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Aim Being subjected to childhood maltreatment has devastating long-term adverse effects and is a major risk factor for mental health problems in adult life. There is empirical support that socio-political factors can be risk factors for childhood maltreatment. Here we examine whether socio-political context predicts self-rated childhood maltreatment in a sample of the German population. Methods Data were drawn from surveys of representative samples of the East and West German population, including participants born 1980 or earlier (5836 participants; 3146 women). Childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Screener, the German short screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire. To examine whether socio-political context is a predictor of childhood maltreatment in women and men, we conducted logistic regression analyses. Results We found that in women, socio-political context (West Germany) significantly predicted childhood maltreatment (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.7 [1.2–2.5], 1.6 [1.1–2.3], 2.5 [1.6–4.1] and 1.8 [1.3–2.5] for emotional neglect, and emotional, physical and sexual violence, respectively). In men, the socio-political context (West Germany) was a predictor of physical and sexual violence (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.8 [1.2–2.7] and 2.5 [1.4–4.5]), respectively. Concerning emotional neglect and violence, socio-political context was not a significant predictor in men. The examination of differential item functioning revealed that our results could not be attributed to differential response behaviour between East and West Germans caused by item bias. Conclusions The results suggest that socio-political context is an important determinant to consider when examining childhood maltreatment. Future research should continue to focus on risk and protective factors at the societal level, such as legal frameworks addressing gender equality and child protection laws, to create further evidence for population-wide prevention strategies ensuring safe, nurturing and thriving environments for children and families.

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is designed to provide an evaluation of one's self-worth. Investigations on the dimensionality of the RSES do not result in simple unifactorial solutions. The direction of the item wording has been suggested as a reason for the contamination of its factorial structure. Latent factor approaches allow for the modeling of method effects, and, particularly in bifactor models, configurations with substantive as well as additional specific factors can be specified. This paper analyzes data from a longitudinal survey in Germany. A bifactor solution with one substantive and two specific factors related to positive and negative wording performs best out of ten alternative models. Partial scalar invariance of the best-fitting model for gender is supported. Despite a non-significant gender difference in observed self-esteem mean scores, latent mean comparisons reveal a small advantage in favor of males, consistent with the literature, as well as a difference in one of the specific factors. When personality variables are used as predictors of the latent factors, emotional stability is a significant predictor of self-esteem and of both specific factors. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. 97 13 18 Cited By :2; Export Date: 19 July 2017

Although the importance of the NOD like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in health and disease is well appreciated a precise characterization of NLRP3 expression is yet undetermined. To this purpose we generated a knock in mouse in which the Nlrp3 coding sequence was substituted for the GFP (enhanced GFP [egfp]) gene. In this way the expression of eGFP is driven by the endogenous regulatory elements of the Nlrp3 gene. In this study we show that eGFP expression indeed mirrors that of NLRP3. Interestingly splenic neutrophils macrophages and in particular monocytes and conventional dendritic cells showed robust eGFP fluorescence whereas lymphoid subsets eosinophils and plasmacytoid dendritic cells showed negligible eGFP levels. NLRP3 expression was highly inducible in macrophages both by MyD88 and Trif dependent pathways. In vivo when mice were challenged with diverse inflammatory stimuli differences in both the number of eGFP expressing cells and fluorescence intensity were observed in the draining lymph node. Thus NLRP3 levels at the site of adaptive response initiation are controlled by recruitment of NLRP3 expressing cells and by NLRP3 induction.

Hintergrund: Für bariatrische Patienten ist körperliche Aktivität ebenso essentiell wie für konservativ behandelte adipöse Patienten, um postoperativ das Gewicht langfristig zu reduzieren und Gesundheitsrisiken zu minimieren. Das Bewegungsverhalten dieser Patienten ist jedoch[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 4. Wissenschaftlicher Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Essstörungen

The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement invariance of the Self-Compassion Scale by IRT differential test functioning in ten distinct populations (n = 13623 participants) from ten different countries: Australia (n = 517), China (n = 321), Czech Republic (n = 5081), Germany (n = 2510), Italy (n = 384), Portugal (n = 512), Slovakia (n = 1181), South Korea (n = 1813), Turkey (n = 471), and USA (n = 833). We assessed differential test functioning for the two SCS subscales, Self-compassionate responding and Self-uncompassionate responding separately, because previous bifactor and two-tier analyses of the scale showed the best fit with two separate general factors, and not for the overall score. Only 13 of the 45 comparisons for Self-compassionate responding and 13 of the 45 comparisons for Self-uncompassionate responding (analyses of every pair) demonstrated measurement invariance (no differential test functioning). Generally, our results revealed that the two subscales of Self-compassionate responding and Self-uncompassionate responding were not equivalent among all countries and groups. Therefore, it is impossible to compare overall scores across all countries. Two subscales of the Self-Compassion Scale (Self-compassionate responding and Self-uncompassionate responding) are valid and reliable instruments with substantial potential of use cross-culturally, but results reveal significant cross-cultural differences in the way these two constructs are measured by the subscales of the SCS. Future analyses of the meanings and connotations of this construct across the world are necessary to develop a scale which allows cross-cultural comparisons of various treatment outcomes related to self-compassion., Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol 9, No 1 (2021)

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