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2. Traumatic brain injury: progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research

Author

Maas, A.I.R., Menon, D.K., Manley, G.T., Abrams, M., Akerlund, C., Andelic, N., Aries, M., Bashford, T., Bell, M.J., Bodien, Y.G., Brett, B.L., Buki, A., Chesnut, R.M., Citerio, G., Clark, D., Clasby, B., Cooper, D.J., Czeiter, E., Czosnyka, M., Dams-O'Connor, K., Keyser, V. de, Diaz-Arrastia, R., Ercole, A., Essen, T.A. van, Falvey, E., Ferguson, A.R., Figaji, A., Fitzgerald, M., Foreman, B., Gantner, D., Gao, G.Y., Giacino, J., Gravesteijn, B., Guiza, F., Gupta, D., Gurnell, M., Haagsma, J.A., Hammond, F.M., Hawryluk, G., Hutchinson, P., Jagt, M. van der, Jain, S., Jiang, J.Y., Kent, H., Kolias, A., Kompanje, E.J.O., Lecky, F., Lingsma, H.F., Maegele, M., Majdan, M., Markowitz, A., McCrea, M., Meyfroidt, G., Mikoli, A., Mondello, S., Mukherjee, P., Nelson, D., Nelson, L.D., Newcombe, V., Okonkwo, D., Oresic, M., Peul, W., Pisica, D., Polinder, S., Ponsford, J., Puybasset, L., Raj, R., Robba, C., Roe, C., Rosand, J., Schueler, P., Sharp, D.J., Smielewski, P., Stein, M.B., Steinbuchel, N. von, Stewart, W., Steyerberg, E.W., Stocchetti, N., Temkin, N., Tenovuo, O., Theadom, A., Thomas, I., Espin, A.T., Turgeon, A.F., Unterberg, A., Praag, D. van, Veen, E. van, Verheyden, J., Vande Vyvere, T., Wang, K.K.W., Wiegers, E.J.A., Williams, W.H., Wilson, L., Wisniewski, S.R., Younsi, A., Yue, J.K., Yuh, E.L., Zeiler, F.A., Zeldovich, M., Zemek, R., and TBIR Participants Investigators

Published
2022

5. International variation in evidence-based emergency department management of bronchiolitis: a retrospective cohort study

Author

Lirette, M-P, Kuppermann, N, Finkelstein, Y, Zemek, R, Plint, AC, Florin, TA, Babl, FE, Dalziel, S, Freedman, S, Roland, D, Lyttle, MD, Schnadower, D, Steele, D, Fernandes, RM, Stephens, D, Kharbanda, A, Johnson, DW, Macias, C, Benito, J, Schuh, S, Pediat, ERNPERN, Lirette, M-P, Kuppermann, N, Finkelstein, Y, Zemek, R, Plint, AC, Florin, TA, Babl, FE, Dalziel, S, Freedman, S, Roland, D, Lyttle, MD, Schnadower, D, Steele, D, Fernandes, RM, Stephens, D, Kharbanda, A, Johnson, DW, Macias, C, Benito, J, Schuh, S, and Pediat, ERNPERN

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the international variation in the use of evidence-based management (EBM) in bronchiolitis. We hypothesised that management consistent with full-EBM practices is associated with the research network of care, adjusted for patient-level characteristics. Secondary objectives were to determine the association between full-EBM and (1) hospitalisation and (2) emergency department (ED) revisits resulting in hospitalisation within 21 days. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study. SETTING: 38 paediatric EDs belonging to the Paediatric Emergency Research Network in Canada, USA, Australia/New Zealand UK/Ireland and Spain/Portugal. PATIENTS: Otherwise healthy infants 2-11 months old diagnosed with bronchiolitis between 1 January 2013 and 31 December, 2013. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was management consistent with full-EBM, that is, no bronchodilators/corticosteroids/antibiotics, no chest radiography or laboratory testing. Secondary outcomes included hospitalisations during the index and subsequent ED visits. RESULTS: 1137/2356 (48.3%) infants received full-EBM (ranging from 13.2% in Spain/Portugal to 72.3% in UK/Ireland). Compared with the UK/Ireland, the adjusted ORs (aOR) of full-EBM receipt were lower in Spain/Portugal (aOR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.29), Canada (aOR 0.13 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.31) and USA (aOR 0.16 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.35). EBM was less likely in infants with dehydration (aOR 0.49 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.71)), chest retractions (aOR 0.69 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.91)) and nasal flaring (aOR 0.69 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.92)). EBM was associated with reduced odds of hospitalisation at the index visit (aOR 0.77 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.98)) but not at revisits (aOR 1.17 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.85)). CONCLUSIONS: Infants with bronchiolitis frequently do not receive full-EBM ED management, particularly those outside of the UK/Ireland. Furthermore, there is marked variation in full-EBM between paediatric emergency networks, and full-EBM delivery i

