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Saccharodite satyrus Zelazny, sp. nov. (Figs. 107, 108, 337) Description. Forewings broad, 1.7 times longer than wide, length in male about 3.9 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown; fore and middle femora tinted with red. Forewings glassy; lightly infuscated, infuscation slightly darker around apex of clavus, from apex of Cu to base of Ms1, in costal cells, and along anterior apical crossveins; light red marks around last two subcostal sectors; veins bright red, but claval veins, first subcostal sector, Cu, and parts of Cu1 and Ms1b stramineous; 4 spots on base of Sc+R. Hindwings very faintly infuscated, veins reddish. In profile junction of vertex and face slightly angulated; subantennal processes connected to margins of facial carinae by a ridge; rostrum reaching hind coxae. Forewings with Sc+R fork at middle of wing; basal median cell about 2x wider than basal cell between Sc+R and M, a small triangle at base of Ms1. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles widening apically; proximal dorsal process wide at base, gradually narrowing to a pointed tip, which is curved inwards; distal dorsal process long. Aedeagus with apical portion large, bearing two pointed processes at its base, divided by a dorsal, longitudinal groove, and ending in two short lobes; the right, terminal lobe bears minute teeth and is slightly curved to the left. Etymology. The species name is a Latin name (Satyrus, from the Greek mythology, the horned companion of Bacchus) used in apposition. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.9 mm), INDONESIA: SUMATRA; labels: 1) Fort de Kock / (Sumatra) 920 M. / 1925/ leg. E. Jacobson (RMNH). Distribution. Sumatra. Diagnosis. Saccharodite satyrus shows similarities to Sa. bicornis Zelazny from the Philippines. It can be distinguished by the bases of the fore and middle tibiae lacking red rings, by nearly all forewing veins being red, and by the stem of the male aedeagus lacking a broad lobe on the left side, near the junction with the apical portion., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 173-174

Rhotana rubifasciata Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 233) Description. Forewings 1.8 times longer than wide, length 4.8–5.1 mm. Frons, clypeus, and hind margin of pronotum very faintly tinted with orange. Forewings near hindmargin with four pairs of black marks; most marks rounded but three marks elongated; the marks are separated by a broad red band; additional red stripes around last subcostal sector and at middle of Ms2; an area in front of black marks covered with white powder. Hindwings colourless. Male genitalia with aedeagus long and slender; stem near apical part with a small, rounded, ventral projection and widening just before apical part; the apical part has small lateral teeth and ends in two straight, pointed processes, the right one shorter. Note. Similar to Rhotana dextra sp. nov. The above description has been shortened, due to this similarity. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (rubifasciatus, -a, -um = with a red stripe). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 5.1 mm), PAPUA NEW GUINEA: NEW IRELAND; labels: 1) NEW IRELAND (SW)/ "Camp Bishop"/ 12 km up Kait R./ 240 m VII-7-1956 2) E.J. Ford, Jr./ Collector (BPBM). Paratype. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: NEW IRELAND (SW): Ridge above "Camp Bishop", 15 km up Kait R., 250–750 m, 13.VII.1956, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.8), E.J. Ford, Jr. (BPBM). Distribution. New Ireland. Diagnosis. Rhotana rubifasciata resembles closely R. dextra sp. nov., R. gracilis sp. nov., and R. aequa sp. nov. from New Britain and New Guinea. It can be distinguished from these by the faint orange markings on frons, clypeus and pronotum, as well as by the male aedeagus ending in two straight, pointed processes of unequal length., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 93

Levu kirkaldyi Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 168) Description. Forewings 2.1 times longer than wide, length: male 2.8–3.4 mm, female 3.2–3.4 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown; facial carinae in front and above eyes bright orange. Forewings white, powdered; dark marks around first subcostal sector and M-Ms4 fork; fainter infuscations distad of clavus tip, around base of Ms1, along apical cross-veins and along apical margin; veins white, but cross-vein between Cu and Cu1 as well as veins around base of Ms1 bright orange; in most specimens (including holotype) anterior apical cross-veins only tinted with orange, but in one specimen bright orange, including the adjoining sections of Sc and R as well as most parts of M. Subantennal process connected to margins of facial carinae. Forewings with Sc+R fork near middle of wing; Ms1 branched in its basal quarter, a triangle at base of Ms1. Male genital styles oval; proximal dorsal process short, distal dorsal process elongated, both well separated. Aedeagus with apical portion broad, tapering towards the end; on the right side, a flat, dorsal lobe. Etymology. The species is named for George Willis Kirkaldy (1873-1910) who made important contributions to the knowledge of the Auchenorrhyncha and ' kirkaldyi ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.4 mm), SOLOMON ISL.; labels: 1) SOLOMON IS./ CHOISEUL I./ Kolombangara R./ 80m. 20. III.'64 2) P.S 3) Malaise Trap / BISHOP (BPBM). Paratypes. SOLOMON ISL.: Santa Ysabel, SE, Tatamba, 0–50m, 5.IX.1964, 1 ♂ (fw. 2.8), R. Straatman, light trap; Malaita, Auki-Tangtalau, 25– 200m, 23.IX.1957, 1 ♀ (fw. 3.4), J.L. Gressitt; NW Malaita, Dala, 8. VI.1964, 1 ♀ (fw. 3.2), R. Straatman, Malaise trap (all BPBM). Distribution. Solomon Islands. Diagnosis. Levu kirkaldyi shows similarities to L. vitiensis Kirkaldy, L. psittacus sp. nov., and L. shanahani sp. nov., all three also found in the Solomons. It can be recognized by the orange facial carinae and by some of the forewing veins being bright orange., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 46

Rhotana fordi Zelazny, sp. nov. (Figs. 27, 225) Description. Forewings 1.7 times longer than wide, length about 5.5 mm. Colour stramineous; margins of facial carinae light brown; clypeus except at its base orange. Forewings with some apical cross-veins and a short section of Sc faintly orange. Male genitalia with sides of pygofer bearing prominent projections; anal segment with a pair of short lateral processes. Genital styles oval; proximal dorsal process triangular; distal dorsal process slender and erect, curved outwards. Both processes widely separated. Aedeagus short and broad; apical portion with a prominent pointed process at its base, and another broad, pointed process on its ventral side; end truncated. Etymology. The species is named for the collector and ' fordi ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 5.5 mm), PAPUA NEW GUINEA: PAPUA; labels: 1) NEW GUINEA: PAPUA / Brown River / May 21–25-1956 2) E.J. Ford, Jr./ light trap (BPBM). Note. Figure 27 shows a male specimen from Bainyik, Papua in AMS (20.XII.1963, D.K. McAlpine, J.W. Evans collection, ASCTHE017620). The photograph has been provided by Murray J. Fletcher, who also identified the specimen. Distribution. New Guinea (Papua). Diagnosis. Rhotana fordi is externally indistinguishable from R. similis sp. nov. and very similar to R. dentata sp. nov., both also from New Guinea. It can be separated from both by the triangular ventral process on the apical part of the male aedeagus., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 89

