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The lack of multidimensional knowledge means that current reasoning methods for rice fertilization cannot make decisions accurate when faced with complex spatiotemporal conditions in general. Therefore, we propose a reasoning method for rice fertilization strategy based on spatiotemporal knowledge graph. First, we systematically organize multisource expert knowledge about rice fertilization, and construct an ontology for rice fertilization consisting of five core elements: rice variety, planting environment, nutrition diagnosis, fertilization schemes, and time and place. Spatiotemporal differences in rice fertilization knowledge are expressed by assessing spatiotemporal concepts, relations, and state instances. Second, we propose a reasoning method for rice fertilization strategy based on the constructed knowledge graph. This method leverages a certainty factor model for nutrition diagnosis and integrates case‐based and rule‐based reasoning to determine fertilization schemes for different stages. Finally, taking Pucheng County, China, as an example, knowledge from crowd‐sensing data is obtained to construct a knowledge graph using the proposed method. The results demonstrate the method can support the expression and complex reasoning of rice fertilization decisions under different spatiotemporal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The toxic effects of nanoparticles‐silver oxide (Ag2O) limited its use. However, loading Ag2O nanoparticles into titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (Ag2O‐TiO2‐NTs) has more efficient biological activity and safety. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of Ag2O‐TiO2‐NTs on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and its mechanism. The enzyme activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the expression of RUNX family transcription factor 2 (Runx2), OPN, OCN in BMSCs were detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. At 14 days of induction, the mineralization ability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of cells in each group were observed by Alizarin Red S staining and ALP staining. In addition, the protein levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and β‐catenin in BMSCs of each group were observed by western blot. After 14 days of the induction, the mineralization ability and ALP activity of BMSCs in the Ag2O‐TiO2‐NTs group were significantly enhanced compared with those in the Ag2O and TiO2 groups. Western blot analysis showed that the BMSCs in the Ag2O‐TiO2‐NTs group exhibited much lower protein level of TNF‐α and higher protein level of β‐catenin than those in the Ag2O and TiO2 groups.Ag2O‐TiO2‐NTs enhance the osteogenic activity of BMSCs by modulating TNF‐α/β‐catenin signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating typical rural characteristics reveals certain advantages of rural revitalization and is crucial for understanding rural disparities and promoting development. Field research and statistical data can reflect the spatial distribution of local resources and development models. However, due to cost limitations and statistical constraints, it is impossible to effectively compare and evaluate the characteristics of rural development at the long time series, large scale and fine granularity required for sustainable regeneration. This study proposes a web-based method for the extraction and evaluation of rural revitalization characteristics (WERRC). The BERT-BiLSTM-Attention model categorizes rural web texts according to five themes: industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance, and prosperous life. The Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) algorithm extracts rural characteristics, and the relative advantages of these features are compared among 100 Chinese villages. WERRC extracts the typical characteristics, obtains the spatial distribution and relative advantage, and then ranks them according to the five themes. The relationship between national policy guidance and rural development is explored. The results support further exploration of differentiated, high-quality development modes that incorporate rural advantages into policy, adjust industrial structure, and optimise revitalization strategies at the rural scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing the influencing factors of PM2.5 concentration, scenario simulations, and countermeasure research to address the problem of PM2.5 pollution in Guangdong Province is of great significance for governments at all levels for formulating relevant policies. In this study, the ChinaHighPM2.5 dataset and economic and social statistics for Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2019 were selected, and a PM2.5 pollution management compliance path formulation method based on the multi-scenario simulation was proposed by combining the differences in city types and PM2.5 concentration prediction. Based on the prediction model of PM2.5 concentration constructed by the Ridge and SVM models and facing the PM2.5 pollution control target in 2025, the urban PM2.5 pollution control scenario considering the