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1. The development of terrestrial ecosystems emerging after glacier retreat

Author

Ficetola, Gentile Francesco, Marta, Silvio, Guerrieri, Alessia, Cantera, Isabel, Bonin, Aurélie, Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie, Ambrosini, Roberto, Caccianiga, Marco, Anthelme, Fabien, Azzoni, Roberto Sergio, Almond, Peter, Alviz Gazitúa, Pablo, Ceballos Lievano, Jorge Luis, Chand, Pritam, Chand Sharma, Milap, Clague, John J., Cochachín Rapre, Justiniano Alejo, Compostella, Chiara, Encarnación, Rolando Cruz, Dangles, Olivier, Deline, Philip, Eger, Andre, Erokhin, Sergey, Franzetti, Andrea, Gielly, Ludovic, Gili, Fabrizio, Gobbi, Mauro, Hågvar, Sigmund, Kaufmann, Rüdiger, Khedim, Norine, Meneses, Rosa Isela, Morales-Martínez, Marco Aurelio, Peyre, Gwendolyn, Pittino, Francesca, Proietto, Angela, Rabatel, Antoine, Sieron, Katrin, Tielidze, Levan, Urseitova, Nurai, Yang, Yan, Zaginaev, Vitalii, Zerboni, Andrea, Zimmer, Anaïs, Diolaiuti, Guglielmina Adele, Taberlet, Pierre, Poulenard, Jerome, Fontaneto, Diego, Thuiller, Wilfried, and Carteron, Alexis

Published
2024
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2. The IGCP 714 Project “3GEO – Geoclimbing & Geotrekking in Geoparks” – Selection of Geodiversity Sites Equipped for Climbing for Combining Outdoor and Multimedia Activities

Author

Bollati, Irene Maria, Masseroli, Anna, Al Kindi, Mohammed, Cezar, Lucas, Chrobak-Žuffová, Anna, Dongre, Ashish, Fassoulas, Charalampos, Fazio, Eugenio, Garcia-Rodríguez, Manuel, Knight, Jasper, Matthews, Jack J., de Araújo Pereira, Ricardo Galeno Fraga, Viani, Cristina, Williams, Mark, Amato, Giuseppe M., Apuani, Tiziana, de Castro, Emanuel, Fernández-Escalante, Enrique, Fernandes, Magda, Forzese, Martina, Gianotti, Franco, Goyanes, Gabriel, Loureiro, Fabio, Kandekar, Avinash, Koleandrianou, Maria, Maniscalco, Rosanna, Nikolakakis, Emmanouel, Palomba, Mauro, Pelfini, Manuela, Tronti, Gianluca, Zanoletti, Enrico, Zerboni, Andrea, and Zucali, Michele

Published
2024
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3. The importance of species addition ‘versus’ replacement varies over succession in plant communities after glacier retreat

Author

Cantera, Isabel, Carteron, Alexis, Guerrieri, Alessia, Marta, Silvio, Bonin, Aurélie, Ambrosini, Roberto, Anthelme, Fabien, Azzoni, Roberto Sergio, Almond, Peter, Alviz Gazitúa, Pablo, Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie, Ceballos Lievano, Jorge Luis, Chand, Pritam, Chand Sharma, Milap, Clague, John, Cochachín Rapre, Justiniano Alejo, Compostella, Chiara, Cruz Encarnación, Rolando, Dangles, Olivier, Eger, Andre, Erokhin, Sergey, Franzetti, Andrea, Gielly, Ludovic, Gili, Fabrizio, Gobbi, Mauro, Hågvar, Sigmund, Khedim, Norine, Meneses, Rosa Isela, Peyre, Gwendolyn, Pittino, Francesca, Rabatel, Antoine, Urseitova, Nurai, Yang, Yan, Zaginaev, Vitalii, Zerboni, Andrea, Zimmer, Anaïs, Taberlet, Pierre, Diolaiuti, Guglielmina Adele, Poulenard, Jerome, Thuiller, Wilfried, Caccianiga, Marco, and Ficetola, Gentile Francesco

Published
2024
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9. A Google Earth Engine-enabled Python approach to improve identification of anthropogenic palaeo-landscape features