Saccharodite vietnamensis Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 295) Description. Forewings elongated, 2.2 times longer than wide, length in male about 3.8 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown; three conspicuous red marks in front and above eyes; frons light red; scutellum with dark red stripes at the sides; ventrally, pro- and mesothorax with red marks, metathorax red; hind legs red except for apical 3/4th of tibiae and tarsi; abdomen red; genitalia stramineous. Forewings glassy; basal third infuscated; veins stramineous to light brown, but Cu and bases of Cu1 and Ms1 red; four dark spots at base of Sc+R. Hindwings faintly infuscated at the base; veins in basal third red. In profile, junction of vertex and face rounded; rostrum reaching post trochanters; subantennal processes connected to margins of facial carinae. Forewings with Sc+R fork just before middle of wing; basal median cell short and rhomboid; at the tip of the basal median cell Ms1 branching as well as Cu1 touching Ms1; Ms1a angulated at bases and connected to M by a crossvein forming a large, triangular cell at the base of Ms1; apices of Cu1 and Ms1b separated. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles elongated; proximal dorsal process short and slender; distal dorsal process long. Apical part of aedeagus short, with two short dorsal lobes, which are contiguous at the tip. Etymology. Derived from Vietnam, the latinized species name (vietnamensis, -ensis, -ense) is an adjective. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.8 mm), VIETNAM; labels: 1) VIET NAM/ Blao (Balao) 600m / 14– 21.X.1960 2) C.M. Yoshimoto / Collector (BPBM). Distribution. Vietnam. Diagnosis. Saccharodite vietnamensis sp. nov. show similarities Sa. timida sp. nov., Sa. aurora sp. nov., Sa. propinqua sp. nov., as well as Sa. perlucida sp. nov., all from Borneo. It can be easily distinguished from these by the three red marks on the facial carinae and by the simple apical part of the male aedeagus., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 145-146

Saccharodite foliata Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 262) Description. Forewings 2.1 times longer than wide, length in male 3.0– 3.4 mm (mean = 3.2, n = 50). A red mark above eyes. Forewings without a red mark around last subcostal sector; veins in faintly infuscated parts of variable coloration between orange-brown (holotype) to stramineous; last subcostal sector tinted with orange, veins around junction of M-Ms3 dark. Forewings with Sc+R fork near middle of wing; basal median cell broad, more than twice a wide as basal cell between Sc+R and M; a small triangle at base of Ms1. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles elongated; proximal dorsal process short and narrow, distal dorsal process long. Stem of aedeagus with a prominent flat process, arising from - and parallel to the stem; apical portion with two short, rounded, overlapping lobes. Note. Very similar to Saccharodite scissa sp. nov. The above description has been shortened, due to this similarity. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (foliatus, -a, -um = leafy). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.4 mm), EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH; labels: 1) BRITISH N. BORNEO / Tawau, Quoin Hill / 15–20.VII.1962 2) H. Holtmann / Light Trap / BISHOP (BPBM). Paratypes. EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH: Tawau, Quoin Hill, 3–20,26– 29. VII.1962, 20♂ (fw. 3.0, 3x 3.2, 11x 3.3, 3.4), light trap, H. Holtmann; Cocoa Res. Sta., 225 m, 20.VIII.1962, 3– 6,14,17,19,23,24,26,29. IX.1962, 1,3. X.1962, 42 ♂ (fw. 2x 3.0, 6x 3.1, 9x 3.2, 13x 3.3, 2x 3.4), light and Malaise trap, Y. Hirashima; Forest Camp, 19 km N. of Kalabakan, 19,30. X.1962, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.2), K.J. Kuncheria (all BPBM). Distribution. North Borneo. Diagnosis. Saccharodite foliata is closely related to Sa. scissa sp. nov., also from Borneo. The males can be easily recognized by the large flat process arising from the aedeagus stem., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 123-124

Genus Alara Distant Alara Distant, 1911: 643. Type species: Alara dux Distant, 1911, by monotypy. Mecynorhynchus Muir, 1913: 82. Type species: Mecynorhynchus kershawi Muir, 1913, by original designation, synonymised by Zelazny, 1981: 216 Diagnosis. The species of Alara Distant can be recognized by the combination of the following characters: 1. Forewings elongated, oval in shape and often infuscated. In live specimens (6 species observed) the wing surfaces form a common plane (see Figs. 3, 5, 6). 2. Forewings with five broad costal cells, usually gradually decreasing in length towards the apex. 3. The Sc+R fork is located in the basal third of the forewings. There is usually no triangle at the base of Ms1. 4. Ms1 is often branched distad of its middle. 5. Cu1 is usually connected to Ms1 by a crossvein or, less commonly, both veins merge for a short section. 6. The antennae are usually more elongated than in other genera of the Rhotanini. 7. The rostrum is long, usually reaching the middle or end of the abdomen. Gender. Distant did not explain the origin of the name ' Alara '. The origin seems to be a local female first name because the genus was described by Distant together with the genus Sumangala another female first name in the Indian region. Alara should be considered to be feminine, following article 30.2.4 of the Code. Distribution. The distribution of the genus is shown in Figure 119 and Table 2. Most species of this genus are found in New Guinea (10), the Philippines (7) and Borneo (6). Grouping. The species of Alara are mainly characterized by different colourations and the structure of their male genitalia. While some species are obviously closely related, grouping the species appears not to be possible for the large majority without the help of a molecular phylogenetic analysis., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 16, {"references":["Distant, W. L. (1911) Description of new genera and species of oriental Homoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8 th Ser., vol. 8, 639 - 649.","Muir, F. (1913) On some new species of leaf-hoppers. Part II. Derbidae. Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association, Division of Entomology, Bulletin, No. 12, 28 - 90.","Zelazny, B. (1981) The Philippines species of Rhotanini (Homoptera: Derbidae) and their distribution outside the Philippines. Pacific Insects, 23, 213 - 285."]}

Rhotana dextra Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 224) Description. Forewings 1.9 times longer than wide, length: male 4.9–5.0 mm (mean = 5.0, n= 4), female 4.7–5.7 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown. Forewings near hindmargin with three pairs of round, black marks and one smaller, elongated black mark; these are separated by a broad red band; additional elongated red marks around last subcostal sector and at middle of Ms2; an area in front of black marks covered with white powder; rest of wing glassy and yellow-brown, but hyaline areas between claval vein and first subcostal cell, near second subcostal sector, and before and after anterior apical cross-veins; middle sections of C, Sc, R, Ms1a, Ms1b, Ms2 and apical sections of Sc and R red, other veins stramineous. Hindwings colourless, but most of hind margin and apical sections of claval veins, Cu and first median sector red. Facial carinae contiguous up to lower level of eyes; rostrum surpassing hind coxae; subantennal processes and lateral carinae of pronotum well developed. Forewings with apex of Sc nearly straight; Sc+R fork before middle of wing; Ms1 branched near apex of basal median cell, both branches nearly parallel, apical section of Ms1b connected to Cu1 by a cross-vein, a triangle at base of Ms1. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Apical part of aedeagus with small teeth at the sides and ending in two pointed processes, the left one curved to the right. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (dexter, -tra, -trum = on the right side). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 5.0 mm), PAPUA NEW GUINEA: NEW BRITAIN; labels: 1) New Britain / Vunabakan / 180 m, 10 km E/ of Keravat 2) Nov. 16–20, 1959 / coll. T. C. Maa (BPBM). Paratypes. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: NEW BRITAIN: same data as holotype, 3 ♂ (fw. 2x4.9, 5.0); Warongoi Vall., Gazelle Pen., 100 m, 25. V.1956, 1 ♀ (fw. 4.7), 1 sex unknown (fw. 5.0), J.L. Gressitt; Sio, N. coast, 600 m, 24. VII.1956, 1 ♀ (fw. 5.7), E.J. Ford, Jr. (all BPBM). Distribution. New Britain. Diagnosis. Rhotana dextra resembles closely R. rubifasciata sp. nov., R. gracilis sp. nov., and R. aequa sp. nov. from New Ireland and New Guinea. It can be distinguished from these by the male aedeagus having the left apical process curved to the right., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 88-89

