Search

Introduction. A calculation scheme of karst sinkhole in karst territories using the results of laboratory experimental studies is developed, which makes it possible to determine the shape and size of karst sinkhole depending on the karst cavity dimeter (radius), its depth, the base slope angle and the angle of internal friction of soils composing the slope.Materials and methods. The method of calculation of normal contact stresses in the sloping soil base under the bottom of the cross-beam foundation during the formation of karst sinkholes is given, considering three main cases of karst cavity location in the slope massif with the most unfavourable location of the karst cavity relative to the cross-beam foundation structures.Results. The analytical dependence allowing to determine the theoretical value of the design value of the diameter Lc of the cavity in the sloping base is obtained, as well as to establish the main design dependences for determining the normal contact stresses, which allow to estimate the changes in the VAT parameters of the cross-beam foundation operation after the cavity vault collapse and formation of a complex shape of the collapse funnel.Conclusions. The developed methodology is convenient to use for qualitative assessment of design solutions in the design of cross-beam foundations on a sloping base in karst-prone areas. The obtained variant design values of the main VAT parameters according to the proposed methodology will allow to apply rational design solutions in design.

New data on the composition of the pyroclastic deposits of the Krasheninnikov caldera allowed us to correlate it to the previously studied tephra horizon Geys30, which until recently was erroneously attributed to an eruption within the Geysernaya caldera. Pyroclastic flow deposits from the eruption that led to the formation of the Krasheninnikov caldera were found on the southern shore of Kronotsky Lake, and its distal tephra was found in the sediments of the Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD) at a distance of up to 200 km from the source (from Milkovo to Kliuchi villages). The age of this tephra was previously estimated at ~30 ka, which now allows us to accept this estimate for the Krasheninnikov caldera. The identification of the tephra of the caldera-forming eruption in distal sections allows a minimum estimate of the erupted pyroclastic volume of ~13 km3 and the eruption magnitude of 6.1.

The Cu–Cr–Zr–Nb alloy bars were prepared by vacuum melting, hot forging, solution treatment, and drawing. The effects of aging processes on the microstructure, texture, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the alloy were studied, and the precipitation kinetics was analyzed. Besides, the effect of adding Nb to the Cu–Cr–Zr alloy was simulated by the first-principles calculation. The results showed that when the aging temperature increased from 400 °C to 460 °C, Cube texture and Brass texture were transformed into Copper texture. The Cu–Cr–Zr–Nb alloy exhibited superior comprehensive properties such as a hardness of 84.3 HRB, a tensile strength of 520 MPa, an elongation of 19.0 %, and an electrical conductivity of 83.5 International Annealed Copper Standard (%IACS) after being aged at 460 °C for 4 h. The precipitation kinetics and electrical conductivity equations under different aging temperatures were established, and the precipitation activation energy of 24 kJ/mol was obtained. Moreover, the precipitation process of the alloy was also described by the Avrami empirical equation. It was found that the reaction mechanism of the alloy changed from nucleation and growth to one-dimensional diffusion as the aging temperature increased from 400 °C to 520 °C. It was also confirmed that Nb and Cr formed the Cr2Nb compound according to the first-principles calculation.

Throughout the pandemic, a new coronavirus infection has led to the death of more than 6 million people worldwide. One of the most severe complications of this extremely dangerous infection is damage to the coronary vascular system caused by damage to the endothelium of the vessels, which leads to the development of thrombotic complications. They can occur in the basins of the brain, heart, in the splanchnic circulatory system, as well as in the vessels of the extremities, especially in conditions of concomitant atherosclerotic lesion. We present the case of treatment of an elderly patient with obliterating atherosclerosis and critical lower limb ischemia after a COVID-19 infection complicated by thrombosis of the femoral-popliteal shunt.

The article presents calculations and analysis of phase equilibria in magnesium alloys of the Mg–Al–Mn–Ca system with additional alloying of Zr and La. An assessment of the influence of the degree, deformation rate, and extrusion temperature on the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of the material has been evaluated. The impact of heat treatment of deformed samples on the complex of strength and plastic properties has been investigated.

The processes of formation of films of alloys of the Cr–Ni, Cr–Ni–Si and Fe–Ni systems with a stab le elemental composition by evaporation methods are considered. It is shown that due to the large difference in the melting temperatures of Ni and Cr, nichrome films are obtained by sublimation. The design of the evaporator is proposed, which makes it possible to stabilize the composition of the films. Calculations of azeotropic compositions of alloys of the Cr–Ni–Si system have been carried out. The position of the isobars of the total pressure of iron and nickel on the state diagram was determined during evaporation in vacuum. The azeotropic composition of the alloy of the Fe–Ni system was calculated and experimentally verified.