Author

Brandolini, Filippo, Ribas, Guillem Domingo, Zerboni, Andrea, and Turner, Sam

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

The necessity of sustainable development for landscapes has emerged as an important theme in recent decades. Current methods take a holistic approach to landscape heritage and promote an interdisciplinary dialogue to facilitate complementary landscape management strategies. With the socio-economic values of the natural and cultural landscape heritage increasingly recognised worldwide, remote sensing tools are being used more and more to facilitate the recording and management of landscape heritage. Satellite remote sensing technologies have enabled significant improvements in landscape research. The advent of the cloud-based platform of Google Earth Engine has allowed the rapid exploration and processing of satellite imagery such as the Landsat and Copernicus Sentinel datasets. In this paper, the use of Sentinel-2 satellite data in the identification of palaeo-riverscape features has been assessed in the Po Plain, selected because it is characterized by human exploitation since the Mid-Holocene. A multi-temporal approach has been adopted to investigate the potential of satellite imagery to detect buried hydrological and anthropogenic features along with Spectral Index and Spectral Decomposition analysis. This research represents one of the first applications of the GEE Python API in landscape studies. The complete FOSS-cloud protocol proposed here consists of a Python code script developed in Google Colab which could be simply adapted and replicated in different areas of the world, Comment: 33 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables

Published
2020
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16. Hunter-gatherers across the great Adriatic-Po region during the Last Glacial Maximum: Environmental and cultural dynamics

Author

Peresani, Marco, Monegato, Giovanni, Ravazzi, Cesare, Bertola, Stefano, Margaritora, Davide, Breda, Marzia, Fontana, Alessandro, Fontana, Federica, Janković, Ivor, Karavanić, Ivor, Komšo, Darko, Mozzi, Paolo, Pini, Roberta, Furlanetto, Giulia, Maria De Amicis, Mattia Giovanni, Perhoč, Zlatko, Posth, Cosimo, Ronchi, Livio, Rossato, Sandro, Vukosavljević, Nikola, and Zerboni, Andrea

Published
2021
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19. The development of terrestrial ecosystems emerging after glacier retreat

