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3. Tuberculosis incidence in foreign-born people residing in European countries in 2020.

Author

Vasiliu, A., Köhler, N., Altpeter, E., Ægisdóttir, T.R., Amerali, M., Oñate, W.A. de, Bakos, Á., D'Amato, S., Cirillo, D.M., Crevel, R. van, Davidaviciene, E., Demuth, I., Domínguez, J., Duarte, R., Günther, G., Guthmann, J.P., Hatzianastasiou, S., Holm, L.H., Herrador, Z., Hribar, U., Huberty, C., Ibraim, E., Jackson, S., Jensenius, M., Josefsdottir, K.S., Koch, A., Korzeniewska-Kosela, M., Kuksa, L., Kunst, H., Lienhardt, C., Mahler, B., Makek, M.J., Muylle, I., Normark, J., Pace-Asciak, A., Petrović, G., Pieridou, D., Russo, G., Rzhepishevska, O., Salzer, H.J.F., Marques, M.S., Schmid, D., Solovic, I., Sukholytka, M., Svetina, P., Tyufekchieva, M., Vasankari, T., Viiklepp, P., Villand, K., Wallenfels, J., Wesolowski, S., Mandalakas, A.M., Martinez, L., Zenner, D., Lange, C., Vasiliu, A., Köhler, N., Altpeter, E., Ægisdóttir, T.R., Amerali, M., Oñate, W.A. de, Bakos, Á., D'Amato, S., Cirillo, D.M., Crevel, R. van, Davidaviciene, E., Demuth, I., Domínguez, J., Duarte, R., Günther, G., Guthmann, J.P., Hatzianastasiou, S., Holm, L.H., Herrador, Z., Hribar, U., Huberty, C., Ibraim, E., Jackson, S., Jensenius, M., Josefsdottir, K.S., Koch, A., Korzeniewska-Kosela, M., Kuksa, L., Kunst, H., Lienhardt, C., Mahler, B., Makek, M.J., Muylle, I., Normark, J., Pace-Asciak, A., Petrović, G., Pieridou, D., Russo, G., Rzhepishevska, O., Salzer, H.J.F., Marques, M.S., Schmid, D., Solovic, I., Sukholytka, M., Svetina, P., Tyufekchieva, M., Vasankari, T., Viiklepp, P., Villand, K., Wallenfels, J., Wesolowski, S., Mandalakas, A.M., Martinez, L., Zenner, D., and Lange, C.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BackgroundEuropean-specific policies for tuberculosis (TB) elimination require identification of key populations that benefit from TB screening.AimWe aimed to identify groups of foreign-born individuals residing in European countries that benefit most from targeted TB prevention screening.MethodsThe Tuberculosis Network European Trials group collected, by cross-sectional survey, numbers of foreign-born TB patients residing in European Union (EU) countries, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 from the 10 highest ranked countries of origin in terms of TB cases in each country of residence. Tuberculosis incidence rates (IRs) in countries of residence were compared with countries of origin.ResultsData on 9,116 foreign-born TB patients in 30 countries of residence were collected. Main countries of origin were Eritrea, India, Pakistan, Morocco, Romania and Somalia. Tuberculosis IRs were highest in patients of Eritrean and Somali origin in Greece and Malta (both > 1,000/100,000) and lowest among Ukrainian patients in Poland (3.6/100,000). They were mainly lower in countries of residence than countries of origin. However, IRs among Eritreans and Somalis in Greece and Malta were five times higher than in Eritrea and Somalia. Similarly, IRs among Eritreans in Germany, the Netherlands and the UK were four times higher than in Eritrea.ConclusionsCountry of origin TB IR is an insufficient indicator when targeting foreign-born populations for active case finding or TB prevention policies in the countries covered here. Elimination strategies should be informed by regularly collected country-specific data to address rapidly changing epidemiology and associated risks.

Published
2023

5. Country differences and determinants of yield in programmatic migrant TB screening in four European countries

Author

Menezes, D., primary, Zenner, D., additional, Aldridge, R., additional, Anderson, S. R., additional, de Vries, G., additional, Erkens, C., additional, Marchese, V., additional, Matteeli, A., additional, Muzyamba, M., additional, Nederby-Öhd, J., additional, van Rest, J., additional, Spruijt, I., additional, Were, J., additional, Lönnroth, K., additional, Abubakar, I., additional, and Cobelens, F., additional

Published
2022
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6. Drivers determining active TB screening yield in different European screening programmes: a comparative analysis.