The formation processes of coatings of Cu–Ni and Ag–Cu systems with a stable elemental composition by the method of electron-beam evaporation are considered. It is shown that in the zone of action of the electron beam on the ingot placed in the crucible at the total vapor pressure of the alloy elements Σp above the pressure under the cap of the installation, the melt boils, and in the outer zone adjacent to the melt zone, the process of sublimation of the hard alloy occurs. The microrelief and elemental composition of the surface layer of the Cu–Ni alloy ingot in the zones of evaporation and sublimation, as well as the elemental composition of the coatings deposited in this case, have been studied. It is shown that the most acceptable way to obtain coatings of the Cu–Ni system with a stable elemental composition is the simultaneous electron-beam evaporation of copper and nickel from two crucibles. The azeotropic composition of the alloy of the Ag–Cu system was calculated and experimentally verified. The research results are used in the manufacture of multilayered screens of electromagnetic radiation.

The modern world is in constant technological change, which requires the society to have the relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities to effectively perform their professional duties, improve leadership skills, and unlock hidden potential. Today, training sessions and coaching sessions are popular methods of influencing the results and development of an individual or staff. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group training and team coaching, and to analyse their systemic differences. To fulfil this purpose, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, hermeneutic method, comparative method, survey, interview method, and generalisation method. The results of the this study covered the essence and elements of group training and team coaching, identified the advantages of the group form of work, analysed the characteristics of the professional competence of trainers, investigated the role of the trainer and coach as a central figure in building trust and interaction in the team, analysed the types, techniques, methods of conducting group trainings and team coaching sessions, the methodology of their creation, determined the role of the use of “tactical empathy”, models, psychological technologies, and techniques used in training sessions to improve leadership qualities, covered the value-based approach to leadership, assessed the criteria for effectiveness and feasibility based on a survey on the need for coaching and training sessions. A clear separation of the concepts of coaching and training is essential for the practical application of these techniques to effectively develop leadership skills among the participants of these events. The findings of this study will be useful for both personal development specialists and their clients

Abstract We present a continuous ∼6.2 Ma long record of explosive activity from the Northwest Pacific volcanic arcs based on a composite tephra sequence derived from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 882A and 884B, and core MD01‐2416 on the Detroit Seamount. Geochemical fingerprinting of tephra glass using major and trace element analyses and correlations of tephra layers between the three cores allowed the identification of 119 unique tephras, suggesting eruptions of magnitude (M) of 5.8–7.8. Age estimates for all the identified eruptions were obtained with the help of published and further refined age models for the studied cores, direct 40Ar/39Ar dating of four ash layers, and Bayesian age modeling. The glass compositions vary from low‐ to high‐K2O basaltic andesite to rhyolite and exhibit typical subduction‐related affinity. The majority of the tephras originated from Kamchatka, only a few tephras—from the neighboring Kuril and Aleutian arcs. The glass compositions revealed no temporal trends but made it possible to identify their source volcanic zones in Kamchatka and, in some cases, to determine their source eruptive centers. Our data indicates episodes of explosive activity recorded in the Detroit tephra sequence at ∼6,200, 5,600–5,000, 4,300–3,700 ka, and almost continuous activity since ∼3,000 ka. Within the latter episode, the most active intervals can be identified at 1,700–1,600, 1,150–1,050, and 600–50 ka. Geochemically fingerprinted and dated Detroit tephra sequence form a framework for dating and correlating diverse paleoenvironmental archives across the Northwest Pacific and for studies of geochemical evolution of the adjacent volcanic arcs.

ABSTRACTThe Kamchatka Peninsula lies on the eastern active margin of Eurasia, adjacent to the Kuril-Kamchatka subduction zone. In this study, we provide a geomorphological map of the Central Kamchatka Depression – the largest sedimentary basin in Kamchatka and also in all the island arcs of the North Pacific. The depression extends along Kamchatka at latitudes ∼44–46° N for more than 400 km and is up to 100 km wide. The geomorphological map of the Central Kamchatka Depression is designed at a scale of 1:500,000 and contains ∼3000 mapped objects. Volcanic and tectonic landforms have been collected from published sources and generalised to the map scale. Glacial and fluvial landforms have been mapped using remote sensing data and field geomorphological surveys. Areas of ambiguous interpretation have been outlined. This map is the most detailed geomorphological map published for this region that may guide further geomorphological and paleogeographical investigations.

