): the basic version or the premium version. Both versions were identical in design, with 4 more evidence-based content items and strategies in the premium version. Outcomes were analyzed based on automated data registered in the app (engagement rate, motivation to quit, motivation type, motivation levels, and satisfaction level). Mann-Whitney and χ
2 tests were used to compare the results of both groups., Results: As expected, in the ecological context, a high dropout rate was observed at different moments. A significant difference was observed between the 2 versions (n=2331; χ2 1 =5.4; P=.02), with a proportionally higher engagement rate in the premium version (premium=4.7% vs basic=2%). Likewise, differences were also observed between the 2 groups in terms of reasons to quit (n=2331; χ2 4 =19; P≤.001; V=0.08), motivation type (n=2331; χ2 7 =14.7; P=.04), and motivation level. Users of the app's premium version more frequently reported "well-being" (23.3% vs 17.9%) and "planning a pregnancy" (7.4% vs 4.4%) as their primary reasons for quitting smoking compared to those with the basic version. Moreover, they reported being more likely to be driven in the smoking cessation process by intrinsic motivation (premium=28% vs basic=20.4%), as well as feeling significantly more willing (z score=156,055; P≤.001; Cohen d=0.15), able (z score=172,905; P=.04; Cohen d=0.09), and ready (z score=166,390; P=.005; Cohen d=0.12) to stop smoking than users who had the basic version before completion of the preparation program. Among participants who finished each version of the program (premium: 9/189, 4.8%; basic: 47/2142, 2.19%), significant improvements in motivation levels were observed in both groups, although in different areas for each group (willingness levels for the premium group and ability for the basic group)., Conclusions: These results suggest that even in ecological contexts where engagement rates are meager, the Kwit preparation program can address ambivalence by increasing willingness to change, self-confidence, and readiness to quit among its users, especially those who feel less able to do so. Further development and evaluations are needed to better understand determinants for regular mobile health apps., (©Luz Adriana Bustamante Perez, Lucia Romo, Oulmann Zerhouni. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (https://mhealth.jmir.org), 02.10.2024.)- Published
- 2024
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24. The Influence of Billboard-Based Tobacco Prevention Posters on Memorization, Attitudes, and Craving: Immersive Virtual Reality Study.
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Bonneterre S, Zerhouni O, and Boffo M
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- Humans, Female, Male, Young Adult, Adolescent, Adult, Craving, Health Promotion methods, Advertising methods, Posters as Topic, Smoking Prevention methods, Virtual Reality
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Background: Health prevention campaigns often face challenges in reaching their target audience and achieving the desired impact on health behaviors. These campaigns, particularly those aimed at reducing tobacco use, require rigorous evaluation methods to assess their effectiveness., Objective: This study aims to use immersive virtual reality (iVR) to systematically evaluate recall, attitudinal, and craving responses to antitobacco prevention messages when presented in a realistic virtual environment, thereby exploring the potential of iVR as a novel tool to improve the effectiveness of public health campaigns., Methods: A total of 121 undergraduate students (mean age 19.6, SD 3.7 years), mostly female (n=99, 82.5%), were invited to take a guided walk in the virtual environment, where they were randomly exposed to a different ratio of prevention and general advertising posters (80/20 or 20/80) depending on the experimental condition. Participants' gaze was tracked throughout the procedure, and outcomes were assessed after the iVR exposure., Results: Incidental exposure to antitobacco prevention and general advertising posters did not significantly alter attitudes toward tobacco. Memorization of prevention posters was unexpectedly better in the condition where advertising was more frequent (β=-6.15; P<.001), and high contrast between poster types led to a better memorization of the less frequent type. Despite a nonsignificant trend, directing attention to prevention posters slightly improved their memorization (β=.02; P=.07). In addition, the duration of exposure to prevention posters relative to advertisements negatively affected memorization of advertising posters (β=-2.30; P=.01)., Conclusions: Although this study did not find significant changes in attitudes toward tobacco after exposure to prevention campaigns using iVR, the technology does show promise as an evaluation tool. To fully evaluate the use of iVR in public health prevention strategies, future research should examine different types of content, longer exposure durations, and different contexts., Trial Registration: Open Science Framework E3YK7; https://osf.io/e3yk7., (©Solenne Bonneterre, Oulmann Zerhouni, Marilisa Boffo. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 09.07.2024.)
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- 2024
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25. Preventing new substance use behaviors in youth: evaluation of a two-year comprehensive program.
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Zerhouni O, Loisy S, Bouthier R, and Flaudias V
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Introduction: The Avenir Santé Association implemented a comprehensive prevention program targeting the consumption of the emerging psychoactive substances ecstasy (MDMA), cannabidiol (CBD), and nitrous oxide (N
2 O)., Methods: The program was evaluated through four actions: (i) training for association workers ( n = 84) (ii) on-site student party interventions ( n = 248), (iii) social network-based prevention ( n = 186), and (iv) provision of prevention tools for party organizers ( n = 148)., Results: Results showed a significant increase in understanding of emerging substances among association workers, with a pre-training score of M = 15.76 (SD = 3.65) and a post-training score of M = 18.29 (SD = 2.50). Increased awareness and reflective attitudes toward substance use were observed among young people participating in field actions, with pre- and post-intervention scores for MDMA use intentions being M = 15.89 (SD = 4.60) and M = 19.17 (SD = 3.33), respectively. Similarly, awareness of CBD effects increased from M = 14.18 (SD = 4.14) to M = 17.60 (SD = 3.31). Exposure to Instagram posts on N2 O led to more negative attitudes toward N2 O among young people, with a significant change in scores from M = 8.16 (SD = 1.57) to M = 8.42 (SD = 1.26). However, exposure to a website providing information about emerging substances did not produce any significant effect., Discussion: In conclusion, this initiative underscores the usefulness of facilitator training, field interventions, and certain online information strategies for substance judgment and usage intentions. Future prevention programs can advantageously incorporate these actions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zerhouni, Loisy, Bouthier and Flaudias.)- Published
- 2024
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26. Emotional Dysregulation, Shame and Guilt Predict Severity of Gambling Among a Population of Gamblers.
