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Chromosomal instability (CIN), caused by errors in the segregation of chromosomes during mitosis, is a hallmark of many types of cancer. The fidelity of chromosome segregation is governed by a sophisticated cellular signaling network, one crucial orchestrator of which is Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1). HP1 dynamically localizes to distinct sites at various stages of mitosis, where it regulates key mitotic events ranging from chromosome–microtubule attachment to sister chromatid cohesion to cytokinesis. Our evolving comprehension of HP1's multifaceted role has positioned it as a central protein in the orchestration of mitotic processes. Significance Statement: In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated a robust correlation between Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) and chromosomal instability. While initially recognized as a heterochromatin protein, it is now evident that the HP1 encompasses diverse functions. These include involvement in RNA splicing, sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome segregation, telomere maintenance, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. Across various stages of mitosis, HP1 dynamically localizes to distinct cellular sites, where it regulates crucial mitotic processes, such as chromosome‐microtubule attachment, sister chromatid cohesion, and cytokinesis. HP1 emerges as a pivotal component within the intricate network governing the fidelity of chromosome segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transcriptional regulator ATRX, a genetic factor, is associated with a range of disabilities, including intellectual, hematopoietic, skeletal, facial, and urogenital disabilities. ATRX mutations substantially contribute to the pathogenesis of ATRX syndrome and are frequently detected in gliomas and many other cancers. These mutations disrupt the organization, subcellular localization, and transcriptional activity of ATRX, leading to chromosomal instability and affecting interactions with key regulatory proteins such as DAXX, EZH2, and TERRA. ATRX also functions as a transcriptional regulator involved in the pathogenesis of neuronal disorders and various diseases. In conclusion, ATRX is a central protein whose abnormalities lead to multiple diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yuan, Tang, Ding, Peng, Zeng, Wu and Yi.)

Objective: To evaluate the postoperative complications of microscopic and conventional Palomo varicocelectomy in the treatment of varicocele in army personnel., Methods: A total of 260 army personnel with varicocele were randomized to receive microscopic varicocelectomy (group A, n=130) and conventional Palomo varicocelectomy (group B, n=130). The postoperative recurrence and complications (scrotal edema, testicular pain and testicular atrophy) were compared between the two groups., Results: After 1 year of follow-up, the recurrence rates in groups A and B were statistically comparable (5.3% vs 3.8%, P>0.05). The incidences of testicular atrophy and scrotal edema were significantly lower in group A than in group B (0.7% vs 3.1%, P<0.05; 3.1% vs 14.6%, P<0.05), and the rate of testicular pain relief was significantly higher in group A (90.7% vs 67.7%, P<0.05)., Conclusion: Microscopic varicocelectomy can be a good choice in the treatment of varicocele in army personnel.