Saccharodite bakeri Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 260) Description. Forewings 2.0 times longer than wide, length in male 3.0– 3.3 mm (mean = 3.2, n = 8). Colour stramineous; a light orange, longitudinal stripe along frons and clypeus; labium faintly tinted with red, apical segment bright red; fore femora each with 2 longitudinal red stripes; middle and hind femora with red marks; fore and middle tibiae, and apical part of hind tibiae orange; all tarsi bright red; abdomen stramineous, pleura of last 4 segments with red marks. Forewings glassy; very faintly infuscated from clavus tip to base of Ms1, around base of Ms2, and along apical crossveins; last subcostal sector accompanied by light red; veins stramineous, but last 2 subcostal sectors, Sc, parts of R and M, and all margins orange-red; 4 small dark spots on base of Sc+R. Hindwings colourless. In profile face very broad in front of eyes and antennae, junction of vertex and face slightly angulated. Forewings with Ms2 curved after basal third. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles oval; proximal dorsal process short and slender; distal dorsal process long. Apical part of aedeagus short, with a dorsal, longitudinal groove, the right side extending into a short, pointed tip. Etymology. The species is named for C.F. Baker who greatly contributed to the knowledge of insects from the Philippines and Borneo, and ' bakeri ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.1 mm), EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH; labels: 1) BRITISH N. BORNEO / Tawau, Quoin Hill / 3–7.VII.1962 2) H. Holtmann / Light trap / BISHOP (BPBM). Paratypes. EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH: Tawau, Quoin Hill, Cocoa Res. Stn., 29.IX.1962, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.3), light trap, Y. Hirashima; same data as holotype, 3–20. VII.1962, 8 ♂ (fw. 3.0, 3.2, 3x 3.3); SE, Forest Camp, 19 km N of Kalabakan, 60 m, 16.XI.1962, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.2), Malaise trap, Hirashima (all BPBM). Distribution. North Borneo. Diagnosis. Saccharodite bakeri is closely related to Sa. rubirostrata Zelazny from the Philippines. However, it has a light orange longitudinal stripe along frons and clypeus, and the apical part of the male aedeagus ends in a short pointed tip and lacks a dorsal lobe covered with small teeth., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 120-121

Rhotana crassa Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 201) Description. Forewings 1.9 times longer than wide, length about 4.6 mm. Colour stramineous; tibiae faintly tinted with red; hind tarsi bright red; abdomen stramineous, the two segments preceding pygofer light orange. Forewings not powdered; some parts faintly yellowish-brown; a brown mark at apex of Cu1; a faint red mark around last subcostal sector; veins stramineous, but two short sections of costa, last subcostal sector, and apex of Sc bright red; apical parts of R, M, Ms3, and Ms4 tinted with red. Hindwings with a large dark brown mark around first median sector, and connected to it two smaller marks, one around second median sector, the other around apices of Cu and claval vein. Facial carinae contiguous up to lower level of eyes; rostrum short, not reaching hind coxae; subantennal processes and lateral carinae of pronotum poorly developed. Forewings with costal margin slightly -, apical section of Sc strongly sinuate; Sc+R fork just distad of basal third of forewings; Ms1 branched just distad of its basal third, Ms1b connected to apical part of Cu1 by a cross-vein, a small triangle at base of Ms1. Male genitalia with lateral projections of pygofer large, wide and rounded at the end; anal segment with a pair of short, lateral processes. Aedeagus short and very broad; the membranous end is partly covered by a rectangular plate. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (crassus, -a, -um = thick). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.6 mm, body 2.6 mm), MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO; labels: 1) BRITISH N. BORNEO / Tawau, Quoin Hill / Cocoa Res. Sta./ 17.IX.1962 2) Y. Hirashima / Light Trap / BISHOP (BPBM). Distribution. North Borneo. Diagnosis. Rhotana crassa shows similarities to R. latipennis Walker, R. sabaea sp. nov., and R. hirashimai sp. nov., all three also found in Borneo. It can be recognized by the bright red hind tarsi, the marks on the hindwings merging; the wide lateral projections of the male pygofer, and the short and broad male aedeagus which lacks a distinct apical part and any processes., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 72-73

Saccharodite rosea Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 280) Description. Forewings 1.9 times longer than wide, length in female about 3.7 mm. Colour orange; abdomen red; rostrum, thoracic sternites, legs, and genitalia stramineous; tips of fore tibiae and tips of hind femora tinted with orange. Forewings glassy, without traces of infuscation; veins stramineous, but part of hind margin near clavus tip orange; 3 dark spots on base of Sc+R. Hindwings colourless, but parts of claval vein and Cu red. In profile junction of vertex and face rounded; subantennal processes well separated from margins of facial carinae; rostrum surpassing post trochanters. Forewings with Sc+R fork at middle of wing; basal median cell slightly wider than basal cell between Sc+R and M; no triangle at base of Ms1. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (roseus, -a, -um = rose-coloured). Type material. Holotype ♀ (forewing 3.7 mm), PAPUA NEW GUINEA; label: PAPUA: Kokoda / 1,200 ft. vii.1933 / L.E. Cheesman. / B.M.1933-427 (BMNH). Paratype. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: NE, Kumur, Upper Jimmi Val., 1000 m, 13. VII.1955, 1 ♀ (fw. 3.8), J.L. Gressitt (BPBM). Distribution. New Guinea. Diagnosis. Saccharodite rosea closely resembles Sa. vitrea sp. nov., also from New Guinea. However, most parts of head and thorax are coloured orange, and the forewings have an orange section on the hind margin near the clavus tip. Its body colour also resembles that of some specimens of Sa. variabilis sp. nov., also found in New Guinea. It can be distinguished from the latter species by the forewings lacking a triangle at the base of Ms1 and any traces of infuscation.

Muiralevu vetus Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 195) Description. Forewings 2.4 times longer than wide, length in male about 3.7 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown. Forewings slightly powdered, colourless, veins stramineous. Forewings with Sc+R fork before middle of wing; bases of Cu1 and Ms1 connected by a very short cross-vein; Ms1 branched just distad of apex of basal median cell; base of Ms1a angulated and connected to M by a cross-vein. Hindwings with apex of R branched. Pygofer slightly and roundly produced at the sides. Apical portion of aedeagus very short, nearly triangular in dorsal view. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (vetus = old) which remains unchanged in all gender forms. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.7 mm), INDONESIA: JAVA; labels: 1) Java/ Buitenzorg/ F. Muir 2) IV.14 (BPBM). Distribution. Java. Diagnosis. Muiralevu vetus is characterized by the colourless body and forewings, by the pygofer lacking pointed lateral projections and by the short, triangular apical part of the male aedeagus., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 65

