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To have a deeper understanding on the moisture migration patterns and microstructural changes of Green Sichuan Pepper during the hot-air drying process, the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methodology were adopted to analyze the moisture distribution, migration patterns and microscopic structural changes under different drying temperatures (45, 55 and 65 °C). The LF-NMR scanning results showed that the internal moisture of the Green Sichuan Pepper mainly includes bound water, immobilized water and free water, which can be respectively symbolized by the relaxation time ranges of T21 (0.1–10 ms), T22 (10–500 ms) and T23 (500–10,000 ms). The immobilized water accounts for 83.72% of the internal water, resulting in the significant drying difficulty of Green Sichuan Pepper. During the drying process, the content of immobilized water and free water exhibited a decreasing trend, while the bound moisture content initially increased and then decreased. In addition, the LF-NMR analysis showed that the parameters peak area A2 demonstrated a high correlation with the moisture content of Green Sichuan Pepper, enabling the prediction of moisture content changes during the drying process. Additionally, the SEM results showed that the pore degree and pore density on the pericarp surface of Green Sichuan Pepper perform significant changes during the drying process, which might be a good explanation for revealing some commonly recognized drying phenomena on Green Sichuan Pepper hot-air drying. In summary, the findings presented in the present work provide some new insights into the moisture distribution, migration patterns and microstructural changes of Green Sichuan Pepper, which can offer theoretical guidance for optimizing the drying process of Green Sichuan Pepper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agaricus bisporus, belonging to the genus Agaricus and the family Agaricaceae, is a popular commercially cultivated mushroom with rich nutritional and medical values. Cultivation of A. bisporus requires superior cultivars. Understanding the differences between wild and cultivated accession at the genetic level is crucial for mining loci and genes associated with cultivation-related traits, informing future breeding directions. Additionally, the identification of loci and genes associated with important agronomic traits (e.g., yield and quality) facilitates mushroom molecular breeding. In this study, we conducted sequencing of 200 strains of A. bisporus and analyzed genomic variations. Population structure and genetic relationships were investigated for 200 strains. Selection signs and genes were also obtained after selection sweep analysis. Thirteen candidate genes in the selective elimination regions had significantly different expression patterns at the fruit body stage. Moreover, six genes were identified for the esterase isozyme type through a combination of GWAS and RNA data. This study provides insight into environmental adaptation at the genetic base, providing valuable genetic resources for button mushroom molecular breeding to improve environmental adaptation, quality, or yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first occurrence of Marasmiellomycena and Pulverulina in the Chinese mycobiota are reported, M. tomentosa and P. flavoalba, two new species and M. albodescendens, a new combination, revealed by phylogenetic analyses and morphological study. These newly-recorded genera, Marasmiellomycena, which can be distinguished by their agaricoid basidiomata, dark-coloured stipe, sarcodimitic tramal structure, stipitipellis with yellow to yellowish-brown pigments and yellow-pigmented thick-walled caulocystidia and Pulverulina, which differs from other genera of Porotheleaceae by its pruinose stipe, decurrent lamellae, inamyloid basidiospores and absence of hymenial cystidia. We also formally describe three other new species of Porotheleaceae collected from Chinese temperate to subtropical zones of Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces: Clitocybula fuscostriata, Gerronema brunneosquamulosum and Leucoinocybe subglobispora. Furthermore, we include the results of a phylogenetic analysis of Porotheleaceae, based on a multi-locus (ITS , nrLSU and rpb2) dataset. According to this analysis, Chrysomycena, Clitocybula, Delicatula, Hydropodia, Hydropus, Leucoinocybe, Marasmiellomycena, Megacollybia, Pulverulina, Trogia and Vizzinia are monophyletic. However, Gerronema is identified as polyphyletic and, additionally, Porotheleum does not form a monophyletic group either because Porotheleum parvulum and Porotheleum albidum are "unassigned" in phylogenetic analysis. The results of our phylogenetic analyses, coupled with morphological observations, confirm recognition of these new taxa. Morphological descriptions, photographs, line drawings and comparisons with closely-related taxa are presented for the new species. A key to the 22 species belonging to nine genera of Porotheleaceae in China is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A virtual viewpoint generation method is proposed to address the problem of low fidelity in the generation of virtual viewpoints for images with overlapping pixel points. Virtual viewpoint generation factors such as overlaps, holes, cracks, and artifacts are analyzed and preprocessed. When the background of the hole is a simple texture, pheromone information around the hole is used as the support, a pixel at the edge of the hole is detected, and the hole is predicted at the same time, so that the hole area is filled in blocks. When the hole background has a relatively complex texture, the depth information of the hole pixels is updated with the inverse 3D transformation method, and the updated area pheromone is projected onto the auxiliary plane and compared with the known plane pixel auxiliary parameters. The hole filling is performed according to the symmetry of the pixel position of the auxiliary reference viewpoint plane to obtain the virtual viewpoint after optimization. The proposed method was validated using image quality metrics and objective evaluation metrics such as PSNR. The experimental results show that the proposed method could generate virtual viewpoints with high fidelity, excellent quality, and a short image-processing time, which effectively enhanced the virtual viewpoint generation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work proposes a novel industrial multi-field synergistic dryer with a drying capacity of 3.45 t/h. The energy, exergy, and quality aspects of the drying process were studied. An energy–exergy methodology was employed to estimate the energetic and exergetic performance, heat loss characteristics and heat recovery behavior of the dryer. Additionally, the quality of the dried paddy seeds was evaluated by its crackle ratio, generation potential, and generation rate. The results showed that the overall energy and exergy efficiency ranged from 13.26% to 56.63% and 39.03% to 60.23%, respectively. The improvement potential rates of the whole system varied from the lowest 8.49 kW to the highest 15.83 kW and respectively accounted for 15.81–29.48% of the total exergy input, indicating that the performance of the dryer is acceptable. The total recovered radiant energy and radiant exergy recover rate were respectively ascertained to be 237.64 MJ and 0.26 kW. As for the quality aspect, the generation potential and generation rate of the dried paddy seeds respectively ranged from 75% to 90% and 69% to 88% while the crackle ratio of the paddy seeds was 1%, which indicated that the quality performance of the dried seed is of economic viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]