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Tessier S, Romo L, and Zerhouni O
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, France, Emotional Regulation, Behavior, Addictive psychology, Severity of Illness Index, Internal-External Control, Gambling psychology, Guilt, Shame
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Over the last few years, gambling has diversified, particularly with the arrival of legislation authorizing online gambling in 2010 in France. Psychology has been very interested in emotional regulation strategies, and more recently and more sparsely in the presence of shame and guilt. Through an observational study (N = 1955) shame, guilt, and emotional regulation were assessed among gamblers. We found that (i) Less guilt is associated with problem gambling, (ii) Shame-proneness is similar regardless of the type of gamblers, (iii) Every facet of emotion regulation indicates less effective strategies for problem gamblers excepted for a behavior oriented to a goal. These results suggest the importance of shame or guilt as predictors of problem gambling, as well as processes underlying emotion regulation., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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27. Intimate Partner Violence During Lockdown: The Potent Influence of Stress and Authoritarian Beliefs.
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Bonneterre S, Zerhouni O, and Lepage J
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COVID-19 pandemic caused several lockdowns in most countries, enclosing together perpetrators and victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Our study investigates psychological mechanisms associated with IPV. We supposed that stress provoked by the pandemic, as well as adhering to authoritarian beliefs will be a predictor of IPV. Using an online questionnaire, 1,659 individuals indicated whether they had been victim or witnessed IPV at home and filled a perceived stress scale, anxiety, depression, and aggressiveness scales. They were also asked to fill an authoritarianism scale, how they cope with the lockdown situations, and some demographical information. We found that individuals who were victims or witnesses of IPV during the COVID-19 lockdowns tended to have more difficulty isolating at home or to hold stronger authoritarian beliefs. Importantly, the association between authoritarian beliefs and IPV was moderated by perceived stress, suggesting that individuals who hold authoritarian views may be more affected by stress, which could increase the risk of experiencing or witnessing IPV. IPV incidents during the pandemic lockdowns may be partially explained by perceived stress, which is amplified by authoritarian attitudes. Further discussions on the causes of IPV and interventions are suggested., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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28. Virtual reality efficiency as exposure therapy for alcohol use: A systematic literature review.
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Nègre F, Lemercier-Dugarin M, Kahn-Lewin C, Gomet R, Zerdazi EM, Zerhouni O, and Romo L
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- Adult, Male, Humans, Alcohol Drinking therapy, Craving, Alcoholism therapy, Implosive Therapy, Virtual Reality, Alcoholic Intoxication
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Virtual reality is an immersive technology that can be used as a tool in the treatment of disorders linked to substance use disorders, such as alcohol use disorder. This systematic review of the literature examines the effectiveness of virtual reality as exposure therapy for heavy social drinkers, defined as people who regularly consume alcohol in a variety of social contexts, with or without a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder. The current review includes ten studies with a total of 377 participants. Most participants were adult men (61.03%), with an age average of 44.1 years [± 7.42] and alcohol use ranging from light to heavy. Although studies show heterogeneous results, the use of virtual reality cue exposure therapies has shown greater improvement in terms of craving reduction for patients suffering from alcohol use disorder. Studies have also shown that the realism of the virtual environment can influence levels of craving and anxiety, both in heavy social drinkers. In addition, the use of virtual reality has proven to increase feeling of self-efficacy and decrease the tendency to engage in automatic drinking behaviors. However, the review also mentions the necessity of larger research to determine the efficiency of virtual reality as a therapeutic treatment for alcohol use disorder, whilst considering comorbidities and treatment background, especially for resistant patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2023
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29. Impact of uncertainty intolerance on clinical reasoning: A scoping review of the 21st-century literature.
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Brun C, Zerhouni O, Akinyemi A, Houtin L, Monvoisin R, and Pinsault N
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- Humans, Uncertainty, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Prescriptions, Clinical Reasoning, Problem Solving
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RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Clinical reasoning is currently extensively studied to find out how to make proper diagnoses. Literature indicates that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) may have a strong negative impact on clinical reasoning. We summarize the various consequences of IU on clinical reasoning., Methods: A scoping review was conducted using relevant keywords to scientific databases (i.e., Google Scholar, Medline, PsycINFO and PBSC) from September to November 2021. Complementary research included relevant articles and articles retrieved through Google Scholar's alert system. We included articles about healthcare professionals as defined by the French Public Health Code (As defined here: https://www.vie-publique.fr/fiches/37855-categories-de-professionnels-de-sante-code-se-la-sante-publique), and articles reporting on the impact of IU or uncertainty management on clinical reasoning., Results: We retrieved 1853 articles, of which 8 were kept for final analysis considering our inclusion criteria. Two behaviour categories were affected by uncertainty intolerance: investigative and prescriptive behaviours. Regarding the investigation process, mismanagement of uncertainty appeared to lead to reasoning bias, potentially resulting in diagnostic errors. IU was associated with withholding information, more referrals to peers and less use of new medical interventions. Regarding prescription behaviours, IU among health professionals could lead to overprescribing unnecessary or dangerous tests. IU was also associated with more antibiotic prescriptions for conditions where antibiotics are to be used carefully., Conclusion: Few studies have yet addressed the impact of IU on clinical reasoning. IU's influence is primarily observed on investigative and prescribing behaviours. More studies are needed to fully understand the impact of IU on clinical reasoning itself, and not only on practical consequences., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2023
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30. The effects of exposure to social media images of thin and average size women on body satisfaction among young women: Emotion regulation and self-efficacy as modulating factors.