Saccharodite lamina Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 264) Description. Forewings elongated, 2.3 times longer than wide, length in male 2.9–3.4 mm (mean = 3.2, n = 12). Colour stramineous; margins of facial carinae in front and above eyes slightly orange; labium light orange-brown; fore legs orange, with a bright red longitudinal stripe along femora; a small red mark on middle femora; tibiae and tarsi of middle and hind legs light orange-brown. Forewings glassy, very faintly infuscated around clavus tip, from apex of Cu to base of Ms1, around base of Ms2, and along apical crossveins; a light orange-brown mark around last subcostal sector; veins stramineous to light orange-brown, veins at base of Ms3 darker; in some specimens (not holotype) last subcostal sector bright orange-red; 4 dark spots at base of Sc+R. Hindwings colourless. In profile junction of vertex and face slightly angulated; rostrum reaching post trochanters; subantennal processes connected to margins of facial carinae by a low ridge. Forewings with Sc+R fork at middle of wing; basal median cell broad, more than twice as wide as basal cell between Sc+R and M; a small triangle at base of Ms1. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles elongated; proximal dorsal process short and slender, distal dorsal process long. Stem of aedeagus with a prominent projection on the left side near junction with apical part; apical portion ending in two rounded, overlapping lobes. Etymology. The species name is a Latin noun (lamina = a plate) used in apposition. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.1 mm, body 1.9 mm), EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH; labels: 1) NORTH BORNEO (SE)/ Forest Camp, 19 km N. of Kalabakan / 11.X.1962 2) K.J. Kuncheria / Collector / BISHOP (BPBM). Paratypes. EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH, Tawau, Quoin Hill, Cocoa Res. Sta., 225 m, 6,23,25. IX.1962, 3.X.1962, 4 ♂ (fw. 3.0, 3.2, 2x 3.3), light trap, Y. Hirashima; Tawau, Quoin Hill, 3–20. VII.1962, 4 ♂ (fw. 2.9, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4), light trap, H. Holtmann; same data as holotype, 30.X.1962, 3 ♂ (fw. 2.9, 2x 3.2) (all BPBM). Distribution. North Borneo. Diagnosis. Saccharodite lamina is very similar to Sa. scissa sp. nov., Sa. foliata sp. nov., and Sa. affinis sp. nov., all also from Borneo. The males can be separated from the first two species by the prominent projection on the stem of the aedeagus. Sa. affinis has a similar (although smaller) projection, but in that species the apical part of the aedeagus ends in a pointed hook, which is absent in Sa. lamina.

Dichotropis brevis Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 147) Description. Forewing length about 4.1 mm. Colour stramineous, margins of facial carinae light brown; forewings colourless. Facial carinae clearly separated. Male anal segment with short lateral processes. Genital styles with apex truncate, dorsal processes slender, at the inside near the base a small rounded process, about twice as long as wide, its tip bearing short bristles. Apical part of aedeagus flat, with a dorsal longitudinal impression, the left side slightly longer apically; without lobes or processes. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (brevis, -is, -e = short). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.1 mm), INDONESIA: PAPUA, labels: 1) NEW GUINEA: NETH./ Cyclops Mts.: Ifar / 300 m, VI.21.1959 2) T. C. Maa / Collector / BISHOP (BPBM). Distribution. New Guinea. Diagnosis. Dichotropis brevis is indistinguishable externally from D. nivea sp. nov., D. straatmani sp. nov., and D. peregrina sp. nov., all three also found in New Guinea. The males can be recognized by the short process on the inside of the genital styles., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 32-33

Saccharodite perlucida Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 292) Description. Forewings elongated, 2.3 times longer than wide, length: male 4.3–4.5 mm (mean = 4.4, n = 6), female about 4.1 mm. Colour of head, prothorax and abdomen stramineous (one paratype with small red marks on frons); meso- and metathorax orange-red; legs stramineous, but fore tibiae tinted with orange, and red marks at the joints of femora and tibiae. Forewings glassy; the very base infuscated; veins stramineous, at the very base orangered; base of Sc+R without dark spots. Hindwings colourless. In profile junction of vertex and face rounded; rostrum reaching post trochanters; subantennal processes connected to margins of facial carinae. Forewings with Sc+R fork just distad of middle of wing; basal median cell broad, twice as wide as basal cell between Sc+R and M; a small, trapezoid cell at base of Ms1; Cu1 connected by a crossvein to the very base of Ms1b, later both veins merge for a short section, but tips of Cu1 and Ms1b separated again. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles oval; proximal dorsal process short and slender; distal dorsal process long. Apex of aedeagus with two flat, contiguous lobes, the right one slightly narrower and finely serrated at the end. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (perlucidus, -a, -um = transparent). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.4 mm), EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH; labels: 1) NORTH BORNEO (SE)/ Forest Camp, 19 km / N. of Kalabakan / 60 m, 27.X.1962 2) K.J. Kuncheria / Collector / BISHOP (BPBM). Paratypes. EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH: Tawau, Quoin Hill, Cocoa Res., 3–7.VII.1962, 25.IX.1962, 2 ♂, light trap, H. Holtmann, Y. Hirashima; same data as holotype, but 18.X.1962, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.3) (all BPBM); Sandakan, 4 ♂ (fw. 4x 4.5) 1 ♀ (fw. 4.1), Baker (one each in USNM and BMNH). Distribution. North Borneo. Diagnosis. Saccharodite perlucida is closely related to Sa. propinqua sp. nov., also from Borneo, but has stramineous hind femora and lacks a conspicuous orange mark on the frons. The forewing shape and venation is close to that of the genus Muiralevu. The assignment to Saccharodite is based on the forewings being glassy with the Sc+R fork located near its middle and on the red coloration., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 144

Muiralevu maestus Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 193) Description. Forewings 2.2 times longer than wide, length in male about 4.7 mm. Colour of head and mesonotum light orange-brown; legs light brown; rest of body stramineous. Forewings uniformly and lightly infuscated; small, lighter, but not very distinct, areas at base, at apex of clavus, in second costal cell, and along apical margin; veins brown. Hindwings including veins faintly infuscated. Rostrum slightly surpassing post trochanter. Forewings with Sc+R fork before middle of wing; bases of Cu1 and Ms1 connected by a short cross-vein, Ms1 branched just after apex of basal median cell; base of Ms1a angulated and connected to M by a cross-vein; hindwings with apex of R branched. Pygofer with short and pointed lateral projections; genital styles slightly truncated at the end; aedeagus with apical part long, curved ventrad; tip pointed, consisting of two contiguous flat lobes. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (maestus, -a, -um = sad). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.7 mm), WEST MALAYSIA; labels: 1) MALAYA: Pahang / Cameron Highlands / Mt. Brinchang / 1–9.I.1959 2) 1900–2000 m. 3) L.W. Quate / Collector (BPBM). Distribution. West Malaysia. Diagnosis. Muiralevu maestus is characterized by the uniformly and lightly infuscated forewings having several small paler areas. The male genitalia are similar to those of M. dimidius sp. nov. and M. reticulatus sp. nov., both also from West Malaysia., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 64