Author

Ficetola, G, Marta, S, Guerrieri, A, Cantera, I, Bonin, A, Cauvy-Fraunié, S, Ambrosini, R, Caccianiga, M, Anthelme, F, Azzoni, R, Almond, P, Alviz Gazitúa, P, Ceballos Lievano, J, Chand, P, Chand Sharma, M, Clague, J, Cochachín Rapre, J, Compostella, C, Encarnación, R, Dangles, O, Deline, P, Eger, A, Erokhin, S, Franzetti, A, Gielly, L, Gili, F, Gobbi, M, Hågvar, S, Kaufmann, R, Khedim, N, Meneses, R, Morales-Martínez, M, Peyre, G, Pittino, F, Proietto, A, Rabatel, A, Sieron, K, Tielidze, L, Urseitova, N, Yang, Y, Zaginaev, V, Zerboni, A, Zimmer, A, Diolaiuti, G, Taberlet, P, Poulenard, J, Fontaneto, D, Thuiller, W, Carteron, A, Ficetola, Gentile Francesco, Marta, Silvio, Guerrieri, Alessia, Cantera, Isabel, Bonin, Aurélie, Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie, Ambrosini, Roberto, Caccianiga, Marco, Anthelme, Fabien, Azzoni, Roberto Sergio, Almond, Peter, Alviz Gazitúa, Pablo, Ceballos Lievano, Jorge Luis, Chand, Pritam, Chand Sharma, Milap, Clague, John J., Cochachín Rapre, Justiniano Alejo, Compostella, Chiara, Encarnación, Rolando Cruz, Dangles, Olivier, Deline, Philip, Eger, Andre, Erokhin, Sergey, Franzetti, Andrea, Gielly, Ludovic, Gili, Fabrizio, Gobbi, Mauro, Hågvar, Sigmund, Kaufmann, Rüdiger, Khedim, Norine, Meneses, Rosa Isela, Morales-Martínez, Marco Aurelio, Peyre, Gwendolyn, Pittino, Francesca, Proietto, Angela, Rabatel, Antoine, Sieron, Katrin, Tielidze, Levan, Urseitova, Nurai, Yang, Yan, Zaginaev, Vitalii, Zerboni, Andrea, Zimmer, Anaïs, Diolaiuti, Guglielmina Adele, Taberlet, Pierre, Poulenard, Jerome, Fontaneto, Diego, Thuiller, Wilfried, Carteron, Alexis, Ficetola, G, Marta, S, Guerrieri, A, Cantera, I, Bonin, A, Cauvy-Fraunié, S, Ambrosini, R, Caccianiga, M, Anthelme, F, Azzoni, R, Almond, P, Alviz Gazitúa, P, Ceballos Lievano, J, Chand, P, Chand Sharma, M, Clague, J, Cochachín Rapre, J, Compostella, C, Encarnación, R, Dangles, O, Deline, P, Eger, A, Erokhin, S, Franzetti, A, Gielly, L, Gili, F, Gobbi, M, Hågvar, S, Kaufmann, R, Khedim, N, Meneses, R, Morales-Martínez, M, Peyre, G, Pittino, F, Proietto, A, Rabatel, A, Sieron, K, Tielidze, L, Urseitova, N, Yang, Y, Zaginaev, V, Zerboni, A, Zimmer, A, Diolaiuti, G, Taberlet, P, Poulenard, J, Fontaneto, D, Thuiller, W, Carteron, A, Ficetola, Gentile Francesco, Marta, Silvio, Guerrieri, Alessia, Cantera, Isabel, Bonin, Aurélie, Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie, Ambrosini, Roberto, Caccianiga, Marco, Anthelme, Fabien, Azzoni, Roberto Sergio, Almond, Peter, Alviz Gazitúa, Pablo, Ceballos Lievano, Jorge Luis, Chand, Pritam, Chand Sharma, Milap, Clague, John J., Cochachín Rapre, Justiniano Alejo, Compostella, Chiara, Encarnación, Rolando Cruz, Dangles, Olivier, Deline, Philip, Eger, Andre, Erokhin, Sergey, Franzetti, Andrea, Gielly, Ludovic, Gili, Fabrizio, Gobbi, Mauro, Hågvar, Sigmund, Kaufmann, Rüdiger, Khedim, Norine, Meneses, Rosa Isela, Morales-Martínez, Marco Aurelio, Peyre, Gwendolyn, Pittino, Francesca, Proietto, Angela, Rabatel, Antoine, Sieron, Katrin, Tielidze, Levan, Urseitova, Nurai, Yang, Yan, Zaginaev, Vitalii, Zerboni, Andrea, Zimmer, Anaïs, Diolaiuti, Guglielmina Adele, Taberlet, Pierre, Poulenard, Jerome, Fontaneto, Diego, Thuiller, Wilfried, and Carteron, Alexis

Abstract

The global retreat of glaciers is dramatically altering mountain and high-latitude landscapes, with new ecosystems developing from apparently barren substrates1–4. The study of these emerging ecosystems is critical to understanding how climate change interacts with microhabitat and biotic communities and determines the future of ice-free terrains1,5. Here, using a comprehensive characterization of ecosystems (soil properties, microclimate, productivity and biodiversity by environmental DNA metabarcoding6) across 46 proglacial landscapes worldwide, we found that all the environmental properties change with time since glaciers retreated, and that temperature modulates the accumulation of soil nutrients. The richness of bacteria, fungi, plants and animals increases with time since deglaciation, but their temporal patterns differ. Microorganisms colonized most rapidly in the first decades after glacier retreat, whereas most macroorganisms took longer. Increased habitat suitability, growing complexity of biotic interactions and temporal colonization all contribute to the increase in biodiversity over time. These processes also modify community composition for all the groups of organisms. Plant communities show positive links with all other biodiversity components and have a key role in ecosystem development. These unifying patterns provide new insights into the early dynamics of deglaciated terrains and highlight the need for integrated surveillance of their multiple environmental properties5.

Published
2024

20. An overview of Alpine and Mediterranean palaeogeography, terrestrial ecosystems and climate history during MIS 3 with focus on the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition

Author

Badino, Federica, Pini, Roberta, Ravazzi, Cesare, Margaritora, Davide, Arrighi, Simona, Bortolini, Eugenio, Figus, Carla, Giaccio, Biagio, Lugli, Federico, Marciani, Giulia, Monegato, Giovanni, Moroni, Adriana, Negrino, Fabio, Oxilia, Gregorio, Peresani, Marco, Romandini, Matteo, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Spinapolice, Enza E., Zerboni, Andrea, and Benazzi, Stefano

Published
2020
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23. Land-use and cultivation in the etaghas of the Tadrart Acacus (south-west Libya): the dawn of Saharan agriculture?