Author

Zenner, D, primary, Brals, D, additional, Erkens, C, additional, Matteeli, A, additional, Nederby Öhd, J, additional, Menezes, D, additional, De Vries, G, additional, Muzyamba, M, additional, Van Rest, J, additional, Marchese, V, additional, Aldridge, R, additional, Spruijt, I, additional, Were, J, additional, Anderson, S, additional, Lönnroth, K, additional, Abubakar, I, additional, and Cobelens, F, additional

Published
2022
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11. Country-specific approaches to latent tuberculosis screening targeting migrants in EU/EEA* countries: A survey of national experts, September 2019 to February 2020

Author

Margineanu, I, Rustage, K, Noori, T, Zenner, D, Greenaway, C, Pareek, M, Akkerman, O, Hayward, S, Friedland, JS, Goletti, D, Stienstra, Y, Hargreaves, S, and ESGITM/ESGMYC Study Groups

Abstract

BackgroundMigrants in low tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) are an at-risk group for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and are increasingly included in LTBI screening programmes.AimTo investigate current approaches and implement LTBI screening in recently arrived migrants in the EU/EEA and Switzerland.MethodsAt least one TB expert working at a national level from the EU/EEA and one TB expert from Switzerland completed an electronic questionnaire. We used descriptive analyses to calculate percentages, and framework analysis to synthesise free-text responses.ResultsExperts from 32 countries were invited to participate (30 countries responded): 15 experts reported an LTBI screening programme targeting migrants in their country; five reported plans to implement one in the near future; and 10 reported having no programme. LTBI screening was predominantly for asylum seekers (n = 12) and refugees (n = 11). Twelve countries use 'country of origin' as the main eligibility criteria. The countries took similar approaches to diagnosis and treatment but different approaches to follow-up. Six experts reported that drop-out rates in migrants were higher compared with non-migrant groups. Most of the experts (n = 22) called for a renewed focus on expanding efforts to screen for LTBI in migrants arriving in low-incidence countries.ConclusionWe found a range of approaches to LTBI screening of migrants in the EU/EEA and Switzerland. Findings suggest a renewed focus is needed to expand and strengthen efforts to meaningfully include migrants in these programmes, in order to meet regional and global elimination targets for TB.