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Zerhouni O, Flaudias V, Barré M, and Rodgers RF
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- Female, Humans, Young Adult, Adult, Personal Satisfaction, Body Image psychology, Thinness psychology, Self Efficacy, Social Media, Emotional Regulation
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Although appearance comparison has emerged as an important mechanism underlying the detrimental effects of exposure to idealized social media images on body image among young women, little is known regarding the role of the direction of these comparisons. In addition, to date, little attention has been paid to the role of self-regulation processes in these effects. A sample of 260 female students (M
age = 19.6) from a University in Paris completed an online survey where they were randomly assigned to view thin-ideal or average size social media images of women. Participants reported on state body satisfaction before and after exposure, as well as state appearance comparison and direction of appearance comparison, and trait emotion regulation difficulties and self-efficacy. Findings revealed no main effect of condition. However, among participants who engaged in upwards appearance comparison the thin-ideal condition was associated with greater decreases in body satisfaction. In addition, three-way interactions revealed that emotional regulation difficulties and self-efficacy both further moderated these effects. These findings suggest that self-regulation processes may be important to account for in the effects of exposure to social media images on body satisfaction among young women., Competing Interests: Declarations of interest None., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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31. Workplace Aesthetic Appreciation and Exhaustion in a COVID-19 Vaccination Center: The Role of Positive Affects and Interest in Art.
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Scrima F, Foddai E, Hamel JF, Carrein-Lerouge C, Codou O, Montalan B, Vallée B, Zerhouni O, Rioux L, and Marchesa P
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- Humans, COVID-19 Vaccines, Cross-Sectional Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vaccination, Esthetics, Workplace psychology, COVID-19 epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Recently, workers employed in vaccination points around the world have been subjected to very high workloads to counter the progress of the COVID-19 epidemic. This workload has a negative effect on their well-being. Environmental psychology studies have shown how the physical characteristics of the workplace environment can influence employees' well-being. Furthermore, studies in the psychology of art show how art can improve the health of individuals., Objectives: The aim of this research was to test a moderated mediation model to verify how appreciation of workplace aesthetics can impact the level of exhaustion of staff working in a vaccination center, the mediating role of positive and negative affects, and the moderating role of interest in art., Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 274 workers (physicians, nurses, reception, and administrative staff) working in the same vaccination center in Italy. Participants answered a self-report questionnaire during a rest break. We used a cross-sectional design., Results: The results show that appreciation of workplace aesthetics impacts employees' level of exhaustion. This relationship is mediated by positive and negative affects, and interest in art moderates the relationship between positive affects and exhaustion., Conclusions: These findings indicate the central role of workplace aesthetics in influencing healthcare workers' well-being, and how interest in art can reduce exhaustion levels. Practical implications of the results are discussed.
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- 2022
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32. Intolerance of Uncertainty and Attitudes towards Vaccination Impact Vaccinal Decision While Perceived Uncertainty Does Not.
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Brun C, Akinyemi A, Houtin L, Zerhouni O, Monvoisin R, and Pinsault N
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The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) can hinder problem-solving and lead to avoidance of ambiguous situations. Furthermore, people tend to lack confidence in decisions made in ambiguous contexts. We wanted to investigate the impact of IU on intentions to get vaccinated, to vaccinate one's children, and to recommend the vaccine in situations with varying degrees of perceived uncertainty. We first conducted a pretest to select six scenarios with different levels of perceived uncertainty. In the core study, 485 participants answered for each of the six scenarios whether they would get vaccinated, vaccinate their children (or imagine doing so, for individuals without children), and whether they would recommend the vaccine. They also completed the IUS-12 (Intolerance of Uncertainty scale) and the VAX (Vaccination Attitudes Examination). Results showed that perceived uncertainty did not influence our measures, but the IUS-12 and VAX predicted the difference in score between the most and least uncertain scenarios. An indirect effect of the IUS-12 on decision confidence through the VAX was found, but with no direct effect. We conclude that, even if future studies should refine these results, Public Policies should be more focused on factors such as IU and attitudes toward vaccination.
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- 2022
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33. High Stress Levels and Trust toward the Government Are Associated with More Positive Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccines among French Students: A Pilot Study.