Published
2022

6. Traumatic brain injury: progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research

Author

Maas, A, Menon, D, Manley, G, Abrams, M, Åkerlund, C, Andelic, N, Aries, M, Bashford, T, Bell, M, Bodien, Y, Brett, B, Büki, A, Chesnut, R, Citerio, G, Clark, D, Clasby, B, Cooper, D, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dams-O'Connor, K, De Keyser, V, Diaz-Arrastia, R, Ercole, A, van Essen, T, Falvey, É, Ferguson, A, Figaji, A, Fitzgerald, M, Foreman, B, Gantner, D, Gao, G, Giacino, J, Gravesteijn, B, Guiza, F, Gupta, D, Gurnell, M, Haagsma, J, Hammond, F, Hawryluk, G, Hutchinson, P, van der Jagt, M, Jain, S, Jiang, J, Kent, H, Kolias, A, Kompanje, E, Lecky, F, Lingsma, H, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Markowitz, A, Mccrea, M, Meyfroidt, G, Mikolić, A, Mondello, S, Mukherjee, P, Nelson, D, Nelson, L, Newcombe, V, Okonkwo, D, Orešič, M, Peul, W, Pisică, D, Polinder, S, Ponsford, J, Puybasset, L, Raj, R, Robba, C, Røe, C, Rosand, J, Schueler, P, Sharp, D, Smielewski, P, Stein, M, von Steinbüchel, N, Stewart, W, Steyerberg, E, Stocchetti, N, Temkin, N, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, I, Espin, A, Turgeon, A, Unterberg, A, Van Praag, D, van Veen, E, Verheyden, J, Vyvere, T, Wang, K, Wiegers, E, Williams, W, Wilson, L, Wisniewski, S, Younsi, A, Yue, J, Yuh, E, Zeiler, F, Zeldovich, M, Zemek, R, Maas, Andrew I R, Menon, David K, Manley, Geoffrey T, Abrams, Mathew, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Andelic, Nada, Aries, Marcel, Bashford, Tom, Bell, Michael J, Bodien, Yelena G, Brett, Benjamin L, Büki, András, Chesnut, Randall M, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clark, David, Clasby, Betony, Cooper, D Jamie, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dams-O'Connor, Kristen, De Keyser, Véronique, Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon, Ercole, Ari, van Essen, Thomas A, Falvey, Éanna, Ferguson, Adam R, Figaji, Anthony, Fitzgerald, Melinda, Foreman, Brandon, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, Giacino, Joseph, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Guiza, Fabian, Gupta, Deepak, Gurnell, Mark, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hammond, Flora M, Hawryluk, Gregory, Hutchinson, Peter, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Jain, Sonia, Jain, Swati, Jiang, Ji-yao, Kent, Hope, Kolias, Angelos, Kompanje, Erwin J O, Lecky, Fiona, Lingsma, Hester F, Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Markowitz, Amy, McCrea, Michael, Meyfroidt, Geert, Mikolić, Ana, Mondello, Stefania, Mukherjee, Pratik, Nelson, David, Nelson, Lindsay D, Newcombe, Virginia, Okonkwo, David, Orešič, Matej, Peul, Wilco, Pisică, Dana, Polinder, Suzanne, Ponsford, Jennie, Puybasset, Louis, Raj, Rahul, Robba, Chiara, Røe, Cecilie, Rosand, Jonathan, Schueler, Peter, Sharp, David J, Smielewski, Peter, Stein, Murray B, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Stewart, William, Steyerberg, Ewout W, Stocchetti, Nino, Temkin, Nancy, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Ilias, Espin, Abel Torres, Turgeon, Alexis F, Unterberg, Andreas, Van Praag, Dominique, van Veen, Ernest, Verheyden, Jan, Vyvere, Thijs Vande, Wang, Kevin K W, Wiegers, Eveline J A, Williams, W Huw, Wilson, Lindsay, Wisniewski, Stephen R, Younsi, Alexander, Yue, John, Yuh, Esther L, Zeiler, Frederick A, Zeldovich, Marina, Zemek, Roger, Maas, A, Menon, D, Manley, G, Abrams, M, Åkerlund, C, Andelic, N, Aries, M, Bashford, T, Bell, M, Bodien, Y, Brett, B, Büki, A, Chesnut, R, Citerio, G, Clark, D, Clasby, B, Cooper, D, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Dams-O'Connor, K, De Keyser, V, Diaz-Arrastia, R, Ercole, A, van Essen, T, Falvey, É, Ferguson, A, Figaji, A, Fitzgerald, M, Foreman, B, Gantner, D, Gao, G, Giacino, J, Gravesteijn, B, Guiza, F, Gupta, D, Gurnell, M, Haagsma, J, Hammond, F, Hawryluk, G, Hutchinson, P, van der Jagt, M, Jain, S, Jiang, J, Kent, H, Kolias, A, Kompanje, E, Lecky, F, Lingsma, H, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Markowitz, A, Mccrea, M, Meyfroidt, G, Mikolić, A, Mondello, S, Mukherjee, P, Nelson, D, Nelson, L, Newcombe, V, Okonkwo, D, Orešič, M, Peul, W, Pisică, D, Polinder, S, Ponsford, J, Puybasset, L, Raj, R, Robba, C, Røe, C, Rosand, J, Schueler, P, Sharp, D, Smielewski, P, Stein, M, von Steinbüchel, N, Stewart, W, Steyerberg, E, Stocchetti, N, Temkin, N, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Thomas, I, Espin, A, Turgeon, A, Unterberg, A, Van Praag, D, van Veen, E, Verheyden, J, Vyvere, T, Wang, K, Wiegers, E, Williams, W, Wilson, L, Wisniewski, S, Younsi, A, Yue, J, Yuh, E, Zeiler, F, Zeldovich, M, Zemek, R, Maas, Andrew I R, Menon, David K, Manley, Geoffrey T, Abrams, Mathew, Åkerlund, Cecilia, Andelic, Nada, Aries, Marcel, Bashford, Tom, Bell, Michael J, Bodien, Yelena G, Brett, Benjamin L, Büki, András, Chesnut, Randall M, Citerio, Giuseppe, Clark, David, Clasby, Betony, Cooper, D Jamie, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Dams-O'Connor, Kristen, De Keyser, Véronique, Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon, Ercole, Ari, van Essen, Thomas A, Falvey, Éanna, Ferguson, Adam R, Figaji, Anthony, Fitzgerald, Melinda, Foreman, Brandon, Gantner, Dashiell, Gao, Guoyi, Giacino, Joseph, Gravesteijn, Benjamin, Guiza, Fabian, Gupta, Deepak, Gurnell, Mark, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hammond, Flora M, Hawryluk, Gregory, Hutchinson, Peter, van der Jagt, Mathieu, Jain, Sonia, Jain, Swati, Jiang, Ji-yao, Kent, Hope, Kolias, Angelos, Kompanje, Erwin J O, Lecky, Fiona, Lingsma, Hester F, Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Markowitz, Amy, McCrea, Michael, Meyfroidt, Geert, Mikolić, Ana, Mondello, Stefania, Mukherjee, Pratik, Nelson, David, Nelson, Lindsay D, Newcombe, Virginia, Okonkwo, David, Orešič, Matej, Peul, Wilco, Pisică, Dana, Polinder, Suzanne, Ponsford, Jennie, Puybasset, Louis, Raj, Rahul, Robba, Chiara, Røe, Cecilie, Rosand, Jonathan, Schueler, Peter, Sharp, David J, Smielewski, Peter, Stein, Murray B, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Stewart, William, Steyerberg, Ewout W, Stocchetti, Nino, Temkin, Nancy, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Thomas, Ilias, Espin, Abel Torres, Turgeon, Alexis F, Unterberg, Andreas, Van Praag, Dominique, van Veen, Ernest, Verheyden, Jan, Vyvere, Thijs Vande, Wang, Kevin K W, Wiegers, Eveline J A, Williams, W Huw, Wilson, Lindsay, Wisniewski, Stephen R, Younsi, Alexander, Yue, John, Yuh, Esther L, Zeiler, Frederick A, Zeldovich, Marina, and Zemek, Roger