Published
2022

12. Tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection: description of the global cohort

Author

Casco, N, Jorge, AL, Palmero, DJ, Alffenaar, J-W, Denholm, J, Fox, GJ, Ezz, W, Cho, J-G, Skrahina, A, Solodovnikova, V, Bachez, P, Piubello, A, Arbex, MA, Alves, T, Rabahi, MF, Pereira, GR, Sales, R, Silva, DR, Saffie, MM, Miranda, RC, Cancino, V, Carbonell, M, Cisterna, C, Concha, C, Cruz, A, Salinas, NE, Revillot, ME, Valdes, JF, Fernandez, I, Flores, X, Tapia, PG, Garavagno, A, Vera, CG, Bahamondes, MH, Merino, LM, Munoz, E, Munoz, C, Navarro, I, Subiabre, JN, Ortega, C, Palma, S, Pradenas, AM, Pereira, G, Castillo, PP, Pinto, M, Pizarro, R, Bidegain, FR, Rodriguez, P, Sanchez, C, Salinas, AS, Soto, A, Taiba, C, Venegas, M, Riquelme, MSV, Vilca, E, Villalon, C, Yucra, E, Li, Y, Guelvez, B, Plaza, RV, Hoyos, KYT, Andrejak, C, Blanc, F-X, Dourmane, S, Froissart, A, Izadifar, A, Riviere, F, Schlemmer, F, Manika, K, Diallo, BD, Hassane-Harouna, S, Artiles, N, Mejia, LA, Gupta, N, Ish, P, Mishra, G, Sharma, S, Singla, R, Udwadia, ZF, Alladio, F, Angeli, F, Calcagno, A, Centis, R, Codecasa, LR, D'Ambrosio, L, Lauretis, AD, Esposito, S, Formenti, B, Gaviraghi, A, Giacomet, V, Goletti, D, Gualano, G, Matteelli, A, Migliori, GB, Motta, I, Palmieri, F, Pontali, E, Prestileo, T, Riccardi, N, Saderi, L, Saporiti, M, Sotgiu, G, Stochino, C, Tadolini, M, Torre, A, Villa, S, Visca, D, Danila, E, Diktanas, S, Ridaura, RL, Lopez, FLL, Torrico, MM, Rendon, A, Akkerman, OW, Souleymane, MB, Al-Abri, S, Alyaquobi, F, Althohli, K, Aizpurua, E, Gonzales, R, Jurado, J, Loban, A, Aguirre, S, Teixeira, RC, De Egea, V, Irala, S, Medina, A, Sequera, G, Sosa, N, Vazquez, F, Llanos-Tejada, FK, Manga, S, Villanueva-Villegas, R, Araujo, D, Duarte, R, Marques, TS, Grecu, VI, Socaci, A, Barkanova, O, Bogorodskaya, M, Borisov, S, Mariandyshev, A, Kaluzhenina, A, Vukicevic, TA, Stosic, M, Beh, D, Ng, D, Ong, CWM, Solovic, I, Dheda, K, Gina, P, Caminero, JA, Cardoso-Landivar, J, Galvao, MLDS, Dominguez-Castellano, A, Garcia-Garcia, J-M, Pinargote, IM, Fernandez, SQ, Sanchez-Montalva, A, Huguet, ET, Murguiondo, MZ, Bart, P-A, Mazza-Stalder, J, Bakko, F, Barnacle, J, Brown, A, Chandran, S, Killington, K, Man, K, Papineni, P, Tiberi, S, Utjesanovic, N, Zenner, D, Hearn, JL, Heysell, S, Young, L, Casco, N, Jorge, AL, Palmero, DJ, Alffenaar, J-W, Denholm, J, Fox, GJ, Ezz, W, Cho, J-G, Skrahina, A, Solodovnikova, V, Bachez, P, Piubello, A, Arbex, MA, Alves, T, Rabahi, MF, Pereira, GR, Sales, R, Silva, DR, Saffie, MM, Miranda, RC, Cancino, V, Carbonell, M, Cisterna, C, Concha, C, Cruz, A, Salinas, NE, Revillot, ME, Valdes, JF, Fernandez, I, Flores, X, Tapia, PG, Garavagno, A, Vera, CG, Bahamondes, MH, Merino, LM, Munoz, E, Munoz, C, Navarro, I, Subiabre, JN, Ortega, C, Palma, S, Pradenas, AM, Pereira, G, Castillo, PP, Pinto, M, Pizarro, R, Bidegain, FR, Rodriguez, P, Sanchez, C, Salinas, AS, Soto, A, Taiba, C, Venegas, M, Riquelme, MSV, Vilca, E, Villalon, C, Yucra, E, Li, Y, Guelvez, B, Plaza, RV, Hoyos, KYT, Andrejak, C, Blanc, F-X, Dourmane, S, Froissart, A, Izadifar, A, Riviere, F, Schlemmer, F, Manika, K, Diallo, BD, Hassane-Harouna, S, Artiles, N, Mejia, LA, Gupta, N, Ish, P, Mishra, G, Sharma, S, Singla, R, Udwadia, ZF, Alladio, F, Angeli, F, Calcagno, A, Centis, R, Codecasa, LR, D'Ambrosio, L, Lauretis, AD, Esposito, S, Formenti, B, Gaviraghi, A, Giacomet, V, Goletti, D, Gualano, G, Matteelli, A, Migliori, GB, Motta, I, Palmieri, F, Pontali, E, Prestileo, T, Riccardi, N, Saderi, L, Saporiti, M, Sotgiu, G, Stochino, C, Tadolini, M, Torre, A, Villa, S, Visca, D, Danila, E, Diktanas, S, Ridaura, RL, Lopez, FLL, Torrico, MM, Rendon, A, Akkerman, OW, Souleymane, MB, Al-Abri, S, Alyaquobi, F, Althohli, K, Aizpurua, E, Gonzales, R, Jurado, J, Loban, A, Aguirre, S, Teixeira, RC, De Egea, V, Irala, S, Medina, A, Sequera, G, Sosa, N, Vazquez, F, Llanos-Tejada, FK, Manga, S, Villanueva-Villegas, R, Araujo, D, Duarte, R, Marques, TS, Grecu, VI, Socaci, A, Barkanova, O, Bogorodskaya, M, Borisov, S, Mariandyshev, A, Kaluzhenina, A, Vukicevic, TA, Stosic, M, Beh, D, Ng, D, Ong, CWM, Solovic, I, Dheda, K, Gina, P, Caminero, JA, Cardoso-Landivar, J, Galvao, MLDS, Dominguez-Castellano, A, Garcia-Garcia, J-M, Pinargote, IM, Fernandez, SQ, Sanchez-Montalva, A, Huguet, ET, Murguiondo, MZ, Bart, P-A, Mazza-Stalder, J, Bakko, F, Barnacle, J, Brown, A, Chandran, S, Killington, K, Man, K, Papineni, P, Tiberi, S, Utjesanovic, N, Zenner, D, Hearn, JL, Heysell, S, and Young, L