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Brun C, Zerhouni O, Houtin L, Akinyemi A, Aimé-Jubin C, Boudesseul J, and Pinsault N
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Mistrust in COVID-19 vaccines may hinder vaccination campaigns. We looked at cognitive determinants of vaccination intentions against COVID-19. We were interested in (i) the effects of stress and (ii) the effects of self-protection systems on attitudes and intentions to get COVID-19 vaccines. We conducted an online observational pilot study with 203 participants and used self-report questionnaires to assess perceived stress and vulnerability to disease, beliefs about a dangerous world, pandemic-related stressors, living conditions, attitudes and intentions toward the vaccines and trust in government management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants reporting high levels of trust in government and high levels of stress were more likely to have positive attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines, although these two effects are at least partially independent of each other. We discuss how to improve the communication around COVID-19 vaccine policies.
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- 2022
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34. Psychological distress mediates the connection between sleep deprivation and physical fighting in adolescents.
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Bègue L, Nguyen DT, Vezirian K, Zerhouni O, and Bricout VA
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- Adolescent, Humans, Schools, Sleep, Psychological Distress, Sleep Deprivation epidemiology
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Lack of sleep is common in adolescence, and represents an important threat to adolescents' well-being, academic commitment, and general health. It also has significant behavioral consequences through an increased likelihood of interpersonal violence. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between aggressive behavior and lack of sleep, but the psychological mediators remain completely unexplored. Grounded in the General Aggression Model, we investigated the affective pathway as one of the potential mechanisms linking lack of sleep and aggression. We hypothesized and showed that psychological distress is an intermediary phenomenon linking lack of sleep and physical aggression. Based on a school sample of 11,912 participants (median age: 14.5), we observed that 23.7% of the young people admitted having been involved in physical fighting on one or more occasions, and that 25.81% were in sleep debt when referred for medical assessment. We analyzed the relationship between sleep duration and physical fighting and the mediating link of psychological distress by performing multiple regressions in the components' paths. The results showed that the adolescents' amount of sleep appeared to be a significant predictor of physical fighting, and that this relationship was partially mediated by psychological distress. These results are consistent with the General Aggression Model, and represent the first empirical confirmation that psychological distress symptoms partially mediate the connection between lack of sleep and physical aggression., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2022
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35. Authoritarian attitudes are associated with higher autonomic reactivity to stress and lower recovery.
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Lepage J, Bègue L, Zerhouni O, Dambrun M, Vezirian K, Besson T, Bonneterre S, and Mermillod M
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- Aggression, Humans, Prejudice, Social Dominance, Attitude, Authoritarianism
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Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) both predict generalized prejudice, dehumanization, intergroup discrimination, oppression, violence, right-wing political party preference, and generally punitive attitudes. Authoritarian attitudes have been theorized to involve maladaptive emotional, cognitive, and social self-regulation. However, there is no study of authoritarianism using the functioning of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) as a physiological index of self-regulation, thus leaving it unclear whether regulation is "impaired" with authoritarian attitudes per se. PNS functioning is commonly assessed by examining tonic and phasic heart rate variability (HRV). These two components are recognized to be important in terms of adaptation to stress. Decreased HRV has been associated with hypoactive prefrontal regulation, hyperactive subcortical structures, maladaptive self-regulation, hyper-vigilance, decreased prosocial tendencies, defensiveness, impulsive behaviors, and aggression. Previous research suggests that self-regulatory failure may favor hostile attitudes and prejudicial intergroup behaviors. In a first study, we found that high RWA was associated with lower tonic HRV at rest. In a second study, stress-induced autonomic reactivity and poststress autonomic recovery were examined as potential pathways linking authoritarian attitudes to self-regulation. We found that high RWA and high SDO were associated with (i) lower tonic HRV during stress, (ii) greater autonomic reactivity during stress, and (iii) lower autonomic recovery. Overall, our results suggest that autonomic dysregulation during and following stress is a plausible physiological pathway connecting RWA and SDO to self-regulation. Implications of such results for research on political attitudes are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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- 2022
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36. Evaluation of a Smartphone Application on the Reduction of Attentional Bias Toward Alcohol Among Students † .
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Flaudias V, Zerhouni O, Chakroun-Baggioni N, De Chazeron I, Llorca PM, and Brousse G
- Abstract
Context: The recent development of "serious games" has produced encouraging results in maintaining adherence to health-related interventions. In alcohol research, several studies have shown that computerized training on attentional bias decreases alcohol consumption bias among students. However, these highly controlled experimental situations, do not allow for direct large-scale dissemination. Our objective is to evaluate an attentional bias remediation program using a gamified smartphone training procedure., Methods: Fifty students from Clermont-Ferrand University were invited to participate in the study. After a cognitive assessment in the laboratory, the smartphone application was installed on each Student's smartphone. Participants were randomly assigned to either the alcohol attentional training group or the control group Each student had to complete the 2-min program at least once a day for 15 days. After 15 days, a new cognitive assessment of attention bias was conducted in the laboratory. Forty-seven students were included in the study., Results: Our analyses did not show any effect of the cognitive remediation program on attentional bias reduction between the two group [ F
(1, 44) < 1, p = 0.87], attentional performance [ F(1, 45) = 1.63, p = 0.20] or inhibitory abilities [ F(1, 45) < 1, p = 0.73]. These results were confirmed by Bayesian analyses., Discussion: Despite the absence of group effects, both the alcohol and control (non-alcohol) version of this program appeared to reduce attentional bias and increase inhibition capacities in the subset of participants who had attentional bias for alcohol at baseline This pilot study identifies areas for improvement in smartphone applications for future developments. Attentional bias remediation programs remain an interesting way to explore., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Flaudias, Zerhouni, Chakroun-Baggioni, De Chazeron, Llorca and Brousse.)- Published
- 2022
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37. Impact of Advertising Campaigns Among Online Gamblers: The Role Perceptions of Social Support and Personality Traits.
