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The increasing demand for multispectral information acquisition and the complexity of application environments have sparked a growing interest in broadband detection. However, achieving a high level of responsivity across a wide response range remains a significant challenge. Herein, an ultrasensitive broadband phototransistor based on hybrid photogating (HPG) structure is demonstrated, which consisted of a quasi‐2D beta‐phase gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) nanoflake as the carrier transport channel and a tellurium (Te) nanoflake as the photogating layer. Attributed to the strong doping influence of the Te nanoflake, a low off‐state current of pA level and a high on/off current ratio of ≈108 are obtained. Upon 255 nm wavelength illumination, the device exhibited an ultrahigh responsivity up to 3.82 × 106 A W−1 and a detectivity as high as 1.59 × 1014 Jones across a large gate voltage range. Notably, an exciting infrared response is obtained with a responsivity of 138 A W−1 and a detectivity of 3.70 × 109 Jones under the 1550 nm wavelength illumination, exclusively achievable when the gate voltage exceeded 4 V. Leveraging the gate‐tunable spectral response, an innovative model for secure optical communication was proposed. This work presents an efficient and feasible strategy for fabricating multifunctional optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. The symptoms include memory and spatial learning difficulties, language disorders, and loss of motivation, which get worse over time, eventually ending in death. No effective treatments are available for AD, currently. Current treatments only attenuate symptoms temporarily and are associated with severe side effects. Near infra-red (NIR) light has been studied for a long time. We investigated the effect of NIR on AD using a transgenic mouse model, which was obtained by co-injecting two vectors carrying AD mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin-1 (PSEN1) into C57BL/6J mice. The irradiation equipment consisted of an accommodating box and an LED array. The wavelength of NIR light emitted from LED was between 1040nm and 1090nm. The power density delivered at the level of the mice was approximately 15mW/cm2. Firstly, we treated the mice with NIR for 40 days. Then, the irradiation was suspended for 28 days. Finally, another 15 days treatment was brought to mice. We conducted Morris water maze and immunofluorescence analysis to evaluate the effects of treatment. Immunofluorescence analysis was based on measuring the quantity of plaques in mouse brain slices. Our results show that NIR light improves memory and spatial learning ability and reduces plaques moderately. NIR light represents a potential treatment for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a possible predictor of adverse selection problems in unsubsidized stand-alone prescription drug insurance: the persistence of an individual's high spending over multiple years. Using Medstat claims data and data from the Medicare Survey of Current Beneficiaries, we find that persistence is much higher for outpatient drug expenses than for other categories of medical expenses. We then use these estimates to develop a simple and intuitive model of adverse selection in competitive insurance markets and show that this high relative persistence makes it unlikely that unsubsidized drug insurance can be offered for sale, even with premiums partially risk adjusted, without can be offered for sale, even with premiums partially risk adjusted, without a probable adverse selection death spiral. We show that this outcome can be avoided if drug coverage is bundled with other coverage, and we briefly discuss the need either for comprehensive coverage or generous subsidies if adverse selection is to be avoided in private and Medicare insurance markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a possible predictor of adverse selection problems in unsubsidized stand-alone prescription drug insurance: the persistence of an individual's high spending over multiple years. Using Medstat claims data and data from the Medicare Survey of Current Beneficiaries, we find that persistence is much higher for outpatient drug expenses than for other categories of medical expenses. We then use these estimates to develop a simple and intuitive model of adverse selection in competitive insurance markets and show that this high relative persistence makes it unlikely that unsubsidized drug insurance can be offered for sale, even with premiums partially risk adjusted, without a probable adverse selection death spiral. We show that this outcome can be avoided if drug coverage is bundled with other coverage, and we briefly discuss the need either for comprehensive coverage or generous subsidies if adverse selection is to be avoided in private and Medicare insurance markets.