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Information on tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still limited. The aim of this study was to describe the features of the TB/COVID-19 co-infected individuals from a prospective, anonymised, multicountry register-based cohort with special focus on the determinants of mortality and other outcomes. METHODS: We enrolled all patients of any age with either active TB or previous TB and COVID-19. 172 centres from 34 countries provided individual data on 767 TB-COVID-19 co-infected patients, (>50% population-based). RESULTS: Of 767 patients, 553 (74.0%) out of 747 had TB before COVID-19 (including 234 out of 747 with previous TB), 71 (9.5%) out of 747 had COVID-19 first and 123 (16.5%) out of 747 had both diseases diagnosed within the same week (n=35 (4.6%) on the same day). 85 (11.08%) out of 767 patients died (41 (14.2%) out of 289 in Europe and 44 (9.2%) out of 478 outside Europe; p=0.03): 42 (49.4%) from COVID-19, 31 (36.5%) from COVID-19 and TB, one (1.2%) from TB and 11 from other causes. In the univariate analysis on mortality the following variables reached statistical significance: age, male gender, having more than one comorbidity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, chronic renal disease, presence of key symptoms, invasive ventilation and hospitalisation due to COVID-19. The final multivariable logistic regression model included age, male gender and invasive ventilation as independent contributors to mortality. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that TB and COVID-19 are a "cursed duet" and need immediate attention. TB should be considered a risk factor for severe COVID disease and patients with TB should be prioritised for COVID-19 preventative efforts, including vaccination.

Published
2022

13. Clinical standards for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB infection

Author

Migliori, GB, Wu, SJ, Matteelli, A, Zenner, D, Goletti, D, Ahmedov, S, Al-Abri, S, Allen, DM, Balcells, ME, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Cambau, E, Chaisson, RE, Chee, CBE, Dalcolmo, MP, Denholm, JT, Erkens, C, Esposito, S, Farnia, P, Friedland, JS, Graham, S, Hamada, Y, Harries, AD, Kay, AW, Kritski, A, Manga, S, Marais, BJ, Menzies, D, Ng, D, Petrone, L, Rendon, A, Silva, DR, Schaaf, HS, Skrahina, A, Sotgiu, G, Thwaites, G, Tiberi, S, Tukvadze, N, Zellweger, J-P, Ambrosio, LD, Centis, R, Ong, CWM, Migliori, GB, Wu, SJ, Matteelli, A, Zenner, D, Goletti, D, Ahmedov, S, Al-Abri, S, Allen, DM, Balcells, ME, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Cambau, E, Chaisson, RE, Chee, CBE, Dalcolmo, MP, Denholm, JT, Erkens, C, Esposito, S, Farnia, P, Friedland, JS, Graham, S, Hamada, Y, Harries, AD, Kay, AW, Kritski, A, Manga, S, Marais, BJ, Menzies, D, Ng, D, Petrone, L, Rendon, A, Silva, DR, Schaaf, HS, Skrahina, A, Sotgiu, G, Thwaites, G, Tiberi, S, Tukvadze, N, Zellweger, J-P, Ambrosio, LD, Centis, R, and Ong, CWM

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) decreases the risk of developing TB disease and its associated morbidity and mortality. The aim of these clinical standards is to guide the assessment, management of TB infection (TBI) and implementation of TPT.METHODS: A panel of global experts in the field of TB care was identified; 41 participated in a Delphi process. A 5-point Likert scale was used to score the initial standards. After rounds of revision, the document was approved with 100% agreement.RESULTS: Eight clinical standards were defined: Standard 1, all individuals belonging to at-risk groups for TB should undergo testing for TBI; Standard 2, all individual candidates for TPT (including caregivers of children) should undergo a counselling/health education session; Standard 3, testing for TBI: timing and test of choice should be optimised; Standard 4, TB disease should be excluded prior to initiation of TPT; Standard 5, all candidates for TPT should undergo a set of baseline examinations; Standard 6, all individuals initiating TPT should receive one of the recommended regimens; Standard 7, all individuals who have started TPT should be monitored; Standard 8, a TBI screening and testing register should be kept to inform the cascade of care.CONCLUSION: This is the first consensus-based set of Clinical Standards for TBI. This document guides clinicians, programme managers and public health officers in planning and implementing adequate measures to assess and manage TBI.

