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Oil revenues play a vital and central role in the economies of developing countries and African countries are among the countries whose macroeconomic variables are affected by oil revenues. The objective of this study is to analyze and investigate the role of oil revenues on the macroeconomic variables in most of the oil-producing African countries. The Econometric method Pooled Ols model was employed in the study and the fixed and random technique data used was time sires cross panel data in the period (2000-2018). Based on the literature review, the selectedn sample study was on countries such as (Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, Gabon, Egypt, Congo, Egypt, Congo, Sudan, Chad, Ghana) and we employed the Gross Domestic Product as the target variable and Oil Revenues (Oiler), inflation (CPI), Exchange rate (Ex), export (Exp), Foreign Direct Invest (FDI), money supply (M2), as independent variables. The study result and analysis of the data indicated that oil revenue has an impact on most the macroeconomic variables in the study except CPI and money supply. The study also indicated a strong positive correlation between oil revenue and GDP growth rate on the countries samples study. The study concluded that one of the most important macroeconomic variables is oil revenues. It also recommended that African countries need support and need to put more effort in building strong economies that are not dependent on oil revenues; to work on diversifying the revenues of the states and work to preserve the right of the next generation to exploit natural and oil resources.

This paper aims to measure the effect of tax contributions in promoting innovation while highlighting the role of corporate taxes in governance quality in nations within and outside the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The study applied the generalized method of moments (GMM) framework and found that good governance invariably increases the Innovation Index. Moreover, research and development expenditures revealed a positive association with the Innovation Index. However, corporate taxes and taxes paid by the business sector harm the Innovation Index. Following the investigation, we recommended that policymakers should plan well to balance the costs of innovation and tax incentives, to avoid stimulating unproductive innovations or affecting operating budgets.

This study aims to explore the connection between the potential effects of energy consumption and technological innovation on economic growth in China from 1980 to 2018. The Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributive Lag (NARDL) econometric approach reveals an asymmetric connection between technological innovation, energy consumption, and economic growth in China from 1980 to 2018. The empirical results also reveal that a 1% decrease in energy consumption would imperatively decline economic growth by 12.5%. Moreover, a 1% upsurge in trademark applications improves economic growth by 8.2%. For the case of China, this study reveals that a large portion of the energy was used by families, which is regarded as a non-contributing element to the economy of China. This study suggests that the promotion and production of energy-efficient processes and products is necessary in order to make a more significant step toward sustainable development. The empirical findings also suggest that the Chinese government should regulate suitable policies aimed at promoting energy efficiency and the control of inefficient energy uses.

Risk management is an essential way for farmers to reduce uncertainty. In this research, a stratified random sampling method was used to survey 350 maize farmers in four different agro-ecological regions in Bangladesh. Using the multivariate probit model, this study explored the possible correlation between farmers&rsquo, perceptions of catastrophic risks and their attitudes towards risk sources&mdash, as well as the possible correlation between contract farming, diversification and precautionary savings as risk management strategies. The results confirm the relevance of risk management adoption decisions and reveal that the use of one risk management tool may simultaneously influence the use of another risk management tool. In addition, the research results also show that age, education level, extension experience, monthly household income, farming areas, land ownership and risk aversion nature are the most important factors that affect the adoption of risk management strategies. The research results provide further explanation and information and provide a platform for decision-makers to predict appropriate risk management strategies.

This study conducted a questionnaire-led survey to explore the financial feasibility and socio-environmental impacts of stand-alone solar home systems (SHS) through stratified random sampling. Based on the above consideration, fifteen cases of studies of various watt peak (Wp) capacities have been investigated to evaluate the economic viability of solar home systems. The results revealed that most of the cases have positive net present value (NPV) and low payback periods, with an internal rate of return (IRR) value ranging from 16% to 131%, which signifies a high rate of investment exchange. Solar home systems are economically profitable for micro-enterprises and households with low-income generation activities as opposed to the households using it only for lighting. The study found that solar home systems with a capacity above 30 Wp are the most economically viable option, which can also avoid 6.15 to 7.34 tonnes of CO2 emissions during the 20 years of life-cycle, while providing different applications including lighting, recreation, information, health, and economic benefits.

The objective of this empirical study is to find out the long and short run relationships between government revenues, money supply and Gross Domestic Product. The study used Time Sires data with secondary data collected from China's national office of statistics within the period (1990-2018) and employed the ARDL model based on the literature review. We used the Gross Domestic Product as a dependent variable and the money supply (M2) and Government revenue (Re) as independent variables. The study results shows the independent variable to have positive signification on the Gross Domestic Product. The study recommends that the Chinese government needs to stay at the same level of money supply and use a good monetary policy to control the money supply value because it has a direct relationship. The government revenues play linkage role between the growing economy and the money supply.

This study investigates the role of Value-Added Tax (VAT) on the economic growth in China. The data used for the study is a time series of the period from 1985-2016. These researches use the gross domestic product (GDP) as a dependent variable. For the independent variables, this research using the total population, employed persons, consumer price index, and value-added tax. The current findings add to a growing body of literature on identifying the properties of VAT in China and identifying the tax system reform from 1993 to 2012 and the mechanism of transfer application of the business tax in the services sector to Value-Added Tax. The test result indicated to have a positive relationship between the GDP and independent variables value-added tax in both in the long and short-run