Author

di Lernia, Savino, N'Siala, Isabella Massamba, Mercuri, Anna Maria, and Zerboni, Andrea

Subjects
Aquatic resources -- Libya -- Northern Africa, Agriculture, Archaeological dating, Land use -- Libya -- Northern Africa, Radiocarbon dating, Ponds, Archaeology, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

The hyperarid climate of the central Sahara precludes permanent agriculture, although occasional temporary ponds, or etaghas, as a result of rain-fed flooding of wadi beds in the Tadrart Acacus Mountains of the Libyan Sahara allow the pastoral Kel Tadrart Tuareg to cultivate cereals. Geoarchaeological and archaeological data, along with radiocarbon dating and evidence from rock art, however, suggest a much greater antiquity for the exploitation of these etaghas. The authors propose that the present-day cultivation of etaghas mirrors attempts at flood-recession or rainfed cultivation by late prehistoric Pastoral Neolithic groups, who first exploited residual water resources to supplement their pastoral subsistence practices. Keywords: Sahara, Libya, Tadrart Acacus, Pastoral Neolithic, rain-fed cultivation, Tuareg, Introduction Since the Mid Holocene, the Sahara's climate has been hyperarid, with a mean annual rainfall of between 0 and 20mm (Nicholson 2011). This limited and unpredictable rainfall does not [...]

Published
2020
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24. Field-based sciences must transform in response to COVID-19

Author

Scerri, Eleanor M. L., Kühnert, Denise, Blinkhorn, James, Groucutt, Huw S., Roberts, Patrick, Nicoll, Kathleen, Zerboni, Andrea, Orijemie, Emuobosa Akpo, Barton, Huw, Candy, Ian, Goldstein, Steven T., Hawks, John, Niang, Khady, N’Dah, Didier, Petraglia, Michael D., and Vella, Nicholas C.

Published
2020
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25. Rock Traits Drive Complex Microbial Communities at the Edge of Life

Author

Museo Nazionale dell'Antartide, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Coleine, Claudia [0000-0002-9289-6179], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Zerboni, Andrea [0000-0002-6844-8528], Turchetti, Benedetta [0000-0002-7370-3028], Buzzini, Pietro [0000-0001-6793-0606], Franceschi, Pietro [0000-0001-5711-4429], Selbmann, Laura [0000-0002-8967-3329], Coleine, Claudia, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Zerboni, Andrea, Turchetti, Benedetta, Buzzini, Pietro, Franceschi, Pietro, Selbmann, Laura, Museo Nazionale dell'Antartide, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Coleine, Claudia [0000-0002-9289-6179], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Zerboni, Andrea [0000-0002-6844-8528], Turchetti, Benedetta [0000-0002-7370-3028], Buzzini, Pietro [0000-0001-6793-0606], Franceschi, Pietro [0000-0001-5711-4429], Selbmann, Laura [0000-0002-8967-3329], Coleine, Claudia, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Zerboni, Andrea, Turchetti, Benedetta, Buzzini, Pietro, Franceschi, Pietro, and Selbmann, Laura

Abstract

Antarctic deserts are among the driest and coldest ecosystems of the planet; there, some microbes survive under these extreme conditions inside porous rocks, forming the so-called endolithic communities. Yet the contribution of distinct rock traits to support complex microbial assemblies remains poorly determined. Here, we combined an extensive Antarctic rock survey with rock microbiome sequencing and ecological networks and found that contrasting combinations of microclimatic and rock traits such as thermal inertia, porosity, iron concentration, and quartz cement can help explain the multiple complex microbial assemblies found in Antarctic rocks. Our work highlights the pivotal role of rocky substrate heterogeneity in sustaining contrasting groups of microorganisms, which is essential to understand life at the edge on Earth and for the search for life on other rocky planets such as Mars.