Published
2022

15. A feasibility study evaluating the uptake, effectiveness and acceptability of routine screening of pregnant migrants for latent tuberculosis infection in antenatal care: a research protocol

Author

Rahman, A, primary, Thangaratinam, Shakila, additional, Copas, Andrew, additional, Zenner, D, additional, White, Peter J, additional, Griffiths, Chris, additional, Abubakar, Ibrahim, additional, McCourt, Christine, additional, and Kunst, Heinke, additional

Published
2022
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16. Clinical standards for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB infection

Author

Migliori, G. B., primary, Wu, S. J., additional, Matteelli, A., additional, Zenner, D., additional, Goletti, D., additional, Ahmedov, S., additional, Al-Abri, S., additional, Allen, D. M., additional, Balcells, M. E., additional, Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., additional, Cambau, E., additional, Chaisson, R. E., additional, Chee, C. B. E., additional, Dalcolmo, M. P., additional, Denholm, J. T., additional, Erkens, C., additional, Esposito, S., additional, Farnia, P., additional, Friedland, J. S., additional, Graham, S., additional, Hamada, Y., additional, Harries, A. D., additional, Kay, A. W., additional, Kritski, A., additional, Manga, S., additional, Marais, B. J., additional, Menzies, D., additional, Ng, D., additional, Petrone, L., additional, Rendon, A., additional, Silva, D. R., additional, Schaaf, H. S., additional, Skrahina, A., additional, Sotgiu, G., additional, Thwaites, G., additional, Tiberi, S., additional, Tukvadze, N., additional, Zellweger, J.-P., additional, D´Ambrosio, L., additional, Centis, R., additional, and Ong, C. W. M., additional

Published
2022
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18. Tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection: description of the global cohort

Author

Migliori, G. B., Casco, N., Jorge, A. L., Palmero, D. J., Alffenaar, J. -W., Denholm, J., Fox, G. J., Ezz, W., Cho, J. -G., Skrahina, A., Solodovnikova, V., Bachez, P., Piubello, A., Arbex, M. A., Alves, T., Rabahi, M. F., Pereira, G. R., Sales, R., Silva, D. R., Saffie, M. M., Miranda, R. C., Cancino, V., Carbonell, M., Cisterna, C., Concha, C., Cruz, A., Salinas, N. E., Revillot, M. E., Valdes, J. F., Fernandez, I., Flores, X., Tapia, P. G., Garavagno, A., Vera, C. G., Bahamondes, M. H., Merino, L. M., Munoz, E., Munoz, C., Navarro, I., Subiabre, J. N., Ortega, C., Palma, S., Pradenas, A. M., Pereira, G., Castillo, P. P., Pinto, M., Pizarro, R., Bidegain, F. R., Rodriguez, P., Sanchez, C., Salinas, A. S., Soto, A., Taiba, C., Venegas, M., Riquelme, M. S. V., Vilca, E., Villalon, C., Yucra, E., Li, Y., Guelvez, B., Plaza, R. V., Hoyos, K. Y. T., Andrejak, C., Blanc, F. -X., Dourmane, S., Froissart, A., Izadifar, A., Riviere, F., Schlemmer, F., Manika, K., Diallo, B. D., Hassane-Harouna, S., Artiles, N., Mejia, L. A., Gupta, N., Ish, P., Mishra, G., Sharma, S., Singla, R., Udwadia, Z. F., Alladio, F., Angeli, F., Calcagno, A., Centis, R., Codecasa, L. R., D'Ambrosio, L., De Lauretis, A., Esposito, S., Formenti, B., Gaviraghi, A., Giacomet, V., Goletti, D., Gualano, G., Matteelli, A., Motta, I., Palmieri, F., Pontali, E., Prestileo, T., Riccardi, N., Saderi, L., Saporiti, M., Sotgiu, G., Stochino, C., Tadolini, M., Torre, A., Villa, S., Visca, D., Danila, E., Diktanas, S., Ridaura, R. L., Lopez, F. L. L., Torrico, M. M., Rendon, A., Akkerman, O. W., Souleymane, M. B., Al-Abri, S., Alyaquobi, F., Althohli, K., Aizpurua, E., Gonzales, R., Jurado, J., Loban, A., Aguirre, S., Teixeira, R. C., De Egea, V., Irala, S., Medina, A., Sequera, G., Sosa, N., Vazquez, F., Llanos-Tejada, F. K., Manga, S., Villanueva-Villegas, R., Araujo, D., Duarte, R., Marques, T. S., Grecu, V. I., Socaci, A., Barkanova, O., Bogorodskaya, M., Borisov, S., Mariandyshev, A., Kaluzhenina, A., Vukicevic, T. A., Stosic, M., Beh, D., Ng, D., Ong, C. W. M., Solovic, I., Dheda, K., Gina, P., Caminero, J. A., Cardoso-Landivar, J., De Souza Galvao, M. L., Dominguez-Castellano, A., Garcia-Garcia, J. -M., Pinargote, I. M., Fernandez, S. Q., Sanchez-Montalva, A., Huguet, E. T., Murguiondo, M. Z., Bart, P. -A., Mazza-Stalder, J., Bakko, F., Barnacle, J., Brown, A., Chandran, S., Killington, K., Man, K., Papineni, P., Tiberi, S., Utjesanovic, N., Zenner, D., Hearn, J. L., Heysell, S., and Young, L.