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Tessier S, Romo L, and Zerhouni O
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Background: Few studies on problematic gamblers have focused on how environment and personality interact in gambling behavior. The aim of this research is to investigate how social support, dimensions of personality, and advertising campaigns are associated with gambling among problematic or moderate-risk gamblers and recreational gamblers and associated with online gambling (i.e., sport and poker). Methods: One hundred nine participants (45% problematic or moderate-risk gamblers) answered an online survey including social support, five factor models of personality, typology of gamblers, and several sociodemographic variables. Results: We found that problematic and moderate-risk gamblers were significantly more sensitive to gambling advertisements compared to light players. Social support was significantly lower among online gamblers compared to offline gamblers, but no association was found between social support and type of gamblers. Problematic and moderate-risk gamblers presented lower levels of extraversion compared with recreational gamblers. Notably, when the onset of gambling is before 18 years old, participants had more chances to recall more gambling advertisements as adults. Conclusion: We propose that future longitudinal research should focus on characteristics of online gamers particularly regarding social support to understand this low level of adequacy compared to offline gamblers., Competing Interests: Laboratory of LR received the support of La Française des Jeux, through a Scientific Interest Group (GIS) Jeu et Société (Play and Society) with four French universities Université Paris Descartes, Université de la Sorbonne, Université Paris 13, and Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Tessier, Romo and Zerhouni.)
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- 2021
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38. Keeping Meta-Analyses Hygienic During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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Boudesseul J, Zerhouni O, Harbert A, and Rubinos C
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- Azithromycin, Humans, Hydroxychloroquine therapeutic use, COVID-19 epidemiology, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Pandemics prevention & control
- Abstract
Despite the massive distribution of different vaccines globally, the current pandemic has revealed the crucial need for an efficient treatment against COVID-19. Meta-analyses have historically been extremely useful to determine treatment efficacy but recent debates about the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 patients resulted in contradictory meta-analytical results. Different factors during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted key features of conducting a good meta-analysis. Some meta-analyses did not evaluate or treat substantial heterogeneity ( I
2 > 75%); others did not include additional analysis for publication bias; none checked for evidence of p -hacking in the primary studies nor used recent methods (i.e., p -curve or p -uniform) to estimate the average population-size effect. These inconsistencies may contribute to contradictory results in the research evaluating COVID-19 treatments. A prominent example of this is the use of hydroxychloroquine, where some studies reported a large positive effect, whereas others indicated no significant effect or even increased mortality when hydroxychloroquine was used with the antibiotic azithromycin. In this paper, we first recall the benefits and fundamental steps of good quality meta-analysis. Then, we examine various meta-analyses on hydroxychloroquine treatments for COVID-19 patients that led to contradictory results and causes for this discrepancy. We then highlight recent tools that contribute to evaluate publication bias and p-hacking (i.e., p -curve, p -uniform) and conclude by making technical recommendations that meta-analyses should follow even during extreme global events such as a pandemic., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Boudesseul, Zerhouni, Harbert and Rubinos.)- Published
- 2021
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39. How Risk Signaling Influences Binge Drinking Impression Formation: An Evolutionary Experimental Approach.
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Boudesseul J, Zerhouni O, and Bègue L
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- Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Attitude, Biological Evolution, Female, Humans, Male, Students, Binge Drinking
- Abstract
Background . Evolutionary theory-driven alcohol prevention programs for adolescents are lacking. This study introduced a binge drinking impression formation paradigm to test whether emphasizing sexual dysfunction induced by alcohol abuse lowers positive attitudes and expectancies related to binge drinking when compared with cognitive or long-term health consequences. Method . In a between-subjects experiment, 269 French high school students (age, M = 15.94, SD = 0.93, 63.20% women) watched professional-quality videos emphasizing sexual impotence ( n = 60), cognitive impairment ( n = 72), or long-term effects (cancer, cardiovascular disease, n = 68) induced by alcohol and then had to evaluate a drinking scene. We predicted that the video on impotence would be the most impactful when compared with the other videos. Results . Results showed that women evaluated the target as less attractive after viewing the cognitive video compared with the video on impotence. Men were more willing to play sports against the target after viewing the cognitive video, compared with the video on impotence. Conclusions . These results showed that evolutionary meaning might shape impressions formed by participants depending on the context. This study calls for further replications using the same design and materials.
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- 2021
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40. The Early Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Stress and Addictive Behaviors in an Alcohol-Consuming Student Population in France.