Published
2023

30. Local climate modulates the development of soil nematode communities after glacier retreat

Author

Guerrieri, Alessia, primary, Cantera, Isabel, additional, Marta, Silvio, additional, Bonin, Aurélie, additional, Carteron, Alexis, additional, Ambrosini, Roberto, additional, Caccianiga, Marco, additional, Anthelme, Fabien, additional, Azzoni, Roberto Sergio, additional, Almond, Peter, additional, Alviz Gazitúa, Pablo, additional, Cauvy‐Fraunié, Sophie, additional, Ceballos Lievano, Jorge Luis, additional, Chand, Pritam, additional, Chand Sharma, Milap, additional, Clague, John, additional, Cochachín Rapre, Justiniano Alejo, additional, Compostella, Chiara, additional, Cruz Encarnación, Rolando, additional, Dangles, Olivier, additional, Deline, Philip, additional, Eger, Andre, additional, Erokhin, Sergey, additional, Franzetti, Andrea, additional, Gielly, Ludovic, additional, Gili, Fabrizio, additional, Gobbi, Mauro, additional, Hågvar, Sigmund, additional, Khedim, Norine, additional, Meneses, Rosa Isela, additional, Peyre, Gwendolyn, additional, Pittino, Francesca, additional, Proietto, Angela, additional, Rabatel, Antoine, additional, Urseitova, Nurai, additional, Yang, Yan, additional, Zaginaev, Vitalii, additional, Zerboni, Andrea, additional, Zimmer, Anaïs, additional, Taberlet, Pierre, additional, Diolaiuti, Guglielmina Adele, additional, Poulenard, Jerome, additional, Fontaneto, Diego, additional, Thuiller, Wilfried, additional, and Ficetola, Gentile Francesco, additional

Published
2023
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41. The archaeology and ethnoarchaeology of rain-fed cultivation in arid and hyper-arid North Africa

Author

Lancelotti, Carla, Biagetti, Stefano, Zerboni, Andrea, Usai, Donatella, and Madella, Marco

Subjects
Anthropological research, Cultivation (Land) -- Methods, Agricultural systems -- Research, Archaeology, Agriculture, Land use, Water, Sustainable agriculture, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

Rain-fed cultivation in drylands--especially in arid and hyper-arid areas--is often considered to play a minor role in human subsistence. Drawing upon the results of ethnoarchaeological research in North Africa, this paper reviews non-irrigated agricultural practices in the absence of anthropogenic water-harvesting structures, and presents a proposal for how such practices can be identified in the drylands of the past. An improved understanding of the long-term development of rain fed cultivation augments our knowledge of past land-use strategies and can inform future models of sustainable agriculture in some of the world's driest regions. Keywords: Sahara, Al Khiday, rain-fed cultivation, drylands, resilience, phytoliths, Introduction Today, drylands cover approximately 40 per cent of the world's land area and host around 40 per cent of the world's population. The United Nations Environment Programme defines drylands [...]

Published
2019
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42. Rock traits drive complex microbial communities at the edge of life

Author

Coleine, Claudia, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Zerboni, Andrea, Turchetti, Benedetta, Buzzini, Pietro, Franceschi, Pietro, Selbmann, Laura, Italian Antarctic National Museum, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Coleine, Claudia, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Zerboni, Andrea, Turchetti, Benedetta, Buzzini, Pietro, Franceschi, Pietro, and Selbmann, Laura

Subjects
Extremophiles, Terrestrial analog, Space and Planetary Science, Habitability, Settore GEO/04 - Geografia Fisica e Geomorfologia, Antarctica, Biogeochemistry, Astrobiology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Settore BIO/19 - MICROBIOLOGIA GENERALE
Abstract

12 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 46 referencias.- Supplementary Materials http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2022.0062, Antarctic deserts are among the driest and coldest ecosystems of the planet; there, some microbes survive under these extreme conditions inside porous rocks, forming the so-called endolithic communities. Yet the contribution of distinct rock traits to support complex microbial assemblies remains poorly determined. Here, we combined an extensive Antarctic rock survey with rock microbiome sequencing and ecological networks and found that contrasting combinations of microclimatic and rock traits such as thermal inertia, porosity, iron concentration, and quartz cement can help explain the multiple complex microbial assemblies found in Antarctic rocks. Our work highlights the pivotal role of rocky substrate heterogeneity in sustaining contrasting groups of microorganisms, which is essential to understand life at the edge on Earth and for the search for life on other rocky planets such as Mars., CC and LS wish to thank the Italian National Program for Antarctic Research (PNRA) for funding sampling campaigns and research activities in Italy in the frame of PNRA projects. The Italian Antarctic National Museum (MNA) is kindly acknowledged for financial support to the Mycological Section of the MNA and for providing rock samples used in this study stored in the Culture Collection of Antarctic fungi (MNA-CCFEE), University of Tuscia, Italy. LS acknowledges funding from the PNRA. MD-B is supported by a project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020- 115813RA-I00), and a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático ‘01 – Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación’) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). This paper was previously submitted to BioXRiv as a preprint. The preprint can be found at https://doi.org/ 10.1101/2021.08.04.455018