Published
2022

9. Seasonal Changes and the Interaction Between the Horse Chestnut Leaf Miner Cameraria ohridella and the Horse Chestnut Leaf Blotch Guignardia aesculi

Author

Nachman G, Kopačka M, and Zemek R

Subjects
Aesculus hippocastanum, Fungal disease, Horticulture, biology, Horse-chestnut leaf miner, Guignardia aesculi, media_common.quotation_subject, Cameraria ohridella, biology.organism_classification, Horse chestnut, Invasive species, Competition (biology), media_common
Abstract

The horse chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is an invasive pest of horse chestnut and has spread through Europe since 1985. The horse chestnut leaf blotch Guignardia aesculi (Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae) is a fungal disease that also seriously damages horse chestnut trees in Europe. The interaction between the leaf miner and the fungus has not yet been sufficiently described. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess leaf damage inflicted to horse chestnut by both C. ohridella and G. aesculi during the vegetation season and to model their interaction. The damage to leaf area was measured monthly from May to September 2013 in České Budějovice, the Czech Republic. A simple phenomenological model describing the expected dynamics of the two species was developed. The study revealed a significant effect of sampling site and sampling period on the damage caused by both the pest and the fungus. The mathematical model indicates that infestation by C. ohridella is more affected by G. aesculi than vice versa. The possible mechanisms affecting the relationship between G. aesculi and C. ohridella are discussed.

Published
2021
Full Text
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13. Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research