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Flaudias V, Zerhouni O, Pereira B, Cherpitel CJ, Boudesseul J, de Chazeron I, Romo L, Guillaume S, Samalin L, Cabe J, Bègue L, Gerbaud L, Rolland B, Llorca PM, Naassila M, and Brousse G
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Background: This study evaluated factors linked with perceived stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and addictive behaviors prior to and during lockdown in a sample of students who indicated engaging in alcohol consumption behaviors before lockdown. Methods: Cross-sectional study. French students from four universities participated in this study, and 2,760 students reported alcohol use. During the first week of lockdown, students reported their perceived levels of stress regarding COVID-19. Substance use and addictive behaviors were reported before and during lockdown, and media exposure, demographical, living conditions, and environmental stressors were reported during lockdown. Results: Women reported greater levels of stress (95% CI: 1.18 to 1.93, p < 0.001). Highly-stressed students also report less social support (95% CI: -1.04 to -0.39, p < 0.001) and were more likely to worry about the lockdown (95% CI: 0.27 to -0.65, p < 0.001). Alcohol-related problemswere more prevalent among the most stressed students (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.09, p = 0.004) as well as eating problems (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.36, p = 0.016) and problematic internet use (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.14, p < 0.001). Students reporting the highest levels of stress also indicated more compulsive eating during the previous seven days (95% CI, 0.21 to 1.19, p = 0.005). Conclusions: The level of stress was strongly related to four categories of variables: (i) intrinsic characteristics, (ii) addictive behaviors before lockdown, (iii) lockdown-specific conditions, and (iv) addictive behaviors during the lockdown. Several variables linked to COVID-19 were not directly linked with perceived stress, while perceived stress was found to correlate with daily life organization-related uncertainty and anticipated consequences of lockdown. Importantly, social support seems to be a protective factor on high level of stress., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Flaudias, Zerhouni, Pereira, Cherpitel, Boudesseul, de Chazeron, Romo, Guillaume, Samalin, Cabe, Bègue, Gerbaud, Rolland, Llorca, Naassila and Brousse.)
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- 2021
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41. A Multilab Replication of the Ego Depletion Effect.
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Dang J, Barker P, Baumert A, Bentvelzen M, Berkman E, Buchholz N, Buczny J, Chen Z, De Cristofaro V, de Vries L, Dewitte S, Giacomantonio M, Gong R, Homan M, Imhoff R, Ismail I, Jia L, Kubiak T, Lange F, Li DY, Livingston J, Ludwig R, Panno A, Pearman J, Rassi N, Schiöth HB, Schmitt M, Sevincer AT, Shi J, Stamos A, Tan YC, Wenzel M, Zerhouni O, Zhang LW, Zhang YJ, and Zinkernagel A
- Abstract
There is an active debate regarding whether the ego depletion effect is real. A recent preregistered experiment with the Stroop task as the depleting task and the antisaccade task as the outcome task found a medium-level effect size. In the current research, we conducted a preregistered multilab replication of that experiment. Data from 12 labs across the globe ( N = 1,775) revealed a small and significant ego depletion effect, d = 0.10. After excluding participants who might have responded randomly during the outcome task, the effect size increased to d = 0.16. By adding an informative, unbiased data point to the literature, our findings contribute to clarifying the existence, size, and generality of ego depletion., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2021
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42. "Who Are the Cyka Blyat?" How Empathy, Impulsivity, and Motivations to Play Predict Aggressive Behaviors in Multiplayer Online Games.
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Lemercier-Dugarin M, Romo L, Tijus C, and Zerhouni O
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- Achievement, Adult, Female, Humans, Internet, Male, Social Behavior, Surveys and Questionnaires, Aggression psychology, Empathy, Impulsive Behavior, Motivation, Video Games psychology
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Prior studies have mainly focused on the controversial issue of whether violent video games lead to aggressive behavior in real life. However, data regarding antisocial behavior while playing online are still scarce. In this study, we examined the relationship between toxicity (a form of verbal aggressive behavior directed against other players) in multiplayer online video games and several potential predictors such as personality traits, emotion reactivity, and motivations to play. A large-scale survey ( n = 816) was conducted among French-speaking adult gamers, assessing video game habits, impulsivity, empathy, emotion reactivity, and motivations to play (i.e., socialization, achievement, immersion). Results showed that younger age, being male, spending a lot of time playing per week, and being highly achieving increased the likelihood of reporting toxicity and change of behavior in game. High emotional reactivity and being high in two dimensions of impulsivity (negative urgency and sensation seeking) increased the likelihood of toxic behavior. In contrast, individuals who are more empathic tended to report nontoxic behavior and individuals who play to socialize reported little change in behavior in game. Future research should address the complexity of behaviors displayed during online games-notably through experimental studies allowing direct observation of gamers while they play-and the functional connection between toxicity and several psychological, emotional, and motivational dimensions in further detail. Scientific research would also benefit from the creation and validation of a scale measuring in game, the social and antisocial behaviors.
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- 2021
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43. COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and problematic eating behaviors in a student population.
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Flaudias V, Iceta S, Zerhouni O, Rodgers RF, Billieux J, Llorca PM, Boudesseul J, de Chazeron I, Romo L, Maurage P, Samalin L, Bègue L, Naassila M, Brousse G, and Guillaume S
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- Adult, COVID-19, Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Students statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Betacoronavirus, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections psychology, Feeding and Eating Disorders epidemiology, Feeding and Eating Disorders psychology, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral psychology, Quarantine psychology, Students psychology
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Since mid-March 2020, over 3 billion people have been confined as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Problematic eating behaviors are likely to be impacted by the pandemic through multiple pathways. This study examined the relationships between stress related to lockdown measures and binge eating and dietary restriction in a population of French students during the first week of confinement., Methods: A sample of undergraduate students (N = 5,738) completed an online questionnaire 7 days after lockdown measures were introduced. The survey comprised variables related to lockdown measures and the COVID-19-pandemic, mood, stress, body image, binge eating and dietary restriction during the past 7 days, as well as intent to binge eat and restrict in the following 15 days., Results: Stress related to the lockdown was associated with greater likelihood of binge eating and dietary restriction over the past week and intentions to binge eat and restrict over the next 15 days. Greater exposure to COVID-19-related media was associated with increased eating restriction over the past week. Binge eating and restriction (past and intentions) were associated with established risk factors, including female gender, low impulse regulation, high body dissatisfaction, and having a concurrent probable eating disorder., Discussion and Conclusion: The higher the stress related to the first week of confinement, the higher the risk of problematic eating behaviors among students, particularly those characterized by eating-related concerns. Screening for risk factors and providing targeted interventions might help decrease problematic eating behaviors among those who are most vulnerable.