characteristics of urban development was constructed. According to the scenario simulation results of the PM2.5 prediction model, the PM2.5 pollution control path suitable for Guangdong Province during the 14th Five-Year Plan period was explored. The coupling coordination model was used to explore the spatial and temporal pattern evolution of PM2.5 pollution collaborative governance in various prefecture-level cities under the standard path, and the policy recommendations for PM2.5 pollution control during the 14th Five-Year Plan period are proposed. The results showed the following: ① in the case of small samples, the model can provide effective simulation predictions for the study of urban pollutant management compliance pathways. ② Under the scenario of PM2.5 management meeting the standard, in 2025, the annual average mass concentration of PM2.5 in all prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province will be lower than 22 μg/m3, and the annual average concentration of PM2.5 in the whole province will drop from 25.91 μg/m3 to 21.04 μg/m3, which will fulfil the goal of reducing the annual average concentration of PM2.5 in the whole province to below 22 μg/m3, as set out in the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Ecological Environmental Protection of Guangdong Province. ③ Under the path of PM2.5 control and attainment, the regional coordination relationship among prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province is gradually optimized, the number of intermediate-level coordinated cities will increase, and the overall spatial distribution pattern will be low in the middle and high in the surrounding area. Based on the characteristics of the four city types, it is recommended that a staggered development strategy be implemented to achieve synergy between economic development and environmental quality. Urban type I should focus on restructuring freight transportation to reduce urban pollutant emissions. City type II should focus on urban transportation and greening. For city type III, the focus should be on optimizing the industrial structure, adjusting the freight structure, and increasing the greening rate of the city. For city type IV, industrial upgrading, energy efficiency, freight structure, and management of industrial pollutant emissions should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) is an important RNA modification catalyzed by methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) and METTL14. m6A homeostasis mediated by the methyltransferase (MTase) complex plays key roles in various biological processes. However, the mechanism underlying METTL14 protein stability and its role in m6A homeostasis remain elusive. Here, we show that METTL14 stability is regulated by the competitive interaction of METTL3 with the E3 ligase STUB1. STUB1 directly interacts with METTL14 to mediate its ubiquitination at lysine residues K148, K156, and K162 for subsequent degradation, resulting in a significant decrease in total m6A levels. The amino acid regions 450–454 and 464–480 of METTL3 are essential to promote METTL14 stabilization. Changes in STUB1 expression affect METTL14 protein levels, m6A modification and tumorigenesis. Collectively, our findings uncover an ubiquitination mechanism controlling METTL14 protein levels to fine‐tune m6A homeostasis. Finally, we present evidence that modulating STUB1 expression to degrade METTL14 could represent a promising therapeutic strategy against cancer. Synopsis: The competitive interaction of METTL3 with STUB1 controls METTL14 levels, thereby fine‐tuning m6A homeostasis. Enforced STUB1 expression delays the progression of cholangiocarcinoma by reducing METTL14 and m6A levels in the tumor. STUB1 mediates METTL14 ubiquitination at lysine residues K148, K156, and K162 for subsequent degradation.METTL3 functions as "bodyguard" to promote METTL14 stabilization.METTL14 levels are regulated by the competitive interaction of METTL3 with STUB1 to regulate m6A homeostasis.Increasing STUB1 levels suppress tumorigenesis by targeting METTL14‐dependent RNA m6A modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barium strontium titanate (Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3-BST) bulk ceramics were prepared using a conventional solid-state approach with different oxygen partial pressures in this work. The microstructures, oxygen vacancies, morphologies, permittivity and polarization were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, impedance analysis methods and polarization-electric field hysteresis measurements, respectively. The results indicated that the oxygen vacancies were introduced during the sintering in a reduced atmosphere, which leads to a significant impact on the electrocaloric effect (ECE) properties of BST ceramics. The ECE was measured directly using a thermocouple and modified differential scanning calorimetry. The optimal ECE temperature change of 2.18 K was obtained at 4 MV m−1 and 40 °C and a partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) of 6.14 × 10−7 atm, corresponding to an electrocaloric strength of 0.55 K MV−1 m−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]