Alara schmidti Zelazny, sp. nov. (Figs. 16, 145) Description. Length of forewings: male 2.4���2.9 mm (mean = 2.7, n= 18), female 2.5���3.2 mm (mean = 2.9, n= 9). Colour red. A few male paratypes faintly red or more reddish brown. Females stramineous, but in most specimens vertex, frons, parts of the thoracic pleura and forewing base reddish, abdomen bright red in all specimens, but genitalia stramineous. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles broad, rounded; proximal dorsal process short and slender, base of distal dorsal process broad, nearly touching proximal process. Stem of aedeagus wide; the left dorsal margin slightly produced just before apical part; apical part flat with a narrow, dorsal, longitudinal impression, ending in two short, broad, pointed tips, the right one shorter than the left. Etymology. The species is named for Edmund Schmidt who made important contributions to the knowledge of the Auchenorrhyncha and ' schmidti ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 2.9 mm, body 1.5 mm), INDONESIA: PAPUA; labels: 1) NEW GUINEA (Neth.):/ Ifar (E. end Cyclops / Mts.) 150m., X-18-'57 2) J.L. Gressitt / Collector (BPBM). Paratypes. INDONESIA: PAPUA: Sentai, 90+m., 15+ 22. VI.1959, 16 ♂ (fw. 2.4, 2x2.5, 2x2.6, 3x2.7) 7 ♀ (fw. 2.5, 2.7, 2.9, 3.0), T. C. Maa; Hollandia area, W. Sentai, Cyclops Mts., 150���250m, 19, 22���25. VI.1959, 1 ♂ (fw. 2.9) 1 ♀, J.L. Gressitt, ginger; Ifar, 300���600m, 20+ 22. VI.1959, 1 ♂ (fw. 2.7) 1 ♀ (fw. 3.1), Gressitt, ginger; INDONESIA: WEST PAPUA: Vogelkop: Ransiki, 10 m, 7.VIII.1957, 1 ♂ (fw. 2.6), D. Elmo Hardy; Bomberai, 700���900m, 5���8. VI.1959, 1 ♂ (fw. 2.7) 3 ♀ (fw. 2.6, 3.2), Gressitt, ginger and alpinia; Fak Fak, S. Coast of Bomberai, 100���700m, 5. VI.1959, 1 ♂, Maa; PAPUA NEW GUINEA: NE: Bubia, Markham V., 50m, 17.IX.1955, 1 ♂ (fw. 2.8), Gressitt; Dreikikir, Sepik Distr., 350m, 23. VI.1961, 1 ♂ (2.7), J.L. + M. Gressitt; Lae, IX.1949, 6.VI.1957, 2 ♂ (fw. 2.6), N.L.N. Krauss, D. Elmo Hardy (all BPBM); Papua, Kokoda, 1200ft (400m), V.+ VI.1933, 4 ♂ (fw. 2.6, 2.8) 2 ♀ (fw. 2.8, 2.9), L.E. Cheesman (BMNH). Distribution. Island of New Guinea. Diagnosis. Alara schmidti is indistinguishable externally from A. armifera sp. nov., also from New Guinea. The males can be recognized by the apical part of the aedeagus ending in two short, broad and pointed processes., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 28-29

Rhotana suttoni Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 252) Description. Forewings 1.8 times longer than wide, length about 4.7 mm. Colour stramineous; apex of clypeus and parts of the legs light orange-brown. Forewings glassy, lightly infuscated in apical third and along most veins. Veins orange-red but claval and basal sections of cubital veins stramineous. Hindwings lightly infuscated with most veins orange. Facial carinae contiguous up to lower margin of eyes; subantennal processes well -, lateral carinae of pronotum poorly developed. Forewings with apical section of Sc strongly sinuate; a small triangle at base of Ms1; Ms1 branched at basal third, Ms1b connected to middle part of Cu1 by a short crossvein. Pygofer of male genitalia with a pair of prominent, pointed lateral projections. Genital styles with a short proximal and an elongated distal dorsal process, a small hump between both. Aedeagus short with two needle-like terminal processes. Etymology. The species is named for the collector and ' suttoni ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.7 mm), BRUNEI; labels: 1) Brunei, Labi / Bukit Teraja / 30km S.E. of Seria / 21–28.iii.1979 2) Primary mixed/dipterocarp/forest, alt. 60m. 3) light trap 2/ 50m. above ground/ L. Sutton / B.M. 1985-50 (BMNH). Distribution. Borneo (Brunei). Diagnosis. Rhotana suttoni resembles closely R. venosa Distant which also occurs in Borneo. Externally it can be separated from most specimens of R. venosa by its mesonotum, rostrum, legs and forewing veins lacking the brown coloration and by the forewings having more orange-red veins. However, a few specimens of R. venosa approach R. suttoni in coloration. Males of both species can be readily distinguished by the structure of the aedeagus., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 104

Saccharodite chinensis Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 288) Description. Forewings elongated, 2.3 times longer than wide, length in male about 3.8 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown, mesonotum slightly darker; a red mark at tip of scutellum. Forewings very faintly infuscated from apex of Cu to base of Ms1, around base of Ms2, and along apical crossveins; a small dark mark at base of first subcostal sector; veins stramineous, but anterior apical crossveins dark brown; 3 dark spots on base of Sc+R. Hindwings colourless. In profile junction of vertex and face very slightly angulated; rostrum reaching post trochanters; subantennal process connected to margins of facial carinae. Forewings with Sc+R fork well before middle of wing; basal median cell broad, more than twice as wide as basal cell between Sc+R and M; apices of Cu1 and Ms1b separated; a triangle at base of Ms1. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles elongated; proximal dorsal process short and slender; distal dorsal process long. Aedeagus ending in two flat, pointed processes, their dorsal margins finely serrated. Etymology. Derived from China, the latinized species name (chinensis, -ensis, -ense) is an adjective. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.8 mm), CHINA; labels: 1) FUKIEN, S. China / Shaowu: Tachulan/ 1000 m. T. Maa 2) 13–17.VIII.1945 (BPBM). Distribution. South China. Diagnosis. Saccharodite chinensis resembles Sa. matsumurae (Muir) from Taiwan and Sa. indochinensis sp. nov. from Laos. It can be separated from both by the red mark at the tip of the scutellum. Further, in contrast to Sa. indochinensis the male aedeagus ends in two pointed processes, and unlike Sa. matsumurae the head and thorax are stramineous., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 142

Saccharodite eburnea Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 303) Description. Forewing length: male 2.9–3.2 mm (mean = 3.0, n = 8), female: 3.1–3.2 mm (mean = 3.2, n = 3). Body stramineous except for an orange-red mark in front and above the eyes, as well as a red mark on the mesonotum. Male genital styles oval; proximal dorsal process broad; distal dorsal process long. Apical portion of aedeagus divided by a deep, longitudinal, dorsal groove; left side with a prominent, pointed process directed dorsad; right side with 2 pointed processes directed forward, the ventral one longer and with a curved tip; an additional flat process on the outer right side directed caudad. Note. Very similar to Saccharodite plurima sp. nov. The above description has been shortened, due to this similarity. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (eburneus, -a, -um = ivory-like). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 2.9 mm), EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH; labels: 1) NORTH BORNEO (SE)/ Tawau, Quoin Hill / Cocoa Res. Sta./ 225m, 11.IX.1962 2) K.J. Kuncheria / Collector / BISHOP (BPBM). Paratypes. EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH: Forest Camp, 19 km N. of Kalabakan, 60 m, 19, 27, 30.X.1962, 4 ♂ (fw. 2.9, 3.0, 3.1), K.J. Kuncheria, Y. Hirashima; same locality as holotype, 6.IX.1962, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.0), Malaise trap, Hirashima; Tawau, Quoin Hill, 26–29. VII.1962, 1 ♀ (fw. 3.1); Ranau, 2.X.1958, 1 ♀ (fw. 3.2), T. C. Maa (all BPBM); Sandakan, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.1), Baker (USNM); SARAWAK: Tebang, 5.IX.1958, 1 ♀ (fw. 3.2), at light, Maa (BPBM); BRUNEI, Labi / Bukit Teraja / 30km S.E. of Seria / 21–28.iii.1979, primary mixed/dipterocarp/forest, alt. 60m, light trap 2/ 50m. above ground/ L. Sutton /B.M. 1985-50, 2 ♂ (fw. 2x 3.1) (BMNH). Distribution. North Borneo. Diagnosis. Saccharodite eburnea is closely related to Sa. terebra Zelazny which is also found in Borneo. It can be separated by the stramineous frons and legs, and by the terminal, pointed process on the male aedeagus, which is longer and curved at the tip., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 152