Author

Maas, A, Menon, D, Adelson, P, Andelic, N, Bell, M, Belli, A, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Büki, A, Chesnut, R, CITERIO, GIUSEPPE, Coburn, M, Cooper, D, Crowder, A, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Diaz arrastia, R, Dreier, J, Duhaime, A, Ercole, A, Van Essen, T, Feigin, V, Gao, G, Giacino, J, Gonzalez lara, L, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Hartings, J, Hill, S, Jiang, J, Ketharanathan, N, Kompanje, E, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Levin, H, Lingsma, H, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manley, G, Marsteller, J, Mascia, L, Mcfadyen, C, Mondello, S, Newcombe, V, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Peul, W, Piercy, J, Polinder, S, Puybasset, L, Rasmussen, T, Rossaint, R, Smielewski, P, Söderberg, J, Stanworth, S, Stein, M, Von Steinbüchel, N, Stewart, W, Steyerberg, E, Stocchetti, N, Synnot, A, Te Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Tibboel, D, Videtta, W, Wang, K, Williams, W, Wilson, L, Yaffe, K, Adams, H, Agnoletti, V, Allanson, J, Amrein, K, Andaluz, N, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Van As, A, Audibert, G, Azaševac, A, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Baciu, C, Badenes, R, Barlow, K, Bartels, R, Bauerfeind, U, Beauchamp, M, Beer, D, Beer, R, Belda, F, Bellander, B, Bellier, R, Benali, H, Benard, T, Beqiri, V, Beretta, L, Bernard, F, Bertolini, G, Bilotta, F, Blaabjerg, M, Den Boogert, H, Boutis, K, Bouzat, P, Brooks, B, Brorsson, C, Bullinger, M, Burns, E, Calappi, E, Cameron, P, Carise, E, Castaño león, A, Causin, F, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Christie, B, Cnossen, M, Coles, J, Collett, J, Della Corte, F, Craig, W, Csato, G, Csomos, A, Curry, N, Dahyot fizelier, C, Dawes, H, Dematteo, C, Depreitere, B, Dewey, D, Van Dijck, J, Đilvesi, Đ, Dippel, D, Dizdarevic, K, Donoghue, E, Duek, O, Dulière, G, Dzeko, A, Eapen, G, Emery, C, English, S, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feng, J, Fergusson, D, Figaji, A, Fleming, J, Foks, K, Francony, G, Freedman, S, Freo, U, Frisvold, S, Gagnon, I, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Giraud, B, Glocker, B, Golubovic, J, Gómez López, P, Gordon, W, Gradisek, P, Gravel, J, Griesdale, D, Grossi, F, Haagsma, J, Håberg, A, Haitsma, I, Van Hecke, W, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Van Heugten, C, Hoedemaekers, C, Höfer, S, Horton, L, Hui, J, Huijben, J, Hutchinson, P, Jacobs, B, Van Der Jagt, M, Jankowski, S, Janssens, K, Jelaca, B, Jones, K, Kamnitsas, K, Kaps, R, Karan, M, Katila, A, Kaukonen, K, De Keyser, V, Kivisaari, R, Kolias, A, Kolumbán, B, Kolundžija, K, Kondziella, D, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kramer, A, Kutsogiannis, D, Kyprianou, T, Lagares, A, Lamontagne, F, Latini, R, Lauzier, F, Lazar, I, Ledig, C, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Lozano, A, Macdonald, S, Major, S, Manara, A, Manhes, P, Maréchal, H, Martino, C, Masala, A, Masson, S, Mattern, J, Mcfadyen, B, Mcmahon, C, Meade, M, Melegh, B, Menovsky, T, Moore, L, Morgado Correia, M, Morganti kossmann, M, Muehlan, H, Mukherjee, P, Murray, L, Van Der Naalt, J, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Nieboer, D, Noirhomme, Q, Nyirádi, J, Oddo, M, Okonkwo, D, Oldenbeuving, A, Ortolano, F, Osmond, M, Payen, J, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Pichon, N, Piippo karjalainen, A, Pili floury, S, Pirinen, M, Ple, H, Poca, M, Posti, J, Van Praag, D, Ptito, A, Radoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Real, R, Reed, N, Rhodes, J, Robertson, C, Rocka, S, Røe, C, Røise, O, Roks, G, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossi, S, Rueckert, D, De Ruiter, G, Sacchi, M, Sahakian, B, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Salvato, G, Sánchez porras, R, Sándor, J, Sangha, G, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schneider, K, Schnyer, D, Schöhl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou, R, Sir, Ö, Skandsen, T, Smeets, D, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stevanovic, A, Stevens, R, Sundström, N, Taccone, F, Takala, R, Tanskanen, P, Taylor, M, Telgmann, R, Temkin, N, Teodorani, G, Thomas, M, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Turgeon, A, Vajkoczy, P, Valadka, A, Valeinis, E, Vallance, S, Vámos, Z, VARGIOLU, ALESSIA, Vega, E, Verheyden, J, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Vleggeert lankamp, C, Vogt, L, Volovici, V, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, Vande Vyvere, T, Van Waesberghe, J, Wessels, L, Wildschut, E, Williams, G, Winkler, M, Wolf, S, Wood, G, Xirouchaki, N, Younsi, A, Zaaroor, M, Zelinkova, V, Zemek, R, Zumbo, F, Citerio, G, Vargiolu, A, Zumbo, F., Maas, Andrew I R, Menon, David K, Adelson, P David, Andelic, Nada, Bell, Michael J, Belli, Antonio, Bragge, Peter, Brazinova, Alexandra, Büki, Andrá, Chesnut, Randall M, Citerio, Giuseppe, Coburn, Mark, Cooper, D Jamie, Crowder, A Tamara, Czeiter, Endre, Czosnyka, Marek, Diaz-Arrastia, Ramon, Dreier, Jens P, Duhaime, Ann-Christine, Ercole, Ari, van Essen, Thomas A, Feigin, Valery L, Gao, Guoyi, Giacino, Joseph, Gonzalez-Lara, Laura E, Gruen, Russell L, Gupta, Deepak, Hartings, Jed A, Hill, Sean, Jiang, Ji-yao, Ketharanathan, Naomi, Kompanje, Erwin J O, Lanyon, Linda, Laureys, Steven, Lecky, Fiona, Levin, Harvey, Lingsma, Hester F, Maegele, Marc, Majdan, Marek, Manley, Geoffrey, Marsteller, Jill, Mascia, Luciana, Mcfadyen, Charle, Mondello, Stefania, Newcombe, Virginia, Palotie, Aarno, Parizel, Paul M, Peul, Wilco, Piercy, Jame, Polinder, Suzanne, Puybasset, Loui, Rasmussen, Todd E, Rossaint, Rolf, Smielewski, Peter, Söderberg, Jeannette, Stanworth, Simon J, Stein, Murray B, von Steinbüchel, Nicole, Stewart, William, Steyerberg, Ewout W, Stocchetti, Nino, Synnot, Anneliese, Te Ao, Braden, Tenovuo, Olli, Theadom, Alice, Tibboel, Dick, Videtta, Walter, Wang, Kevin K W, Williams, W Huw, Wilson, Lindsay, Yaffe, Kristine, InTBIR Participants, Investigator, Beretta, Luigi, InTBIR Participants Investigators, Menon, David [0000-0002-3228-9692], Czosnyka, Marek [0000-0003-2446-8006], Ercole, Ari [0000-0001-8350-8093], Newcombe, Virginia [0000-0001-6044-9035], Smielewski, Peter [0000-0001-5096-3938], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Maas A.I.R., Menon D.K., David Adelson P.D., Andelic N., Bell M.J., Belli A., Bragge P., Brazinova A., Buki A., Chesnut R.M., Citerio G., Coburn M., Jamie Cooper D., Tamara Crowder A., Czeiter E., Czosnyka M., Diaz-Arrastia R., Dreier J.P., Duhaime A.-C., Ercole A., van Essen T.A., Feigin V.L., Gao G., Giacino J., Gonzalez-Lara L.E., Gruen R.L., Gupta D., Hartings J.A., Hill S., Jiang J.