В работе исследуются особенности общественно-политических образований тюрков после распада Золотой Орды. Рассматриваются различные точки зрения на данную проблему. Авторы приходятк выводу, что монгольское влияние в средние века на соседние народы, в частности, тюрков и славян,было в итоге скорее позитивным, чем негативным. Монголы стали одним из факторов их этнического,государственно-правового, духовного и культурного развития. Выяснение специфики государственного устройства, политико-правовой жизни допетровской Руси помогает понять многие особенности средневековой тюрко-монгольской государственности, а также общие тенденции внешней политики России XVI–XIX вв. по отношению к тюркам.

В работе исследуются особенности методов научного права. Рассматриваются различные точкизрения на данную проблему. В соответствии с пониманием научного права как комплексной отрасли российского права, регулирующей отношения в сфере научной, научно-технической и связаннойс ними инновационной деятельности, авторы приходят к выводу, что для него характерно сочетаниечастных и публичных аспектов, диспозитивного и императивного методов правового регулированияисходя из того круга отношений, на которые воздействуют нормы права.

Active faults are those faults on which movement is possible in the future. This draws particular attention to active faults in geodynamic studies and seismic hazard assessment. Here, we present a high-detail continental-scale geodatabase: The Active Faults of Eurasia Database (AFEAD). It comprises 48 205 objects stored in shapefile format with spatial detail sufficient for a 1 : 1 000 000 map scale. The fault sense, a rank of confidence in activity, a rank of slip rate, and a reference to source publications are provided for each database entry. Where possible, this information is supplemented by a fault name, fault zone name, abbreviated fault parameters (e.g., slip rate, age of the last motion, and total offset), and text information from the sources. The database was collected from 612 published sources, including regional maps, databases, and research papers. AFEAD facilitates a spatial search for local studies. It provides sufficient detail for planning a study of a particular fault system and guides deeper bibliographical investigations. This scenario is particularly significant for vast central and northern Asian areas, where most studies are available only in Russian and hard copy. Moreover, the database model provides the basis for regional- and continental-scale integrative studies based on geographic information systems (GISs). The database is available at https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25509.58084 (Bachmanov et al., 2022) and via web map at http://neotec.ginras.ru/index/mapbox/database_map.html (last access: 5 May 2022). Database representations and supplementary data are hosted at http://neotec.ginras.ru/index/english/database_eng.html (last access: 5 May 2022).

Problems of formation, development and introduction of the modern pedagogical selfdevelopment system in university educational process by means of physical culture and sport have been considered in this article. Such generated pedagogical system reflects practical implementation of social order on the modern educational paradigm aimed at creation of competitive, physically and morally strong individuals. This system promotes self-realization of students' individuality in formation of physical culture and sport competencies as well as competencies of self-development. Contemporary conditions of society's development and analysis of the world social cultural and educational tendencies show that recently the object of scrupulous society's attention and the subject of interdisciplinary research have become different aspects of person's behavior in respect of his health in many highly developed countries. The slogan of such relation is: "Health is not everything but everything without health is nothing". And this very principle specifies the problems of students' self-development during intensive preparation for professional activity in the course of university training. These problems are aimed at maintenance of their health and improvement of physical preparation considering formation of professional motor competences for effective and qualitative mastering of future profession and career after graduation from the university.

In the modern literature, there are practically no data on the electrical characteristics of bituminous binders modified with carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplates, while they are necessary for the design and development of innovative asphalt pavement compositions sensitive to the super-high-frequency microwave radiation. Contemporary bituminous binders are multi-component systems that may contain polymers, rubbers, synthetic or natural resins, inorganic salts, and even fragrances. As a result of application of modifying additives, bitumen acquires high performance characteristics. A special class of modifiers are micro- and nano-sized electrically conductive fibers and particles (steel wool, carbon fibers, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplates), the use of which makes it possible to ensure the sensibility of bituminous binders to super-high-frequency microwave radiation and the implementation of the process of healing cracks in an asphalt pavement with its subsequent regeneration. As part of the study, the authors developed an original technique to produce bituminous binders modified with carbon nanotubes and multilayer graphene. Modified bituminous compositions in the concentration range from 0.2 to 6 and from 0.2 to 11 wt. % for multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and multilayer graphene nanoplates (MG), respectively were experimentally obtained. For the first time, the dependence of the specific volume electrical conductivity of bitumen-based nanocomposites on the concentration of nanostructured carbon filler (MWCNT and MG) was researched. The maximum values of electrical conductivity were 4.76×10−4 S/cm and 3.5×10−4 S/cm for nanocomposites containing 6 wt. % MWCNT and 11 wt. % MG, respectively. The study determined the filler volume fractions at the percolation threshold for nanocomposites containing MWCNT and MG. They amounted to 0.22 and 2.18, respectively. The formation of a percolation contour in nanocomposites containing MWCNT occurs at significantly lower filler concentrations compared to bituminous compositions containing MG.