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- 2020
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44. Reducing Attentional Bias in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorders With a Tablet Application: A Randomized Controlled Trial Pilot Study.
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Flaudias V, Zerhouni O, Chakroun-Baggioni N, Pires S, Schmitt A, De Chazeron I, Llorca PM, and Brousse G
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- Adult, Craving, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Treatment Outcome, Alcoholism therapy, Attentional Bias, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Therapy, Computer-Assisted methods
- Abstract
Aims: Cognitive bias modification (CBM) training has been considered a promising and effective intervention tool for reducing cognitive biases toward alcohol. However, the link between the cognitive process and actual behavior remains statistically insignificant because computerized tasks do not have sufficient ecological validity and suffer from high dropout rates. The recent development of 'serious games' has shown encouraging results in maintaining adherence to health-related interventions. We aim to evaluate a CBM program using a gamified attentional bias (AB) training procedure on a touchpad for individuals with alcohol use disorders., Methods: Forty-one patients were included in this study, 33 of whom displayed an AB and were randomly assigned into the 'CBM group' (N = 18, 16.7% women) or 'Memory group'-which involved playing a memory game-(N = 15, no woman). Eight other participants (12.5% women) with no AB comprised the 'Without AB group'. Efficacy was assessed for AB, craving, and inhibition and attentional capacities before and after the program., Results: We observed that the reduction of AB was higher for the 'CBM group' (Mbefore = 153.61, SD = 172.21; Mafter = 18.00, SD = 77.71; t (17) = 4.21, P = 0.001) than for the 'Memory group' (Mbefore = 73.20, SD = 66.65; Mafter =42.47, SD = 113.77; ts < 1). The analysis showed that for the 'Without AB group', there was no significant difference in AB (t (7) = -2.15, P = .07) after the program., Conclusions: This study demonstrated an increased reduction of AB for patients included in the CBM program on a touchpad than for patients playing only a memory game., (© The Author(s) 2019. Medical Council on Alcohol and Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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45. Self-Regulation Failure Reduces the Effect Alcohol Portrayals in Movies on Indirect Attitudes toward Alcohol.
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Zerhouni O, Bègue L, Sarda E, and Gentile D
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- Advertising, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Attitude, Motion Pictures, Self-Control
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We investigated the cognitive mechanisms underlying change in implicit cognitions following exposure to alcohol portrayals. More precisely, we tested in an experimental study whether this change depends on controlled or automatic processes by putting participants in a state of self-regulatory fatigue prior to being exposed to alcohol portrayals. Ninety participants were randomly assigned to a 2 (attitude measure: before vs after) × 2 (alcohol portrayal: yes vs no) × 2 (ego depletion: yes vs no) mixed design to assess whether the effects of alcohol portrayals affected cognitive resources. It was hypothesized that alcohol portrayals would have more of an impact on participants submitted to an ego-depletion task. We found a change in attitudes toward alcohol only for participants that had been exposed to alcohol portrayals, and who had not been cognitively depleted. These results suggest that these changes rely on controlled, resource-dependent processes rather than on purely associative and automatic processes. Implications regarding alcohol advertising effects on public health are discussed.
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- 2020
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46. Regulatory focus and self-determination motives interact to predict students' nutrition-habit intentions.
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Lalot F, Quiamzade A, and Zerhouni O
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- Adult, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Feeding Behavior psychology, Intention, Motivation, Personal Autonomy, Students psychology
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Regulatory focus (Higgins, 1997) and self-determination (Deci & Ryan, 2000) are two motivation theories widely applied in health-intervention research but never conjointly, despite sharing a number of theoretical similarities. In three studies (N = 578), we investigated how university students' self-determination motives to act upon their nutrition interact with induced regulatory focus and regulatory-message framing to predict their behaviors or intentions to improve their eating habits. Results revealed a fit between extrinsic motives and prevention focus: Intention increased with extrinsic motives in a prevention but not a promotion focus. The effect of intrinsic motives, however, was independent of the focus, which suggests that these motives drive intention and behavior independently of external cues. Hence, the results advocate for simultaneously taking into consideration self-determination and regulatory focus when planning a health intervention relying on motivation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2019
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47. The calories underestimation of "organic" food: Exploring the impact of implicit evaluations.