-Y., Ketharanathan N., Kompanje E.J.O., Lanyon L., Laureys S., Lecky F., Levin H., Lingsma H.F., Maegele M., Majdan M., Manley G., Marsteller J., Mascia L., McFadyen C., Mondello S., Newcombe V., Palotie A., Parizel P.M., Peul W., Piercy J., Polinder S., Puybasset L., Rasmussen T.E., Rossaint R., Smielewski P., Soderberg J., Stanworth S.J., Stein M.B., von Steinbuchel N., Stewart W., Steyerberg E.W., Stocchetti N., Synnot A., Te Ao B., Tenovuo O., Theadom A., Tibboel D., Videtta W., Wang K.K.W., Huw Williams W., Wilson L., Yaffe K., Adams H., Allanson J., Coles J., Hutchinson P.J., Kolias A.G., Sahakian B.J., Stamatakis E., Williams G., Agnoletti V., Martino C., Masala A., Teodorani G., Zumbo F., Amrein K., Ezer E., Kolumban B., Kovacs N., Melegh B., Nyiradi J., Sorinola A., Vamos Z., Andaluz N., Anke A., Frisvold S.K., Antoni A., van As A.B., Figaji A., Audibert G., Azasevac A., Dilvesi D., Golubovic J., Jelaca B., Karan M., Kolundzija K., Negru A., Vulekovic P., Azouvi P., Azzolini M.L., Beretta L., Baciu C., Beqiri V., Chevallard G., Chieregato A., Sacchi M., Badenes R., Belda F.J., Bilotta F., Lozano A., Barlow K.M., Schneider K.J., Bartels R., den Boogert H., Hoedemaekers C., Sir O., Bauerfeind U., Lefering R., Schafer N., Beauchamp M., Gravel J., Beer D., Beer R., Helbok R., Hofer S., Bellander B.-M., Nelson D., Bellier R., Benard T., Carise E., Dahyot-Fizelier C., Giraud B., Benali H., Bernard F., Bertolini G., Masson S., Blaabjerg M., Rosenlund C., Schou R.F., Boutis K., Bouzat P., Francony G., Manhes P., Payen J.-F., Brooks B., Dewey D., Emery C.A., Freedman S., Kramer A., Brorsson C., Koskinen L.-O., Sundstrom N., Bullinger M., Burns E., Calappi E., Ortolano F., Cameron P., Castano-Leon A.M., Gomez Lopez P.A., Lagares A., Causin F., Freo U., Persona P., Rossi S., Christie B., Cnossen M., Dippel D., Foks K., Haagsma J.A., Haitsma I., Huijben J.A., van der Jagt M., Nieboer D., Volovici V., Voormolen D.C., Collett J., Dawes H., Esser P., van Heugten C., Della Corte F., Grossi F., Craig W., Csato G., Csomos A., Curry N., Dematteo C., Meade M., Depreitere B., van Dijck J., de Ruiter G.C.W., Vleggeert-Lankamp C., Dizdarevic K., Donoghue E., Gantner D., Murray L., Trapani T., Vallance S., Duek O., Lazar I., Duliere G.-L., Marechal H., Dzeko A., Eapen G., Jankowski S., English S., Fergusson D., Osmond M., Fabricius M., Kondziella D., Feng J., Hui J., Fleming J., Latini R., Gagnon I., Ptito A., Galanaud D., Glocker B., Kamnitsas K., Ledig C., Rueckert D., Gordon W.A., Gradisek P., Griesdale D., Haberg A.K., van Hecke W., Smeets D., Verheyden J., Vyvere T.V., Helseth E., Roe C., Roise O., Horton L., Jacobs B., van der Naalt J., Janssens K., De Keyser V., Menovsky T., Van Praag D., Jones K.M., Kaps R., Katila A., Posti J., Takala R., Kaukonen K.-M., Kivisaari R., Piippo-Karjalainen A., Raj R., Tanskanen P., Kutsogiannis D., Kyprianou T., Lamontagne F., Lauzier F., Moore L., Turgeon A., Legrand V., Levi L., Zaaroor M., Lightfoot R., Macdonald S., Major S., Vajkoczy P., Wessels L., Winkler M.K.L., Wolf S., Manara A., Thomas M., Mattern J., Sakowitz O., Vogt L., Younsi A., McFadyen B., McMahon C., Correia M.M., Morganti-Kossmann M.C., Rosenfeld J.V., Muehlan H., Schmidt S., Mukherjee P., Noirhomme Q., Oddo M., Okonkwo D.O., Oldenbeuving A.W., Roks G., Schoonman G.G., Perlbarg V., Pichon N., Pili-Floury S., Pirinen M., Ples H., Poca M.A., Radoi A., Sahuquillo J., Ragauskas A., Rocka S., Real R.G.L., Telgmann R., Reed N., Rhodes J., Robertson C., Rosand J., Rosenthal G., Salvato G., Sanchez-Porras R., Sandor J., Sangha G., Schnyer D., Schohl H., Skandsen T., Stevanovic A., van Waesberghe J.V., Stevens R.D., Taccone F.S., Taylor M.S., Zelinkova V., Temkin N., Tolias C.M., Valadka A.B., Valeinis E., Vargiolu A., Vega E., Vik A., Vilcinis R., Wildschut E., Wood G., Xirouchaki N., Zemek R., Maas, A, Menon, D, Adelson, P, Andelic, N, Bell, M, Belli, A, Bragge, P, Brazinova, A, Büki, A, Chesnut, R, Citerio, G, Coburn, M, Cooper, D, Crowder, A, Czeiter, E, Czosnyka, M, Diaz arrastia, R, Dreier, J, Duhaime, A, Ercole, A, Van Essen, T, Feigin, V, Gao, G, Giacino, J, Gonzalez lara, L, Gruen, R, Gupta, D, Hartings, J, Hill, S, Jiang, J, Ketharanathan, N, Kompanje, E, Lanyon, L, Laureys, S, Lecky, F, Levin, H, Lingsma, H, Maegele, M, Majdan, M, Manley, G, Marsteller, J, Mascia, L, Mcfadyen, C, Mondello, S, Newcombe, V, Palotie, A, Parizel, P, Peul, W, Piercy, J, Polinder, S, Puybasset, L, Rasmussen, T, Rossaint, R, Smielewski, P, Söderberg, J, Stanworth, S, Stein, M, Von Steinbüchel, N, Stewart, W, Steyerberg, E, Stocchetti, N, Synnot, A, Te Ao, B, Tenovuo, O, Theadom, A, Tibboel, D, Videtta, W, Wang, K, Williams, W, Wilson, L, Yaffe, K, Adams, H, Agnoletti, V, Allanson, J, Amrein, K, Andaluz, N, Anke, A, Antoni, A, Van As, A, Audibert, G, Azaševac, A, Azouvi, P, Azzolini, M, Baciu, C, Badenes, R, Barlow, K, Bartels, R, Bauerfeind, U, Beauchamp, M, Beer, D, Beer, R, Belda, F, Bellander, B, Bellier, R, Benali, H, Benard, T, Beqiri, V, Beretta, L, Bernard, F, Bertolini, G, Bilotta, F, Blaabjerg, M, Den Boogert, H, Boutis, K, Bouzat, P, Brooks, B, Brorsson, C, Bullinger, M, Burns, E, Calappi, E, Cameron, P, Carise, E, Castaño león, A, Causin, F, Chevallard, G, Chieregato, A, Christie, B, Cnossen, M, Coles, J, Collett, J, Della Corte, F, Craig, W, Csato, G, Csomos, A, Curry, N, Dahyot fizelier, C, Dawes, H, Dematteo, C, Depreitere, B, Dewey, D, Van Dijck, J, Đilvesi, Đ, Dippel, D, Dizdarevic, K, Donoghue, E, Duek, O, Dulière, G, Dzeko, A, Eapen, G, Emery, C, English, S, Esser, P, Ezer, E, Fabricius, M, Feng, J, Fergusson, D, Figaji, A, Fleming, J, Foks, K, Francony, G, Freedman, S, Freo, U, Frisvold, S, Gagnon, I, Galanaud, D, Gantner, D, Giraud, B, Glocker, B, Golubovic, J, Gómez López, P, Gordon, W, Gradisek, P, Gravel, J, Griesdale, D, Grossi, F, Haagsma, J, Håberg, A, Haitsma, I, Van Hecke, W, Helbok, R, Helseth, E, Van Heugten, C, Hoedemaekers, C, Höfer, S, Horton, L, Hui, J, Huijben, J, Hutchinson, P, Jacobs, B, Van Der Jagt, M, Jankowski, S, Janssens, K, Jelaca, B, Jones, K, Kamnitsas, K, Kaps, R, Karan, M, Katila, A, Kaukonen, K, De Keyser, V, Kivisaari, R, Kolias, A, Kolumbán, B, Kolundžija, K, Kondziella, D, Koskinen, L, Kovács, N, Kramer, A, Kutsogiannis, D, Kyprianou, T, Lagares, A, Lamontagne, F, Latini, R, Lauzier, F, Lazar, I, Ledig, C, Lefering, R, Legrand, V, Levi, L, Lightfoot, R, Lozano, A, Macdonald, S, Major, S, Manara, A, Manhes, P, Maréchal, H, Martino, C, Masala, A, Masson, S, Mattern, J, Mcfadyen, B, Mcmahon, C, Meade, M, Melegh, B, Menovsky, T, Moore, L, Morgado Correia, M, Morganti kossmann, M, Muehlan, H, Mukherjee, P, Murray, L, Van Der Naalt, J, Negru, A, Nelson, D, Nieboer, D, Noirhomme, Q, Nyirádi, J, Oddo, M, Okonkwo, D, Oldenbeuving, A, Ortolano, F, Osmond, M, Payen, J, Perlbarg, V, Persona, P, Pichon, N, Piippo karjalainen, A, Pili floury, S, Pirinen, M, Ple, H, Poca, M, Posti, J, Van Praag, D, Ptito, A, Radoi, A, Ragauskas, A, Raj, R, Real, R, Reed, N, Rhodes, J, Robertson, C, Rocka, S, Røe, C, Røise, O, Roks, G, Rosand, J, Rosenfeld, J, Rosenlund, C, Rosenthal, G, Rossi, S, Rueckert, D, De Ruiter, G, Sacchi, M, Sahakian, B, Sahuquillo, J, Sakowitz, O, Salvato, G, Sánchez porras, R, Sándor, J, Sangha, G, Schäfer, N, Schmidt, S, Schneider, K, Schnyer, D, Schöhl, H, Schoonman, G, Schou, R, Sir, Ö, Skandsen, T, Smeets, D, Sorinola, A, Stamatakis, E, Stevanovic, A, Stevens, R, Sundström, N, Taccone, F, Takala, R, Tanskanen, P, Taylor, M, Telgmann, R, Temkin, N, Teodorani, G, Thomas, M, Tolias, C, Trapani, T, Turgeon, A, Vajkoczy, P, Valadka, A, Valeinis, E, Vallance, S, Vámos, Z, Vargiolu, A, Vega, E, Verheyden, J, Vik, A, Vilcinis, R, Vleggeert lankamp, C, Vogt, L, Volovici, V, Voormolen, D, Vulekovic, P, Vande Vyvere, T, Van Waesberghe, J, Wessels, L, Wildschut, E, Williams, G, Winkler, M, Wolf, S, Wood, G, Xirouchaki, N, Younsi, A, Zaaroor, M, Zelinkova, V, Zemek, R, Zumbo, F, Pediatric Surgery, Intensive Care, and Public Health