The paper presents the results of remote sensing interpretation of active faults of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. The use of remote sensing data allowed us to identify fault scarps and magma-conducting fractures, expressed in the topography by chains of eruption centers. Most of the detected faults are located on volcanic plateaus, what indicates the relation of faulting with thinning of the brittle crust under the volcanic belt, similar to the faults of the Eastern Volcanic Belt. The geometrical characteristics of the most preserved scarps provide an estimate of the magnitude of paleoearthquakes Mw = 5.8±0.2, which significantly exceeds the historical seismicity. The identified faults are located above the northern edge of the subducted portion of the Pacific plate and form a zone oblique to the axis of the Kuril-Kamchatka island-arc system. The strike and normal sense of the faults are consistent with the transverse extension in Kamchatka. These new data provide the northern and western boundaries of the above-subduction extensional setting in Kamchatka.

In referencing the Russia President to Federal Meeting said, that one of the main problems of the future development of the social state is an increasing life's quality of the Russians, the improvement of health to nations and demographic situation in Russian Federation. Per annum 72-years Victories in Great Domestic war sharply cost the questions of health of the population to Russia, particularly youth. On front of the war we have lost more than twenty eight million best representatives to nations so hitherto can not solve the demographic questions and consolidate health a youth facility of the physical culture and improvement of the nation health and the demographic situation in Russian Federation. The particularity of the Russians reproduction behaviours at the last any tens of years were shown installation prevalence to the systems of the families with little children, and low need for children and life's conditions, promoting its deformation. In total, the country has got such results of the reproduction behaviours which for long years will main narrowed type of the reproducing population. The Russia demographic program became reaction on established and, regrettably, already firm disadvantage situation in social sphere, on essences, has defined that solving role belongs to the growing of the reproduction activities. The last program is interpreted by us as type of the reproduction population behaviours, providing in prospect growing to its quantity. The life's condition, promoting or preventing to realization children quantity need, emerging structured element of the reproduction behaviours, form one of two its types--the reproduction activity or the reproduction passivity. The solving role in change given situations belongs to increasing of the Russians motor activity, sound lifestyle, systematic occupations by physical culture and sports.

In nature there are depositing media which are relatively stable macrosystems. Their contamination that occurs due to long-term exposure to contaminants influences population health and this is especially vital for urbanized territories with large city-forming enterprises. Our research goal was to perform hygienic assessment of carcinogenic risks for population health under exposure to heavy metals contained in depositing media. We analyzed long-term data on contents of heavy metals in such accumulating media as soils and foods collected in 2005–2018. The data were taken from the reports on social and hygienic monitoring and statistical reports provided by the Orenburg Regional Office of the Federal State Statistics Service. Carcinogenic risks were assessed in accordance with the Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04. We used data provided by the territorial section of the National Cancer Registry to analyze prevalence of oncologic diseases of the digestive organs. We performed correlation analysis to examine correlations between the analyzed factors. The total carcinogenic risk under multi-route introduction of heavy metals from such depositing media as soils and foods has turned out to be unacceptable and amounts to 1.5E-04. The total population carcinogenic risk caused by exposure to heavy metals can reach 85 additional cases of malignant neoplasms over an averaged exposure period which is equal to 70 years. Heavy metals were detected in soils, nickel, cadmium, and chromium VI included, that produced statistically authentic effects on occurrence of malignant neoplasms in the digestive organs. We established an authentic correlation between developing malignant neoplasms in the digestive organs and concentrations of arsenic in foods. We didn’t detect any heavy metals with carcinogenic properties in such accumulating media as soils and foods in concentrations deviating from hygienic standards. But still, it doesn’t mean there is no negative influence on population health, notably long-term effects and developing malignant neoplasms.