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Cohort Studies, Male, Coinfection, Humans, Prospective Studies, COVID-19, Tuberculosis, Original Research Article
Abstract

BackgroundInformation on tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still limited. The aim of this study was to describe the features of the TB/COVID-19 co-infected individuals from a prospective, anonymised, multicountry register-based cohort with special focus on the determinants of mortality and other outcomes.MethodsWe enrolled all patients of any age with either active TB or previous TB and COVID-19. 172 centres from 34 countries provided individual data on 767 TB-COVID-19 co-infected patients, (>50% population-based).ResultsOf 767 patients, 553 (74.0%) out of 747 had TB before COVID-19 (including 234 out of 747 with previous TB), 71 (9.5%) out of 747 had COVID-19 first and 123 (16.5%) out of 747 had both diseases diagnosed within the same week (n=35 (4.6%) on the same day). 85 (11.08%) out of 767 patients died (41 (14.2%) out of 289 in Europe and 44 (9.2%) out of 478 outside Europe; p=0.03): 42 (49.4%) from COVID-19, 31 (36.5%) from COVID-19 and TB, one (1.2%) from TB and 11 from other causes. In the univariate analysis on mortality the following variables reached statistical significance: age, male gender, having more than one comorbidity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, chronic renal disease, presence of key symptoms, invasive ventilation and hospitalisation due to COVID-19. The final multivariable logistic regression model included age, male gender and invasive ventilation as independent contributors to mortality.ConclusionThe data suggest that TB and COVID-19 are a “cursed duet” and need immediate attention. TB should be considered a risk factor for severe COVID disease and patients with TB should be prioritised for COVID-19 preventative efforts, including vaccination.

Published
2021

20. S39 Is the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection amongst recent migrants safe and effective in primary care?

Author

Burman, M, primary, Zenner, D, additional, Copas, A, additional, Goscé, L, additional, Haghparast-Bidgoli, H, additional, White, P, additional, Hickson, V, additional, Greyson, O, additional, Trathen, D, additional, Ashcroft, R, additional, Martineau, A, additional, Abubakar, I, additional, Griffiths, C, additional, and Kunst, H, additional

Published
2021
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23. Screening for Tuberculosis in Migrants: A Survey by the Global Tuberculosis Network

Author

D'Ambrosio, L, Centis, R, Dobler, CC, Tiberi, S, Matteelli, A, Denholm, J, Zenner, D, Al-Abri, S, Alyaquobi, F, Arbex, MA, Belilovskiy, E, Blanc, F-X, Borisov, S, Carvalho, ACC, Chakaya, JM, Cocco, N, Codecasa, LR, Dalcolmo, MP, Dheda, K, Dinh-Xuan, AT, Esposito, SR, Garcia-Garcia, J-M, Li, Y, Manga, S, Marchese, V, Munoz Torrico, M, Pontali, E, Rendon, A, Rossato Silva, D, Singla, R, Solovic, I, Sotgiu, G, van den Boom, M, Nhung, NV, Zellweger, J-P, Migliori, GB, D'Ambrosio, L, Centis, R, Dobler, CC, Tiberi, S, Matteelli, A, Denholm, J, Zenner, D, Al-Abri, S, Alyaquobi, F, Arbex, MA, Belilovskiy, E, Blanc, F-X, Borisov, S, Carvalho, ACC, Chakaya, JM, Cocco, N, Codecasa, LR, Dalcolmo, MP, Dheda, K, Dinh-Xuan, AT, Esposito, SR, Garcia-Garcia, J-M, Li, Y, Manga, S, Marchese, V, Munoz Torrico, M, Pontali, E, Rendon, A, Rossato Silva, D, Singla, R, Solovic, I, Sotgiu, G, van den Boom, M, Nhung, NV, Zellweger, J-P, and Migliori, GB