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE, Treatment outcome, Poison control, Other Research Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 0], EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS, Review, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL, Middle income country, Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intensive care, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Journal Article, medicine, traumatic barin injury, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Clinical care, Neurologic disease, Psychiatry, DIAGNOSTIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES, business.industry, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL, ACUTE SUBDURAL-HEMATOMA, SEVERE HEAD-INJURY, ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES, brain injury, Hospital care, 3. Good health, Reconstructive and regenerative medicine Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 10], Brain Injuries, Health care cost, PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES, Human medicine, Neurology (clinical), business, Humanities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, GLASGOW COMA SCALE
Abstract

Executive summary A concerted effort to tackle the global health problem posed by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is long overdue. TBI is a public health challenge of vast, but insufficiently recognised, proportions. Worldwide, more than 50 million people have a TBI each year, and it is estimated that about half the world’s population will have one or more TBIs over their lifetime. TBI is the leading cause of mortality in young adults and a major cause of death and disability across all ages in all countries, with a disproportionate burden of disability and death occurring in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). It has been estimated that TBI costs the global economy approximately $US400 billion annually. Deficiencies in prevention, care, and research urgently need to be addressed to reduce the huge burden and societal costs of TBI. This Commission highlights priorities and provides expert recommendations for all stakeholders— policy makers, funders, health-care professionals, researchers, and patient representatives—on clinical and research strategies to reduce this growing public health problem and improve the lives of people with TBI. The epidemiology of TBI is changing: in high-income countries, the number of elderly people with TBI is increasing, mainly due to falls, while in LMICs, the burden of TBI from road traffic incidents is increasing. Data on the frequency of TBI and TBI-related deaths and on the economic impact of brain trauma are often incomplete and vary between countries. Improved, accurate epidemiological monitoring and robust healtheconomic data collection are needed to inform healthcare policy and prevention programmes. Highly developed and coordinated systems of care are crucial for management of patients with TBI. However, in practice, implementation of such frameworks varies greatly and disconnects exist in the chain of care. Optimisation of systems of care should be high on the policy agenda and could yield substantial gains in terms of both patient outcomes and costs to society. TBI is a complex condition, and strong evidence to support treatment guidelines and recommendations is scarce. Most multicentre clinical trials of medical and surgical interventions have failed to show efficacy, despite promising preclinical results. At the bedside, treatment strategies are generally based on guidelines that promote a one-size-fits-all approach and are insufficiently targeted to the needs of individual patients. Attempts to individualise treatment are challenging owing to the diversity of TBI, and are hampered by the use of simplistic methods to characterise its initial type and severity. Advances in genomics, blood biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pathophysiological monitoring, combined with informatics to integrate data from multiple sources, offer new research avenues to improve disease characterisation and monitoring of disease evolution. These tools can also aid understanding of disease mechanisms and facilitate targeted treatment strategies for individual patients. Individualised management in the postacute phase and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment and care processes depend on accurate quantification of outcomes. In practice, however, the use of simplistic methods hinders efforts to quantify outcomes after TBI of all severities. Development and validation of multidimensional approaches will be essential to improve measurement of clinical outcomes, for both research and patient care. In particular, we need to find better ways to characterise the currently under-recognised risk of long-term disabling sequelae in patients with relatively mild injuries. Prognostic models are important to help clinicians to provide reliable information to patients and relatives, and to facilitate comparative audit of care between centres and countries. There is an urgent need for further development, validation, and implementation of prognostic models in TBI, particularly for less severe TBI. This multitude of challenges in TBI—encompassing systems of care, clinical management, and research strategy—demands novel approaches to the generation of new evidence and its implementation in clinical practice. Comparative effectiveness research (CER) offers opportunities to capitalise on the diversity of TBI and systems of care and enables assessment of therapies in real-world conditions; high-quality CER studies can provide strong evidence to support guideline recommendations. The global challenges posed by TBI necessitate global collaborations and a change in research culture to endorse broad data sharing. This Commission covers a range of topics that need to be addressed to confront the global burden of TBI and reduce its effects on individuals and society: epidemiology (section 1); health economics (section 2); prevention (section 3); systems of care (section 4); clinical management (section 5); characterisation of TBI (section 6); outcome assessment (section 7); prognosis (section 8); and new directions for acquiring and implementing evidence (section 9). Table 1 summarises key messages from the Commission and provides recommendations to advance clinical care and research in TBI. We must increase awareness of the scale of the challenge posed by TBI. If we are to tackle the individual and societal burden of TBI, these efforts need to go beyond a clinical and research audience and address the public, politicians, and other stakeholders. We need to develop and implement policies for better prevention and systems of care in order to improve outcomes for individuals with TBI. We also need a commitment to substantial long-term investment in TBI research across a range of disciplines to determine best practice and facilitate individualised management strategies. A combination of innovative research methods and global collaboration, and ways to effectively translate progress in basic and clinical research into clinical practice and public health policy, will be vital for progress in the field.

