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Ferroptosis, an iron‐ and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent cell death, holds significant promise for tumor therapy due to its ability to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO) and trigger antitumor immune responses. However, elevated cholesterol levels in cancer cells impede ferroptosis and compromise immune function. Here, a novel nanozyme, Fe‐MOF/CP, composed of iron metal‐organic framework (Fe‐MOF) nanoparticles loaded with cholesterol oxidase and PEGylation for integrated ferroptosis and immunotherapy is introduced. Fe‐MOF/CP depletes cholesterol and generates hydrogen peroxide, enhancing ROS levels and inducing LPO, thereby promoting ferroptosis. This process disrupts lipid raft integrity and downregulates glutathione peroxidase 4 and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1, further facilitating ferroptosis. Concurrently, Fe‐MOF/CP augments immunogenic cell death, reduces programmed death‐ligand 1 expression, and revitalizes exhausted CD8+ T cells. In vivo studies demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy in abscopal, metastasis, and recurrent tumor models, highlighting the robust antitumor immune responses elicited by Fe‐MOF/CP. This study underscores the potential of Fe‐MOF/CP as a multifunctional therapeutic agent that combines ferroptosis and immunotherapy, offering a promising strategy for effective and durable cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reliability of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be compromised by protease‐induced degradation. This can limit the feasibility of conducting plasma biomarker studies in environments that lack the capacity for immediate processing and appropriate storage of blood samples. We hypothesized that blood collection tube supplementation with protease inhibitors can improve the stability of plasma biomarkers at room temperatures (RT). In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of blood biomarker stability in traditional ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes versus BD™ P100 collection tubes, the latter being coated with a protease inhibitor cocktail. The stability of six plasma AD biomarkers was evaluated over time under RT conditions. We evaluated three experimental approaches. In Approach 1, pooled plasma samples underwent storage at RT for up to 96 h. In Approach 2, plasma samples isolated upfront from whole blood collected into EDTA or P100 tubes were stored at RT for 0 h or 24 h before biomarker measurements. In Approach 3, whole blood samples were collected into paired EDTA and P100 tubes, followed by storage at RT for 0 h or 24 h before isolating the plasma for analyses. Biomarkers were measured with Single Molecule Array (Simoa) and immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry (IP‐MS) assays. Both the IP‐MS and Simoa methods revealed that the use of P100 tubes significantly improves the stability of Aβ42 and Aβ40 across all approaches. However, the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio levels were significantly stabilized only in the IP‐MS assay in Approach 3. No significant differences were observed in the levels of plasma p‐tau181, GFAP, and NfL for samples collected using either tube type in any of the approaches. Supplementation of blood collection tubes with protease inhibitors could reduce the protease‐induced degradation of plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40, and the Aβ42/40 ratio for the IP‐MS assay. These findings have crucial implications for preanalytical procedures, particularly in resource‐limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio‐based antioxidants have garnered attention for their sustainability and environmental benefits. In this study, we designed and synthesized three cardanol‐piperidine derivatives (HSs) by utilizing hydrogenated cardanol (HC) and piperidine derivatives to improve the aging inhibition of polypropylene (PP). These bio‐based antioxidants were intended as eco‐friendly alternatives to conventional synthetic antioxidants. The impact of these HSs on the thermal stability, thermo‐oxidative stability, and light stability of PP was thoroughly evaluated. The results unveiled that after 5 h of interaction with 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical, HSs exhibited a remarkable over 5‐fold increase in free radical scavenging efficiency as compared to HC. Moreover, the addition of HSs significantly increased the oxidation induction time and the initial oxidation temperature compared to pristine PP. After photo‐oxidative aging and thermo‐oxidative aging, the HS‐dosed PP demonstrated remarkable retention of elongation at break, reaching more than 72% and 69%. From the comparison with physical mixtures and the density functional theory calculations, an intramolecular synergism mechanism is proposed. The intramolecular synergism between hydrogenated cardanol and piperidine derivatives may be the main reason for the inhibition of PP aging. Highlights: A method for constructing simultaneous efficient light, thermal, and oxygen stable polypropylene.The mechanism for achieving simultaneous stabilization of light, heat, and oxygen is the intramolecular synergy of phenol piperidine.The essence of intramolecular synergy of cardanol and piperidine derivatives is its' reduced hydrogen bond dissociation energy and energy gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: This study explored the mechanism of irrigation and nitrogen (N) coupling on spring maize yield and soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with the objective of achieving water saving, high yield and emission reduction. Field experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of multiple irrigation and N management strategies on GHG emissions and to determine the optimal balance between GHG, water conservation and grain yield. The experiments were conducted on spring maize with three irrigation levels (low, IL; medium, IM; and high, IH) and 4 N application levels (N40, N80, N120 and N160 kg N ha−1). RESULTS: The IL treatment exhibited the lowest N2O and CO2 emission fluxes and the lowest CH4 uptake