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) does not respect borders, and migration confounds global TB control and elimination. Systematic screening of immigrants from TB high burden settings and-to a lesser degree TB infection (TBI)-is recommended in most countries with a low incidence of TB. The aim of the study was to evaluate the views of a diverse group of international health professionals on TB management among migrants. Participants expressed their level of agreement using a six-point Likert scale with different statements in an online survey available in English, French, Mandarin, Spanish, Portuguese and Russian. The survey consisted of eight sections, covering TB and TBI screening and treatment in migrants. A total of 1055 respondents from 80 countries and territories participated between November 2019 and April 2020. The largest professional groups were pulmonologists (16.8%), other clinicians (30.4%), and nurses (11.8%). Participants generally supported infection control and TB surveillance established practices (administrative interventions, personal protection, etc.), while they disagreed on how to diagnose and manage both TB and TBI, particularly on which TBI regimens to use and when patients should be hospitalised. The results of this first knowledge, attitude and practice study on TB screening and treatment in migrants will inform public health policy and educational resources.

Published
2021

26. Tools to implement the World Health Organization End TB Strategy: Addressing common challenges in high and low endemic countries

Author

Al Abri, S, Kasaeva, T, Migliori, GB, Goletti, D, Zenner, D, Denholm, J, Al Maani, A, Cirillo, DM, Schon, T, Lillebaek, T, Al-Jardani, A, Go, U-Y, Dias, HM, Tiberi, S, Al Yaquobi, F, Khamis, FA, Kurup, P, Wilson, M, Memish, Z, Al Maqbali, A, Akhtar, M, Wejse, C, Petersen, E, Al Abri, S, Kasaeva, T, Migliori, GB, Goletti, D, Zenner, D, Denholm, J, Al Maani, A, Cirillo, DM, Schon, T, Lillebaek, T, Al-Jardani, A, Go, U-Y, Dias, HM, Tiberi, S, Al Yaquobi, F, Khamis, FA, Kurup, P, Wilson, M, Memish, Z, Al Maqbali, A, Akhtar, M, Wejse, C, and Petersen, E

Abstract

AIM: The purpose of this viewpoint is to summarize the advantages and constraints of the tools and strategies available for reducing the annual incidence of tuberculosis (TB) by implementing the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy and the linked WHO TB Elimination Framework, with special reference to Oman. METHODS: The case-study was built based on the presentations and discussions at an international workshop on TB elimination in low incidence countries organized by the Ministry of Health, Oman, which took place from September 5 to September 7, 2019, and supported by the WHO and European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID). RESULTS: Existing tools were reviewed, including the screening of migrants for latent TB infection (LTBI) with interferon-gamma release assays, clinical examination for active pulmonary TB (APTB) including chest X-rays, organization of laboratory services, and the existing centres for mandatory health examination of pre-arrival or arriving migrants, including examination for APTB. The need for public-private partnerships to handle the burden of screening arriving migrants for active TB was discussed at length and different models for financing were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: In a country with a high proportion of migrants from high endemic countries, screening for LTBI is of high priority. Molecular typing and the development of public-private partnerships are needed.

Published
2020

27. S87 Discovery and validation of a personalised risk predictor for incident tuberculosis in settings aiming towards pre-elimination (PERISKOPE-TB)

Author

Gupta, RK, primary, Calderwood, CJ, additional, Yavlinksy, A, additional, Krutikov, M, additional, Quartagno, M, additional, Aichelburg, MC, additional, Altet, N, additional, Diel, R, additional, Dobler, CC, additional, Dominguez, J, additional, Doyle, JS, additional, Erkens, C, additional, Geis, S, additional, Haldar, P, additional, Hauri, AM, additional, Hermansen, T, additional, Johnston, JC, additional, Lange, C, additional, Lange, B, additional, van Leth, F, additional, Munoz, L, additional, Roder, C, additional, Romanowski, K, additional, Roth, D, additional, Sester, M, additional, Sloot, R, additional, Sotgiu, G, additional, Woltmann, G, additional, Yoshiyama, T, additional, Zellweger, J-P, additional, Zenner, D, additional, Aldridge, RW, additional, Copas, A, additional, Rangaka, MX, additional, Lipman, M, additional, Noursadeghi, M, additional, and Abubakar, I, additional

Published
2021
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33. Protocol for a cluster randomised control trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of treatment for latent tuberculosis infection in recent migrants within primary care: the CATAPuLT trial