Published
2017
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18. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Department of Defense Sport-Related Concussion Common Data Elements Version 1.0 Recommendations

Author

Broglio, S.P., Kontos, A.P., Levin, H., Schneider, K., Wilde, E.A., Cantu, R.C., Feddermann-Demont, N., Fuller, G., Gagnon, I., Gioia, G., Giza, C.C., Griesbach, G.S., Leddy, J.J., Lipton, M.L., Mayer, A., McAllister, T., McCrea, M., McKenzie, L., Putukian, M., Signoretti, S., Suskauer, S.J., Tamburro, R., Turner, M., Yeates, K.O., Zemek, R., Ala'i, S., Esterlitz, J., Gay, K., Bellgowan, P.S.F., and Joseph, K.

Abstract

Aim: Through a partnership with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Department of Defense (DoD), the development of Sport-Related Concussion (SRC) Common Data Elements (CDEs) was initiated. The aim of this collaboration was to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical research studies and clinical treatment outcomes, increase data quality, facilitate data sharing across studies, reduce study start-up time, more effectively aggregate information into metadata results, and educate new clinical investigators. Materials/Methods: The SRC CDE Working Group consisted of 34 worldwide experts in concussion from varied fields of related expertise, divided into three Subgroups: Acute (3 months post-concussion). To develop CDEs, the Subgroups reviewed various domains, and then selected from, refined, and added to existing CDEs, case report forms and field-tested data elements from national registries and funded research studies. Recommendations were posted to the NINDS CDE Website for Public Review from February 2017 to April 2017. Results: Following an internal Working Group review of recommendations, along with consideration of comments received from the Public Review period, the first iteration (Version 1.0) of the NINDS SRC CDEs was completed in June 2017. The recommendations include Core and Supplemental ? Highly Recommended CDEs for cognitive data elements and symptom checklists, as well as other outcomes and endpoints (e.g., vestibular, oculomotor, balance, anxiety, depression) and sample case report forms (e.g., injury reporting, demographics, concussion history) for domains typically included in clinical research studies. Interpretation: The NINDS SRC CDEs and supporting documents are publicly available on the NINDS CDE website https://www.commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov/. Widespread use of CDEs by researchers and clinicians will facilitate consistent SRC clinical research and trial design, data sharing, and metadata retrospective analysis.

Published
2018

29. Determinants Of Oral corticosteroid Responsiveness in Wheezing Asthmatic Youth (DOORWAY): protocol for a prospective multicentre cohort study of children with acute moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbations

Author

Ducharme, F M, primary, Zemek, R, additional, Gravel, J, additional, Chalut, D, additional, Poonai, N, additional, Laberge, S, additional, Quach, C, additional, Krajinovic, M, additional, Guimont, C, additional, Lemière, C, additional, and Guertin, M C, additional

Published
2014
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30. How does Phytoseiulus Persimilis find its prey when foraging within a bean plant?

Author

Zemek, R., Nachman, Gøsta Støger, Ru°z¿ic¿kova´, S, Zemek, R., Nachman, Gøsta Støger, and Ru°z¿ic¿kova´, S

Abstract

The role of herbivore-induced volatile substances in prey-finding by phytoseiid mites has been repeatedly documented using an olfactometer. The objective of the present paper is to test the hypothesis that movement by Phytoseiulus persimilis is affected by these volatiles even on plants. Two series of laboratory experiments were carried out. In the first series we studied searching behavior of P. persimilis females on young bean plants in which a single leaf was infested with spider mites. The effect of spider mite colony location on the walking pattern of predatory mites while on a leaf was studied in the second series of experiments. We found that P. persimilis individuals were unable to discriminate between infested and uninfested leaves when they walked up the stem of a bean plant. On the other hand, results of the second series of experiments indicate that walk was not random once a predator was on the leaf surface since it was attracted to the spider mite patch, at least over a distance of 1 cm. These results thus demonstrate that herbivore-induced volatiles can be utilized by P. persimilis during search for prey also under conditions that mimic natural situations better than an olfactometer does.

Published
2008

32. Improving mental health care transitions for children and youth: a protocol to implement and evaluate an emergency department clinical pathway.

Author

Jabbour, Mona, Reid, S., Polihronis, C., Cloutier, P., Gardner, W., Kennedy, A., Gray, C., Zemek, R., Pajer, K., Barrowman, N., and Cappelli, M.