Rhotana holtmanni Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 204) Description. Forewings 1.8 times longer than wide, length 4.8–5.8 mm. Colour stramineous to faintly orangebrown; mesonotum orange-brown, but lateral carinae and scutellum pale; abdomen light brown to light orangebrown. Forewings not powdered, faintly yellowish-brown, interrupted by clear areas; a diffuse, infuscated mark just before apex of Cu1 which varies in size and intensity of infuscation; a red or reddish-brown mark around last subcostal sector; veins stramineous but parts of Sc, R, and M red or tinted with orange-brown. Hindwings with a large, dark-brown, kidney-shaped mark bearing a white dot, and a smaller rounded mark next to it; both marks sometimes merged; faint infuscations in centre of hindwings and in front of larger mark. Facial carinae contiguous up to lower level of eyes; rostrum not quite reaching hind coxae; subantennal processes well -, lateral carinae of pronotum poorly developed. Forewings with costal margin slightly -, apical part of Sc strongly sinuate; Sc+R fork at end of basal third of wing; Ms1 branched at end of basal third, Ms1b connected to apical part of Cu1 by a crossvein; a triangle at base of Ms1. Male genitalia with pygofer bearing large, pointed, lateral projections; anal segment with a pair of lateral, finger-like processes bearing bristles. Aedeagus ending in two pointed processes, the dorsal one slightly turned to the left, the ventral one curved downwards and to the right. Etymology. The species is named for the collector and ' holtmanni ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.8 mm, body 2.9 mm), EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO; labels: 1) BRITISH N. BORNEO / Tawau, Quoin Hill / 8–7. VII.1962 2) H. Holtmann / Light trap / BISHOP (BPBM). Paratype. same location as holotype, but Cocoa Res. Sta., 6.IX.1962, Y. Hirashima, Malaise trap; Mt. Kinabalu, Tenompok, 1 ♂ (fw. 5.8), XI-2-'58, fannula of bamboo hut, T. C. Maa (all BPBM). Distribution. North Borneo. Diagnosis. Rhotana holtmanni shows similarities to R. trimaculata Distant from Sri Lanka. It can be distinguished from that species by the dark mark on the forewings at the tip of Cu1 and by the shape and position of the hindwing marks., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 74-75

Rhotana gressittorum Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 228) Description. Forewings 2.0 times longer than wide, length: male 4.6–5.0 mm (mean = 4.8, n= 5), female about 5.3 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown. Forewings glassy, faintly yellowish near margins, middle hyaline; the basal sections of Cu1, M, Ms1a, Ms1b, Ms2, and Ms3 lined with narrow bands of infuscation; seven brown-black round marks near hind margin, six of them arranged in pairs; veins stramineous to brown. Hindwings colourless. Facial carinae contiguous at their bases; rostrum slightly surpassing hind coxae; subantennal processes and lateral carinae of pronotum well developed. Forewings with apical section of Sc nearly straight; Sc+R fork before middle of wings; Ms1 branched at its basal quarter, Ms1b angulated at junction with apical cross-vein with Cu1; a small trapezoid cell at base of Ms1. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles widening towards the end. Aedeagus with stem elongated, slightly widening before apical part; apical part flat, on the right side an elongated lobe, not reaching the tip. Etymology. The species is named for J. Linsey Gressitt and his wife Margaret, who made outstanding contributions to the knowledge of the Pacific insect fauna and collected this and many other species described here. The name ' gressittorum ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case plural. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.8 mm), AUSTRALIA; labels: 1) AUSTRALIA: SE Qld. / Mt. Glorious / Rain Forest / 13–16.II.1961 2) L. & M. Gressitt / Collectors / BISHOP Mus. 3) Malaise Trap (BPBM). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: same date as holotype, 2 ♂ (fw. 2x4.6) 2 ♀ (fw. 2x5.3) (BPBM); NSW, Barren Ground N. R., near Kiama, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.8), 8.II.1981, B.J. Loudon; NSW, Kanagara Walls, Jenolau area, SW of Sydney, 1 ♂ (fw. 5.0), 27.VIII.1962, B. Gray (all ASCU). Distribution. Australia (Queensland and New South Wales). Diagnosis. Rhotana gressittorum is characterized by the forewings having narrow bands of infuscation accompanying parts of the median veins and Cu1, and by the forewing marks not separated by red veins or a red band., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 90

Rhotana luteola Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 211) Description. Forewings broad, 1.7 times longer than wide, length about 4.1 mm. Colour stramineous, tip of clypeus and fore legs tinted with red. Forewings not powdered; faintly yellow-brown, interrupted by colourless areas; short infuscated bands across middle and apex of Cu, as well as across first and second subcostal sectors; fainter, poorly defined marks lining apical parts of Cu1 and Ms1b; veins stramineous, costal and apical margins tinted with orange. Hindwings colourless. Carinae of vertex and face separated; rostrum long, labium surpasses hind coxae by about one half of its length; subantennal processes and lateral carinae of pronotum well developed. Forewings with apical part of Sc slightly sinuate; Sc+R fork at middle of wing; Ms1 branches near apex of basal median cell; a large triangle at base of Ms1; Ms1b connected to apical part of Cu1 by a short cross-vein; at junction with this cross-vein Cu1 deflected by nearly 90°, and apical part of Cu1 nearly perpendicular to longitudinal axis of wing. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow; anal segment without ventral processes. Genital styles slightly widening towards end; proximal dorsal process large and wide, distal dorsal process elongated, no process attached to the inner ventral margin. Aedeagus with stem slender, slightly widening before apical part; apical part elongated, ending in a short rounded process, curved to the right; two additional short, rounded processes on the dorsal side near the end. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (luteolus, -a, -um = yellowish). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.1 mm), PAPUA NEW GUINEA: NEW IRELAND; labels: 1) NEW IRELAND (SW)/ "Camp Bishop"/ 12 km up Kait R./ 240m, VII-7-1956 2) E.J. Ford, Jr./ Collector (BPBM). Distribution. New Ireland. Diagnosis. Rhotana luteola resembles R. sectator sp. nov. from Papua. It can be distinguished by the deflected apical part of Cu 1 in the forewings, by the male genital styles lacking a needle-shaped process on its inner, ventral side, and by the terminal curved process of the male aedeagus., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 79-80

Sumangala distanti Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 344) Description. Forewings 2.3 times longer than wide, length about 2.8 mm. Colour stramineous; margins of facial carinae orange; tibiae and tarsi tinted with orange. Forewings white, powdered; clouds of faint infuscation in clavus near hind margin, around first costal sector, from apex of Cu to base of Ms2, and along apical cross-veins; veins white to stramineous, but middle part of M, basal parts of Ms3 and Ms4, and all margins orange. Hindwings including veins white. Forewings with Sc+R fork just distad of basal third. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles widening towards end which is truncated. Aedeagus ending in two elongated, contiguous lobes. Etymology. The species is named for William Lucas Distant (1845-1922) who made important contributions to the knowledge of the Auchenorrhyncha and ' distanti ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 2.8 mm), EAST MALAYSIA; labels: 1) NORTH BORNEO (SE)/ Forest Camp, 19 km / N. of Kalabakan / 60m, 21.XI.1962 2) K.J. Kuncheria / Collector / Bishop (BPBM). Distribution. Borneo (Sabah). Diagnosis. Sumangala distanti comes closest to Su. nubila sp. nov., also from Borneo, and to Su. delicatula Distant from Sri Lanka. It can be distinguished from these by the absence of red marks on the head and by most forewing veins being white to stramineous., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 185