Author

Burman, M., primary, Copas, A., additional, Zenner, D., additional, Hickson, V., additional, Gosce, L., additional, Trathen, D., additional, Ashcroft, R., additional, Martineau, A. R., additional, Abubakar, I., additional, Griffiths, C., additional, and Kunst, H., additional

Published
2019
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35. Prevention and assessment of infectious diseases among children and adult migrants arriving to the European Union/European Economic Association: a protocol for a suite of systematic reviews for public health and health systems

Author

Pottie, K, Mayhew, AD, Morton, RL, Greenaway, C, Akl, EA, Rahman, P, Zenner, D, Pareek, M, Tugwell, P, Welch, V, Meerpohl, J, Alonso-Coello, P, Hui, C, Biggs, BA, Requena-Mendez, A, Agbata, E, Noori, T, and Schunemann, HJ

Abstract

Introduction The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control is developing evidence-based guidance for voluntary screening, treatment and vaccine prevention of infectious diseases for newly arriving migrants to the European Union/European Economic Area. The objective of this systematic review protocol is to guide the identification, appraisal and synthesis of the best available evidence on prevention and assessment of the following priority infectious diseases: tuberculosis, HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis (polio), Haemophilus influenza disease, strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis. Methods and analysis The search strategy will identify evidence from existing systematic reviews and then update the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness evidence using prospective trials, economic evaluations and/or recently published systematic reviews. Interdisciplinary teams have designed logic models to help define study inclusion and exclusion criteria, guiding the search strategy and identifying relevant outcomes. We will assess the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Ethics and dissemination There are no ethical or safety issues. We anticipate disseminating the findings through open-access publications, conference abstracts and presentations. We plan to publish technical syntheses as GRADEpro evidence summaries and the systematic reviews as part of a special edition open-access publication on refugee health. We are following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols reporting guideline. This protocol is registered in PROSPERO: CRD42016045798.

Published
2017

41. Tuberculosis and latent tuberculous infection screening of migrants in Europe: comparative analysis of policies, surveillance systems and results

Author

Kunst, H., primary, Burman, M., additional, Arnesen, T. M., additional, Fiebig, L., additional, Hergens, M-P., additional, Kalkouni, O., additional, Klinkenberg, E., additional, Orcau, À., additional, Soini, H., additional, Sotgiu, G., additional, Zenner, D., additional, and de Vries, G., additional

Published
2017
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44. Till receipts--a new approach for investigating outbreaks? Evaluation during a large Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 14b outbreak in a North West London takeaway restaurant, September 2009

Author

Zenner D, Julia Zollner, Charlett A, Marmairis W, Lane C, and Jy, Chow

Subjects
Adult, Restaurants, Adolescent, Eggs, Commerce, Disease Outbreaks, Feces, Salmonella enteritidis, Case-Control Studies, London, Salmonella Infections, Confidence Intervals, Food Microbiology, Animals, Humans, Female, Salmonella Food Poisoning, Contact Tracing, Salmonella Phages, Bacteriophage Typing, Chickens
Abstract

Selecting suitable controls for outbreak investigations is often difficult and if done inappropriately will lead to biased inferences. Till receipts and other sales records are frequently available on food premises, but their applicability has not been fully explored. Using data from an investigation into a Salmonella outbreak affecting 66 individuals exposed in a London takeaway restaurant, this study aimed to evaluate the use of till receipts to assess associations between sales and illness. Cases identified through local case-finding were subjected to a standardised exposure questionnaire. Till receipts over the time period when cases arose were analysed. Estimated food exposures from sales were compared to case reported exposures and till receipts analysis showed strong association between illness and consumption of rotisserie chicken (odds ratio (OR): 2.75; confidence interval (CI): 1.7-4.5). Chicken sales immediately prior to food consumption for cases were compared to two control periods in an ecological case-crossover design. On average there was an estimated increase of 3.7 (CI: 2.2-5.2) extra chickens sold in the hour immediately prior to the consumption in the cases (p0.0001) and the risk of becoming ill at busy times increased by 5% with each additional chicken quarter sold per hour (OR: 1.05; CI: 1.03-1.08). Microbiological and environmental investigations revealed Salmonella Enteritidis phage type (PT)14b in all available cases' stool samples, two environmental samples and leftover chicken from the takeaway. The feasibility of this novel approach to obtain exposure information in the population at risk has been demonstrated, and its limitations are discussed. Further validation is required, comparing results with those in a concurrent classic case-control study.

Published
2014

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