Subjects
MENTAL health, DECISION making, RISK assessment, EMERGENCY medical services, HEALTH care industry, PSYCHIATRIC diagnosis, MENTAL illness treatment, HOSPITAL emergency services, MEDICAL care research, MEDICAL protocols, MENTAL health services, RESEARCH funding, EVALUATION of human services programs
Abstract

Background: While the emergency department (ED) is often a first point of entry for children and youth with mental health (MH) concerns, there is a limited capacity to respond to MH needs in this setting. Child MH systems are typically fragmented among multiple ministries, organizations, and providers. Communication among these groups is often poor, resulting in gaps, particularly in transitions of care, for this vulnerable population. The evidence-based Emergency Department Mental Health Clinical Pathway (EDMHCP) was created with two main goals: (1) to guide risk assessment and disposition decision-making for children and youth presenting to the ED with MH concerns and (2) to provide a streamlined transition to follow-up services with community MH agencies (CMHAs) and other providers. The purpose of this paper is to describe our study protocol to implement and evaluate the EDMHCP.Methods/design: This mixed methods health services research project will involve implementation and evaluation of the EDMHCP in four exemplar ED-CMHA dyads. The Theoretical Domains Framework will be used to develop a tailored intervention strategy to implement the EDMHCP. A multiple baseline study design and interrupted time-series analysis will be used to determine if the EDMHCP has improved health care utilization, medical management of the MH problems, and health sector coordination. The primary process outcome will be the proportion of patients with MH-specific recommendations documented in the health record. The primary service outcome will be the proportion of patients receiving the EDMHCP-recommended follow-up at 24-h or at 7 days. Data sources will include qualitative interviews, health record audits, administrative databases, and patient surveys. A concurrent process evaluation will be conducted to assess the degree of variability and fidelity in implementation across the sites.Discussion: This paper presents a novel model for measuring the effects of the EDMHCP. Our development process will identify how the EDMHCP is best implemented among partner organizations to deliver evidence-based risk management of children and youth presenting with MH concerns. More broadly, it will contribute to the body of evidence supporting clinical pathway implementation within novel partnerships.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT02590302 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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33. Identifying Children with Medically Necessary Physical Activity Restrictions: Optimizing their Safe and Successful Participation with Peers and in Community.

Author

Xia, M. Y., Doja, A., Duffy, C. M., Gardin, L., Gow, R. M., Jurencak, R., Katz, S. L., Lai, L. S. W., Lamontagne, C., Lee, S., Lougheed, J., McCormick, A., McMillan, H. J., Pohl, D., Roth, J., Theoret-Douglas, C., Duffy, K. Watanabe, Wong, D., Zemek, R., and Longmuir, P. E.

Subjects
CHILDREN'S accident prevention, IDENTIFICATION, RESEARCH methodology, PARENTS, PATIENTS, PHYSICIANS, PROBABILITY theory, QUESTIONNAIRES, RELIABILITY (Personality trait), SOCIAL participation, STATISTICS, SURVEYS, CHILDREN with disabilities, PHYSICAL activity
Abstract

Background: Physical activity optimizes children's health but current tools cannot identify children, under 15 years, with medically necessary activity restrictions. Expert consensus was that medically necessary activity restrictions should be identified by asking parents, "Has a healthcare provider told you that there are some types of physical activity that your child should not do?" This study evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of this proposed question. Methods: Parents of children 3 to 14 years old who visited the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario from June to August, 2015, were approached and asked to answer the proposed question along with 9 distractor questions. A second survey sent 7 days later evaluated response reliability. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed comparing parent-reported activity restrictions to information obtained from each child's treating physician. Results: A total of 200 initial parent surveys were collected (Rheumatology=34, Rehabilitation=11, Cardiology=52, Emergency Department=31, Respirology=22, Neurology=50), 74 of which completed the second survey. The sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the question of interest were 27%, 94%, and 93%, respectively. Low sensitivity occurred among patients seen in the epilepsy (n=19) and rehabilitation (neuromuscular=8; spina bifida=2; chronic pain=1)) clinics. Excluding these patients, sensitivity was 86%. Agreement beyond what would be expected by chance was found for parents' and corresponding treating physician's answers to the question (Kappa = 0.25, p<.0005) and parents' answers on the first and second survey (Kappa = 0.7, p<.0005). Discussion: Misunderstanding of the question occurred routinely among epilepsy and rehabilitation medicine patients, resulting in overall low sensitivity. Many parents recruited from these clinics focused on the word "types" in the question of interest. Alternative wording of the question, such as focusing more broadly on how physical activities are performed and supervised, is required for identifying activity restrictions in children with physical disabilities or epilepsy. The current question effectively identified children requiring physical activity restrictions in cardiology, respirology, rheumatology, and emergency medicine clinics, with overall sensitivity, specificity, and Kappa calculations being 86%, 95%, and 0.55 (p<.0005), respectively. Future research should examine modified question wording in a larger and more diverse sample of children with medical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

34. Interactions in a tritrophic acarine predator-prey metapopulation system III:Effects of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on host plant condition

Author

Nachman, Gösta, Zemek, R., Nachman, Gösta, and Zemek, R.

Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: January, 2002, Spider mites are serious pests on many economically important plant species, because they may reduce plant productivity and, at high mite densities, overexploit and even kill the host plants. We have conducted a series of greenhouse experiments to quantify the effects of two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) on host plants (Phaseolusvulgaris). The average amount of chlorophyll per cm2 leaf area was used as a measure of plant condition. It was shown that chlorophyll concentration decreases with plant age and intensity of spider mite feeding. Damage caused by spider mites was assessed visually, using the Leaf Damage Index (LDI) defined by, and a mathematical relationship between the visual measurements and the amount of chlorophyll/cm2 was fitted to data. The relationship may serve as a short-cut to estimate overall plant injury, expressed as the relative loss of chlorophyll/cm2 leaf area caused by spider mites (D). D takes values between 0 (no injury) and 1 (all leaves dead). A highly significant positive relationship between the instantaneous spider mite density and D was found, even though D is expected to reflect the cumulated density of mites (mite-days). A model of plant growth incorporating information about plant age and D predicts that plant area has a maximum when plant age is about 60 days, and that plant area decreases exponentially with an increase in D.

Published
2002

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