Muiralevu coniunctus Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 192) Description. Forewings 2.4 times longer than wide, length in male about 4.5 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown; a conspicuous red mark in front of eyes. Forewings not powdered; a group of prominent, partly merging dark marks around apical parts of Cu1 and Ms1b; clavus, central third, and tip of wing light yellowish brown; two infuscated bands across base; additional infuscations around first subcostal sector and along anterior apical crossveins. Hindwings faintly infuscated in apical half. Rostrum reaching hind-coxae. Forewings with Sc+R fork before middle of wing; bases of Cu1 and Ms1 connected by a cross-vein; Ms1 branched at apex of basal median cell, base of Ms1a angulated, connected to M by a cross-vein. Hindwings with tip of R branched. Male pygofer narrow. Apex of aedeagus spatulate and curved; apical margin slightly emarginated. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (coniunctus, -a, -um = joined together). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.5 mm), EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO; labels: 1) BRITISH N. BORNEO / W. Coast Residen-/ cy, Ranau, 8 mi. N./ Paring Hot Springs / 500 m. x-9–18-'59 2) T. C. Maa / Collector / BISHOP (BPBM). Distribution. North Borneo. Diagnosis. Muiralevu coniunctus shows some similarities to M. quadramaculatus (Muir) from Taiwan, but can be easily separated by the partly fused and larger forewing marks., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 63-64

Genus Rhotanella Fennah Rhotanella Fennah, 1970: 67–68. Type species: Rhotanella thyrsis Fennah, 1970, by original designation. Diagnosis. Rhotanella Fennah is related to Rhotana Walker, Dichotropis Muir, and Levu Kirkaldy. The genus can be easily recognized by the combination of the following characters: 1. Forewings with 5 broad costal cells. 2. Basal costal cell of forewings as wide or wider as ¼ of width of whole wing. 3. 2nd and 3rd subcostal sector of forewing directed forward. 4. 4th costal cell of forewing triangular. 5. Sc+R fork of forewing at or slightly distad of the middle of the wing. 6. Forewings often with many veins lined with white spots. 7. Head in profile angulated, either with a triangular or in a rectangular outline. 8. Rostrum short, not or just reaching hind coxae. Live specimens (2 species seen) have been observed to carry their wings in a tectiform position. Gender. Fennah did not state the gender of Rhotanella. The name was obviously derived from Rhotana and should be considered to be feminine, following article 30.2.4 of the Code. Distribution. The species of Rhotanella occur from New Guinea, over most parts of Indonesia (but not Borneo), to the Philippines, and to southern China. The distribution of the genus is shown in Figure 121 and Table 7). Species groups. The species of Rhotanella can be divided into 2 species groups according to the following key., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 112-113, {"references":["Fennah, R. G. (1970) Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from Rennell and Bellona islands. The Natural History of Rennell Island, British Solomon Islands, 6 (64), 43 - 85."]}

Rhotana papuensis Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 231) Description. Forewings 1.9 times longer than wide, length about 5.2 mm. Colour stramineous; margins of facial carinae and mesonotum light brown; a central longitudinal band on clypeus, sides of clypeus, and a faint mark in front of eyes orange-red; labium dark red; fore femora reddish, hind legs stramineous (middle legs missing in the only specimen available). Forewings glassy, but portions along Ms1 and Ms2 covered with white powder; infuscated, except for the following areas: the very base of forewings, a band from middle of first subcostal cell to middle of claval vein, triangular areas just before and just after anterior apical cross-veins, around apices of Cu1, Ms1a and Ms1b, and several small elongated marks in middle of forewings; an elongated, almost black area around the apical cross-veins between Cu, Cu1, Ms1a, Ms1b, and Ms2, veins in this mark narrowly lined with bright red colour; last subcostal sector surrounded by a small red mark; veins red, but most claval veins, apices of Sc+R, Cu1, Ms1a, Ms1b, Ms2 and 3rd subcostal sector colourless. Hindwings with faint infuscation near apical margin, part of hind margin, and around cross-veins between Sc, R, and M; most veins red. Facial carinae contiguous at their bases only; rostrum slightly surpassing hind coxae; subantennal processes and lateral carinae of pronotum well developed. Forewings with costal margin and Sc nearly straight; Sc+R fork near middle of forewings; Ms1 branched at apex of basal median cell, both branches nearly parallel; apical section of Ms1b connected to Cu1 by a cross-vein; a large triangle at base of Ms1. Pygofer of male genitalia with prominent, pointed, lateral projections. Apical part of aedeagus large, ending in two prominent pointed processes, the dorsal one curved to the right, the ventral one hook-like, directed ventrad. Etymology. Derived from Papua, the latinized species name (papuensis, -ensis, -ense) is an adjective. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 5.2 mm), PAPUA NEW GUINEA; labels: 1) NEW GUINEA: PAPUA / Kokoda - Pitoki / 400m. III-23-1956 2) J.L. Gressitt / Collector (BPBM). Distribution. New Guinea (Papua). Diagnosis. Rhotana papuensis shows some similarities to R. pellax Fennah from Samoa and R. marmorata Zelazny from Indonesia and the Philippines. It can be distinguished from both by the absence of white dots on the forewings near the hind margin, by the prominent lateral projections of the male pygofer, and by the shape of the male aedeagus.

Dichotropis maai Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 149) Description. Forewing length about 4.3 mm. Colour stramineous, head and pronotum except labium dark orange; forewings colourless. Facial carinae clearly separated. Male anal segment with lateral finger-like processes. Genital styles narrow, oval, apex rounded; proximal dorsal process large, its tip curved inwards, and rounded in side view; distal dorsal process with a long, nearly rectangular base, close to proximal dorsal process, apical part slender; at the inside near the base a finger-like process bearing bristles at the tip. Apical portion of aedeagus in dorsal view broad, its end truncate; the left margin blade-like; right side shorter. Etymology. The species is named for T.C. Maa who collected this species and ' maai ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.3 mm), INDONESIA: PAPUA, labels: 1) NEW GUINEA: NETH./ Bodem, 100 m, 11 km / SE of Oerberfaren / July 7–17, 1959 2) T. C. Maa / Collector / BISHOP (BPBM). Distribution. New Guinea. Diagnosis. Dichotropis maai shows similarities to D. peregrina sp. nov., also found in New Guinea. It can be distinguished by the orange head and pronotum, and by the male genital styles being oval in shape with the bases of the dorsal processes close together.

Dichotropis flexuosa Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 148) Description. Forewings 1.9 times longer than wide, length about 4.4 mm. Colour stramineous; margins of facial carinae and centre of pronotum orange-brown. Forewings white, powdered; an elongated, dark brown mark between apices of Cu and Ms1b; two additional smaller marks at the forks R-Rs1 and M-Ms4; apical cross-veins accompanied by faint infuscation; veins colourless except for the faintly infuscated anterior apical cross-veins. Facial carinae clearly separated; subantennal processes large, lateral carinae of pronotum foliaceous. Forewings with Sc+R fork just before its middle. Male anal segment with prominent lateral processes. Genital styles slightly narrowing towards end which is truncated; proximal dorsal process broad, its pointed tip curved inwards, appearing rounded in side view; base of distal dorsal process nearly rectangular, apical part slender; at the inside near the base a finger-like process bearing bristles at the tip. Apical part of aedeagus broad, nearly rectangular in dorsal view; a prominent, curved process on the right, dorsal side; left side covered with minute teeth. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (flexuosus, -a, -um = curved). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.4 mm), PAPUA NEW GUINEA, labels: 1) NEW GUINEA (NE)/ Bubia, Markham / V. 50m / Sept. 19, 1955 2) J.L. Gressitt / Collector (BPBM). Distribution. New Guinea. Diagnosis. Dichotropis flexuosa is characterized by the two small dark marks near the apex of the forewings, and by the curved process on the apical part of the male aedeagus., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 33