Published
2023

45. An early Brunhes (

Author

Muttoni, Giovanni, Sirakov, Nikolas, Guadelli, Jean-Luc, Kent, Dennis V., Scardia, Giancarlo, Monesi, Edoardo, Zerboni, Andrea, and Ferrara, Enzo

Published
2017
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48. The Pleistocene tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the northern Po Plain (Italy) around the Castenedolo and Ciliverghe hillocks.

Author

Aghib, Fulvia S., Muttoni, Giovanni, Norini, Gianluca, Mariani, Guido S., Zerboni, Andrea, de Franco, Roberto, Di Capua, Andrea, Tira, Marco A., Brusamolino, Alessio, Menici, Simona, Caielli, Grazia, Groppelli, Gianluca, and Piccin, Andrea

Subjects
PLEISTOCENE Epoch, BRAIDED rivers, WATERSHEDS, PLAINS, PLAYSTATION video game consoles, FOLDS (Geology)
Abstract

We studied the Pleistocene subsurface stratigraphy of an area in the northern Po Plain around the isolated tectonic hillocks of Castenedolo and Ciliverghe (Brescia, Italy) in order to estimate their long-term rates of tectonic deformation. Integrated stratigraphy of a new 100-m-long core (RL13) allowed better definition of the regional Y (0.45 Ma) and R (0.87 Ma) surfaces and the related magnetostratigraphically calibrated PS1, PS2, and PS3 depositional sequences. The Y surface in the RL13 core was placed at the base of the PS3 proximal braided river system that was deposited during middle Pleistocene within the Brunhes chron. The R surface is considered to be eroded within the PS2 braid-plain deposits at ca. 0.87 Ma between the top of Jaramillo subchron and the Bruhnes chron during the late Early Pleistocene. Based on different datasets, we evaluated the sedimentation rate, which has decreased from 0.09 mm/yr with deposition of PS2, to 0.06 mm/yr with deposition of PS3. The tectonic uplift, with an average rate of ~0.1 mm/yr in the last ca. 0.87 Ma, is interpreted to be associated with a fault and related fault-propagation folding. The Castenedolo and Ciliverghe hillocks then formed due to tectonic uplift during a change in the sedimentation regime since 0.45 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. The long-distance exchange of amazonite and increasing social complexity in the Sudanese Neolithic

Author

Zerboni, Andrea, Salvatori, Sandro, Vignola, Pietro, Mohammed, Abd el Rahman Ali, and Usai, Donatella

Subjects
Precious stones -- Usage, Cemeteries -- Discovery and exploration, Neolithic period -- Research, Anthropological research, Manners and customs -- Analysis, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

The presence of exotic materials in funerary contexts in the Sudanese Nile Valley suggests increasing social complexity during the fifth and sixth millennia BC. Amazonite, both in artefact and raw material form, is frequently recovered from Neolithic Sudanese sites, yet its provenance remains unknown. Geochemical analyses of North and East African raw amazonite outcrops and artefacts found at the Neolithic cemetery of R12 in the Sudanese Nile Valley reveals southern Ethiopia as the source of the R12 amazonite. This research, along with data on different exotic materials from contemporaneous Sudanese cemeteries, suggests a previously unknown, long-distance North African exchange network and confirms the emergence of local craft specialisation as part of larger-scale developing social complexity.Keywords: Sudan, Neolithic, amazonite, social complexity, exchange, IntroductionThe introduction of domesticates and the adoption of an agro-pastoral food-producing economy in the Sudanese Nile Valley were associated with new forms of social complexity (Salvatori et al. 2016). The [...]

Published
2018
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