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Estimating the incidence of COVID-19 skin manifestations on the general population in a territorial setting Furthermore, our group has a mean overall disease severity score lower than the populations of previous studies: more than 60% of patients have a low or the minimum disease grade (Table 1). I Dear Editor, i Research teams that have attempted to calculate and estimate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 skin eruptions have done so mainly in a hospital setting.1,2 Consequently, reports are often affected by selection bias (hospitalized patients) and numerous confounding factors such as poly-drugs regimens and comorbidities.3 We, therefore, wanted to assess the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 skin signs on a more representative group of the general population. [Extracted from the article]

5 Vera-Recabarren MA, García-Carrasco M, Ramos-Casals M, Herrero C. Comparative analysis of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus: clinical and immunological study of 270 patients. I Dear Editor, i We describe a subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) case developed after vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.1 A 30-year-old Italian woman presented due to the sudden occurrence of papules and plaques on her face and upper back. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus induction after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a patient with primary biliary cholangitis. [Extracted from the article]

The patients in this manuscript have given written informed consent to the publication of their case details. Serum ACE2, angiotensin II, and aldosterone levels are unchanged in patients with COVID-19. Spike protein portions could bind to the NRP-1 and interfere with the VEFG-R, which has been already described to cause cherry angiomas proliferation when dysregulated. [Extracted from the article]

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak in Italy completely changed patient access to healthcare systems and therefore the doctor-patient relationship, particularly during the national lockdown (11 March-18 May). This situation dramatically changed our daily hospital-based activities: the number of both outpatient visits and surgical procedures was drastically reduced, as only urgent and oncological visits were allowed.2 Furthermore, a new system of teledermatology consultations for most of the noncritically ill patients in COVID-19 wards and intensive care units was implemented, similar to those applied in other countries.3 The reorganization of our unit had a particularly heavy impact on medical residents. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83: e69 - 71. 4 Mufti A, Maliyar K, Sachdeva M, Doiron P. Modifications to dermatology residency education during the COVID-19 pandemic. [Extracted from the article]

Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (PCSM-LPDs), represent a rare group of haematological diseases primarily affecting the skin. In this retrospective single-centre case series study, we aimed to investigate the demographic, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of PCSM-LPD. We collected data from cases diagnosed between 2010 and the present, employing histopathological and immunohistochemical methods following the World Health Organization criteria. We included 22 patients with a median age of 61.5 years and a median time between clinical onset and diagnosis of 3.0 months. Surgical excision with conservative margins was the primary choice, showing clinical remission in 17 cases, while nonsurgical treatments, including radiotherapy, high-potency steroids and ablative laser, achieved clinical remission in four cases. Clinical presentations varied, but the most common was a single violaceous nodule or papule on the upper body parts. In conclusion, our single-centre case series provides valuable insights into PCSM-LPD, highlighting the effectiveness of surgical treatments and the potential of nonsurgical ones. Even if controversial, the benign nature of PCSM-LPD emphasizes the importance of achieving tumour clearance with acceptable aesthetic outcomes., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Association of Dermatologists.)

The CCR4 receptor is a pivotal target in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) therapy due to its role in impairing immune responses against malignant T-cells and expression profiles. Monoclonal antibodies like mogamulizumab effectively bind to CCR4, reducing tumour burden and enhancing patient outcomes by inhibiting the receptor's interaction with ligands, thereby hindering malignant T-cell migration and survival. Combining CCR4 antibodies with chemotherapy, radiation, and other drugs is being explored for synergistic effects. Additionally, small-molecular inhibitors, old pharmacological agents interacting with CCR4, and CAR-T therapies are under investigation. Challenges include drug resistance, off-target effects, and patient selection, addressed through ongoing trials refining protocols and identifying biomarkers. Despite advancements, real-life data for most of the emerging treatments are needed to temper expectations. In conclusion, CCR4-targeted therapies show promise for CTCL management, but challenges persist. Continued research aims to optimise treatments, enhance outcomes, and transform CTCL management. This review aims to elucidate the biological rationale and the several agents under various stages of development and clinical evaluation with the actual known data.

Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs), encompassing mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), present a complex landscape influenced by cytokines and cellular responses. In this work, the intricate relationship between these inflammatory proteins and disease pathogenesis is examined, focusing on what is known at the clinical and therapeutic levels regarding the most well-known inflammatory mediators. An in-depth look is given to their possible alterations caused by novel immunomodulatory drugs and how they may alter disease progression. From this narrative review of the actual scientific landscape, Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) emerges as a central player, demonstrating a dual role in both promoting and inhibiting cancer immunity, but the work navigates through all the major interleukins known in inflammatory environments. Immunotherapeutic perspectives are elucidated, highlighting the crucial role of the cutaneous microenvironment in shaping dysfunctional cell trafficking, antitumor immunity, and angiogenesis in MF, showcasing advancements in understanding and targeting the immune phenotype in CTCL. In summary, this manuscript aims to comprehensively explore the multifaceted aspects of CTCL, from the immunopathogenesis and cytokine dynamics centred around TNF-α and IFN-γ to evolving therapeutic modalities. Including all the major known and studied cytokines in this analysis broadens our understanding of the intricate interplay influencing CTCL, paving the way for improved management of this complex lymphoma.

Many automated approaches have been proposed in literature to quantify clinically relevant wound features based on image processing analysis, aiming at removing human subjectivity and accelerate clinical practice. In this work we present a fully automated image processing pipeline leveraging deep learning and a large wound segmentation dataset to perform wound detection and following prediction of the Photographic Wound Assessment Tool (PWAT), automatizing the clinical judgement of the adequate wound healing. Starting from images acquired by smartphone cameras, a series of textural and morphological features are extracted from the wound areas, aiming to mimic the typical clinical considerations for wound assessment. The resulting extracted features can be easily interpreted by the clinician and allow a quantitative estimation of the PWAT scores. The features extracted from the region-of-interests detected by our pre-trained neural network model correctly predict the PWAT scale values with a Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.85 on a set of unseen images. The obtained results agree with the current state-of-the-art and provide a benchmark for future artificial intelligence applications in this research field., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome are the most common forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Early-stage MF is known to have an indolent behavior, and the EORTC guidelines recommend treating patients with skin-directed therapies, such as phototherapy, instead of systemic therapies. Phototherapy is a popular therapeutic option, with two commonly used light sources-PUVA and narrow band-nb UVB. PUVA is less commonly used due to its potential carcinogenic role, but it has systemic effects, while nb-UVB has mostly skin-limited effects. There is ongoing debate regarding the role of UVB light, and in 2021, the Cutaneous Lymphoma Italian Study Group reached a consensus on technical schedules for NB-UVB and PUVA for MF. This study aims to analyze and compare the efficacy of the two phototherapy options in treating early-MF patients., Materials and Methods: The study included patients diagnosed with stage IA/B MF in the last 10 years, who had at least 12 months of follow-up data and a minimum of 24 phototherapy sessions (PUVA or nb UVB) and treated with topical steroids apart from phototherapy., Results: Results showed that the two phototherapy options were similarly effective in treating early MF, with no significant differences in clinical response, although PUVA was associated with more adverse effects., Conclusions: The study provides valuable insights into the use of phototherapy in early MF, and the results can be used to guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes., (© 2023 The Authors. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: the authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: the authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

Among primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most frequent and, along with Sézary syndrome (SS), the best-studied subtype. Most available studies on epidemiology of MF and SS are based on small cohorts or different inclusion criteria. Moreover, although this has become a hot topic, most studies show limitations, such as selection bias and lack of clinical information or follow-up data. Therefore, no reliable conclusions can be drawn. This paper reviews the current data underpinning our understanding of the epidemiology of MF and SS, and presents some original findings based on data retrieved from the cutaneous lymphoma registry of the Italian Marche region. The Marche Regional Cutaneous Lymphoma Registry is a multidisciplinary team founded 27 years ago to share the management of these rare disorders. All patients with a clinical and histologically confirmed diagnosis of primary cutaneous lymphoma are centralized in Ancona (Italy) at the Haematology Clinic, Polytechnic University of Marche, for clinical evaluation, staging, treatment, and follow-up. This paper emphasizes the need for a national registry of pCLs in Italy, as no detailed epidemiological information is available in the country except for the Marche Regional Cutaneous Lymphoma Registry. A national registry would allow for more comprehensive data collection from all over Italy and could provide more accurate information on incidence and epidemiology. This would be beneficial for understanding the pathogenesis and diagnostic procedures of these diseases and could improve patient outcomes. Therefore, we advise the creation of a national registry of pCLs in Italy.

Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest the authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.