fluxes. The N40 treatment exhibited the lowest N2O and CO2 emission fluxes and the highest CH4 uptake flux. Significant positive correlations were observed among N2O and CO2 emission fluxes, CH4 uptake fluxes, and soil moisture and inorganic N content. Maize yield initially increased and then decreased with rising levels of irrigation and N management. By employing the TOPSIS method to assess yield and greenhouse effects, we identified the IMN120 treatment as optimal given that this treatment achieved the highest yield (14 686.26 kg ha−1) and water use efficiency (3.51 kg m−3) while maintaining relatively low global warming potential (573.30 kg CO2 eq ∙ ha−1) and GHG intensity (0.0390 kg CO2 eq ∙ kg−1). CONCLUSION: Irrigation optimization and N management are key to reducing GHG emissions, enhancing yield, and promoting both the sustainable development of agriculture and environmental protection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Background] The problem of agricultural drought has always restricted the sustainable development of agriculture in Yulin area of Northern Shaanxi. In the process of water resources development and utilization, the contradiction between industrial and agricultural production, life and ecology is becoming more and more obvious, and the gap between supply and demand of agricultural water resources continues to increase, which seriously affects the high and stable yield of spring maize. Yulin in northern Shaanxi is located in the central and northern part of the Loess Plateau. It is located in the arid and semi-arid climate zone with sufficient light resources. It is a eugenic and high-yield area of spring maize in China. The field irrigation of spring maize in this area is mainly drip irrigation. [Objective]In order to determine the suitable soil moisture limit of drip irrigation spring maize in Yulin of northern Shaanxi, the irrigation system of drip irrigation spring maize in this area was obtained. [Method] In this study, orthogonal test design method was used to set up four irrigation levels in five growth stages of spring maize, including seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage, filling stage and maturity stage, to explore the effects of different irrigation schemes on the growth and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated spring maize. [Result] The results showed that: (1) The key growth stages of spring maize were jointing stage and tasseling stage, and the seedling stage, filling stage and maturity stage were non-critical stages. Appropriate reduction of irrigation level at jointing stage and tasseling stage is more conducive to the subsequent growth and development of spring maize. (2) Based on the effects of different irrigation schemes on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index and yield of spring maize, the optimal field soil moisture control limit is: the suitable soil moisture limit at seedling stage is 59%-79%FC (FC represents soil field water holding capacity), 70%-90%FC at jointing stage, 68%-88%FC at tasseling stage, 56%-76%FC at filling stage, and 49%-69%FC at maturity stage. [Conclusion] The optimal irrigation system is irrigation 9 times in the whole growth period, namely 2 times in the seedling stage (m=20 mm), 3 times in the jointing stage (m1=20 mm, m2,3=30 mm), 3 times in the tasseling stage (m=30 mm), 1 time in the filling stage (m=25 mm), no irrigation in the mature stage, and the comprehensive irrigation quota is 235 mm. Under this system, the yield of spring maize was 14 664 kg/hm², and the water use efficiency was 3.01 kg/m³. Compared with the control group, the yield increased by 15.56% and WUE increased by 19.19%. The results of this study have important guiding significance for the field management of drip irrigation spring maize in Yulin, Northern Shaanxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hair follicle development and hair growth are regulated by multiple factors and multiple signalling pathways. The hair follicle, as an important skin appendage, is the basis for hair growth, and it has the functions of safeguarding the body, perceiving the environment and regulating body temperature. Hair growth undergoes a regular hair cycle, including anagen, catagen and telogen. A small amount of physiological shedding of hair occurs under normal conditions, always in a dynamic equilibrium. Hair loss occurs when the skin or hair follicles are stimulated by oxidative stress, inflammation or hormonal disorders that disrupt the homeostasis of the hair follicles. Numerous researches have indicated that oxidative stress is an important factor causing hair loss. Here, we summarize the signalling pathways and intervention mechanisms by which oxidative stress affects hair follicle development and hair growth, discuss existing treatments for hair loss via the antioxidant pathway and provide our own insights. In addition, we collate antioxidant natural products promoting hair growth in recent years and discuss the limitations and perspectives of current hair loss prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of ferroptosis-inducible nanoplatforms with high efficiency and specificity is highly needed and challenging in tumor ferrotherapy. Here, we demonstrate highly effective tumor ferrotherapy using iron (II)-based metal-organic framework (FessMOF) nanoparticles, assembled from disulfide bonds and ferrous ions. The as-prepared FessMOF nanoparticles exhibit peroxidase-like activity and pH/glutathione-dependent degradability, which enables tumor-responsive catalytic therapy and glutathione depletion by the thiol/disulfide exchange to suppress glutathione peroxidase 4, respectively. Upon PEGylation and Actinomycin D (ActD) loading, the resulting FessMOF/ActD-PEG nanoplatform induces marked DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. Concurrently, we found that ActD can inhibit Xc− system and elicit ferritinophagy, which further boosts the ferrotherapeutic efficacy of the FessMOF/ActD-PEG. In vivo experiments demonstrate that our fabricated nanoplatform presents excellent biocompatibility and a high tumor inhibition rate of 91.89%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]