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Besson T, Lalot F, Bochard N, Flaudias V, and Zerhouni O
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- Adolescent, Adult, Bayes Theorem, Cognition, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Energy Intake, Food, Organic
- Abstract
Specific attributes of a food product can cause it to be spontaneously but wrongly perceived as healthier than it really is (i.e., the health halo effect). Notably, there is preliminary evidence that individuals evaluate organic food as less caloric than regular, non-organic food. However, explanations regarding the cognitive mechanisms underlying the health halo effect remain scarce. Drawing from the implicit cognition literature, we hypothesize that this effect could be due to (a) the reactivation in memory of implicit positive evaluations and/or (b) the reactivation of a semantic association between the concepts "organic" and "non-caloric". We first conducted a 2 (Product label: organic versus non-organic) × continuous (Valence-IAT score) × continuous (Calorie-IAT score) study (N = 151) to test these hypotheses, and conducted a conceptual replication in a second study (N = 269). We computed Bayesian analyses alongside frequentist analyses in order to test for potential null hypotheses, as well as frequencies and Bayesian meta-regression including both datasets. Both methods provided consistent results. First, Bayesian analyses yielded extremely strong evidence in favor of the hypothesis that the organic label leads to an underestimation of caloric value. Second, they provided strong evidence that this effect is not moderated by implicit evaluations. Hence, we replicated the organic halo effect but showed that, surprisingly, it does not arise from implicit associations. We discuss these findings and propose directions for future research regarding the mechanisms underlying calories (under)estimation., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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48. How alcohol advertising and sponsorship works: Effects through indirect measures.
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Zerhouni O, Bègue L, and O'Brien KS
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- Attitude, Female, Humans, Male, Marketing, Young Adult, Advertising methods, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Alcoholic Beverages
- Abstract
Introduction and Aims: We tested whether incidental exposure to alcohol marketing messages in sporting events: (i) influenced automatic evaluation of brands and alcohol in general; and (ii) if these processes occur through deliberative (conscious) or non-conscious processes., Design and Methods: Using an experimental design, participants watched a sport event containing: (i) a prototypical alcohol brand; (ii) a brand unrelated to alcohol; or (iii) a non-prototypical alcohol brand. One hundred and nine participants were randomly assigned to either a cognitively depleting task to impair motivation for effortful conscious processing before watching the excerpt, or a control task. We measured indirect (implicit) and direct (explicit) attitudes toward alcohol and brands, and self-report measures assessing affective response toward the event, involvement in processing the message and identifications toward the playing teams., Results: We found a positive main effect of incidental exposure to alcohol brands on indirect measures of attitudes toward alcohol as well as the specific brand. No effect of cognitive fatigue on indirect measure toward brands and alcohol was observed., Discussion and Conclusions: Incidental exposure to alcohol marketing messages appear to impact indirect measures of attitudes toward the brand and alcohol in general, and seems to rely on non-conscious automatic processes., (© 2019 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.)
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- 2019
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49. Assessing Private and Public Need for Uniqueness: Validation of French Versions of the Need for Uniqueness (NfU) and Self-Attributed Need for Uniqueness (SANU) Scales.
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Lalot F, Cantarella M, Zerhouni O, Joly E, Quiamzade A, Falomir-Pichastor JM, Desrichard O, and Bègue L
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- Adult, Emotions, Female, France, Humans, Male, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Students psychology, Switzerland, Internal-External Control, Personal Satisfaction, Self Concept, Surveys and Questionnaires standards
- Abstract
Need for uniqueness represents the need for people to feel different and distinguish themselves from others. Two major scales exist that measure this need: the Need for Uniqueness scale (NfU; Snyder & Fromkin, 1977 ) and the Self-Attributed Need for Uniqueness scale (SANU; Lynn & Harris, 1997b ). We propose here a French version of both scales. Through a dual approach of exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses, we investigated the scales' structure in student samples from two French-speaking countries (France and Switzerland, N = 1,348) as well as measures of internal and external validity. Both scales presented good psychometric properties in French. Additionally, we investigated differences between the scales, as literature suggests that the NfU relies mostly on public and risky displays of uniqueness, whereas the SANU focuses on private and more socially acceptable means to acquire a feeling of uniqueness. Differences arose in the links with several personality characteristics (emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, sensation seeking, and self-consciousness), suggesting that the NfU corresponds rather to a need to demonstrate uniqueness through public displays and the SANU to a need to feel unique through more private means. We discuss implications for research and provide advice on choosing by the scale most appropriate to the researcher's aims.
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- 2019
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50. Influence of authoritarianism, vagal tone and mental fatigue on obedience to authority.
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Lepage J, Bègue L, Zerhouni O, Courset R, and Mermillod M
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Fatigue physiopathology, Stress, Psychological physiopathology, Authoritarianism, Cooperative Behavior, Heart Rate physiology, Mental Fatigue psychology, Self-Control psychology, Stress, Psychological psychology
- Abstract
Recent research suggests that obedience in the Milgram paradigm is underpinned by stress vulnerability and inhibitory control over pain sharing. Because self-regulatory fatigue (SRF) induction is a suited method to investigate the influence of inhibitory control on behaviour, participants (n = 99) were randomly assigned to a High vs. Low self-regulatory condition. Heart rate variability (HRV, a biomarker of stress vulnerability) was collected during 5-min baseline and continuously during the experimental procedure. Prior to the experiment, participants completed an online survey assessing right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), a well-known predictor of obedience. Using the Immersive Video Milgram Obedience Experiment, we found (i) that lower resting HRV predicted higher destructive obedience, (ii) that low self-regulatory inhibition (induced by fatigue) reduced destructive obedience, (iii) that the well-established influence of RWA on destructive obedience was suppressed in the presence of SRF. Implications for future directions in obedience research are discussed.
- Published
- 2019
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