Saccharodite palauensis (Fennah, 1956) new combination Levu matsumurae palauensis Fennah, 1956a: 176 (Fig. 277a) Redescription. Forewings length about 2.6 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown; clypeus, a mark above eyes, sides of pronotum, and hind parts of mesonotum (but not scutellum) orange-brown. Forewings glassy; faintly infuscated from clavus tip to base of Ms1, around base of Ms2, and along apical cross-veins; veins stramineous, but faintly orange in infuscated areas; last subcostal sector red; 3 dark spots on base of Sc+R. Hindwings colourless. In profile junction of vertex and face very slightly angulated; subantennal processes well separated from margins of facial carinae; rostrum reaching hind coxae. Forewing shape and venation like in Sa. basipunctulata (Melichar). Etymology. Derived from the island of Palau, the latinized species name (palauensis, -ensis, -ense) is an adjective. Type material. Holotype ♂ MICRONESIA: PALAU ISLANDS; labels: 1) BABELTHUAP I./ Palau Islands / 12 Dec. 1947 2) wooded peak/ SW. of Ulimang 3) Pacific Sci. Board / Ent. Surv. of/ Micronesia / H.S. Dybas leg. 4) Levu / matsumurae/ palauensis/ Fenn. (USNM #62160). Other material examined. MICRONESIA: PALAU ISLANDS: Kokor, IV.1954, unknown sex, J.W. Beardsley (BPBM). Distribution. Palau Islands, Micronesia. Diagnosis. Saccharodite palauensis, like other species of Saccharodite from Micronesia, resembles Sa. basipunctulata (Melichar) which is also found in Palau. It can be recognized by its orange clypeus., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 134, {"references":["Fennah, R. G. (1956 a) Insect of Micronesia, Vol. 6 No. 3, Homoptera: Fulgoroidea. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A., 211 pp."]}

Dichotropis straatmani Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 153) Description. Forewings 1.9 times longer than wide, length 4.2–4.7 mm (mean for male = 4.4, n= 3). Colour stramineous, margins of facial carinae light brown; forewings colourless. Facial carinae clearly separated. Male anal segment with very short, pointed lateral processes. Genital styles elongated, apex rounded, on the dorsal apical corner roundly produced; proximal dorsal process slender, upright, distal dorsal process with a broad, nearly rectangular base, a slender neck, and a nearly triangular apical part; at the inside near its base a finger-like process bearing bristles at the tip. Aedeagus with apical portion elongated, at the tip on the left side extending into a narrow, straight lobe; at the apex left side blade-like; right side broader and shorter. Etymology. The species is named for R. Straatman who collected the holotype and ' straatmani ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.2 mm), PAPUA NEW GUINEA, labels: 1) NE NEW GUINEA/ May River / 6.VI.1963 2) R. Straatman / Collector / BISHOP. Paratypes. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Prov., coast, 14.XI.1979, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.3), J.H. Martin (BMNH); SOLOMON ISL., Malaita, Auki, 2–20 m, 3.X.1957, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.7), J.L. Gressitt, on sedge (BPBM). Distribution. New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Diagnosis. Dichotropis straatmani is indistinguishable externally from D. brevis sp. nov., D. nivea sp. nov., and D. peregrina sp. nov., all three also found in New Guinea. The males can be recognized by the very short lateral processes on the anal segment, by the genital styles being produced at the apical, dorsal corner and by the distal dorsal process of the genital styles having a broad and nearly rectangular base., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 35

Key to the species of the Rhotana ornata species group (males) 1. Apical part of male aedeagus without processes (Fig. 216m, p)............................... R. pacata sp. nov., p. 83 - Apical part of male aedeagus bearing two or more processes (e.g. Fig. 218m, p).................................... 2 2. Apical part of male aedeagus bearing numerous, branched processes (Fig. 217m, p)............. R. ramosa sp. nov., p. 83 - Apical part of male aedeagus with two processes, each containing small spines or teeth (e.g. 150m)................... 3 3. Apical processes of male aedeagus slender with small teeth on their inner sides................. R. ornata Zelazny, p. 83 - Apical processes of male aedeagus broad, each ending in 2 or 3 small teeth (e.g. Fig. 218m, p)........................ 4 4. Processes on apical part of male aedeagus short, just reaching aedeagus tip, each bearing three small terminal teeth (Fig. 218m, p)............................................................................. R. tridentata sp. nov., p. 84 - Male aedeagus ending in two long and flat processes, each with two short, pointed tips (Fig. 215m).... R. fera sp. nov., p. 82, Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 82

Muiralevu rufomarginatus Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 187) Description. Forewings 2.3 times longer than wide, length in male about 3.7 mm. Colour stramineous to light orange; brightly orange along margins of facial carinae, hind margin of pronotum, and on fore tibiae. Forewings lightly and uniformly infuscated; a small, dark conspicuous mark at M-Ms4 fork; veins light orange-brown, margins orange-red. Hindwings colourless with light orange-brown veins. Rostrum clearly surpassing post-trochanter. Forewings with Sc+R fork near base of first subcostal sector and well before middle of wing; Cu1 and Ms1 well separated, connected by a cross-vein; branching point of Ms1 well separated from apex of basal median cell; base of Ms1a angulated and connected to M by a cross-vein. Hindwings with apex of R not branched. Male pygofer with pointed lateral projections. Genital styles elongated and rounded; proximal dorsal process short, distal dorsal process elongated; a short hump between both. Apical part of male aedeagus flat and slightly turned ventrad; a dorsal lobe on the right side. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (rufomarginatus, -a, -um = with red margins). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.7 mm), NORTH BORNEO: BRUNEI; labels: 1) Brunei, Labi / Bukit Teraja / 30km S.E. of Seria / 21–28.iii.1979 2) Primary mixed/dipterocarp/forest, alt. 60m. 3) light trap 2/ 50m. above ground/ L. Sutton /B.M. 1985-50 (BMNH). Distribution. North Borneo. Diagnosis. Muiralevu rufomarginatus resembles M. telum sp. nov. from West Malaysia, but can be separated by its orange coloration of the facial carinae and fore tibiae, its smaller size, and the less developed lateral projections of the male pygofer., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 60-61

Rhotana melichari Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 212) Description. Forewings broad, 1.6 times longer than wide, length about 4.8 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown; fore legs and middle tibiae faintly tinted with orange. Forewings lightly infuscated, not powdered; darker areas of infuscation around first and second subcostal sector, around apex of basal median cell, and around middle of Cu1 and Ms1b; the latter marks extending into two darker stripes lining the apical cross-vein between Cu and Cu1; veins stramineous in basal half, orange in apical half. Hindwings colourless. Carinae of vertex and face separated; rostrum long, labium surpassing hind coxae by about one third of its length; subantennal processes and lateral carinae of pronotum well developed. Forewings with apical part of Sc nearly straight; Sc+R fork slightly distad of middle of wing; Ms1 branched close to apex of basal median cell, a triangle at base of Ms1, Ms1b touches apical part of Cu1, at this point Cu1 deflected and the remaining section nearly perpendicular to longitudinal axis of wing. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow; anal segment with two short ventral processes near apex in holotype, but not in male paratype. Genital styles widening towards end; proximal dorsal process large and wide, distal dorsal process of similar length but slender; a fine, needle-shaped process on the inner side near the ventral margin. Apical part of aedeagus ending in three lobes, a ventral lobe (pointed in holotype, but more rounded in male paratype), and two dorsal, rounded lobes. Etymology. The species is named for Leopold Melichar (1856-1924), who made important contributions to the knowledge of the Auchenorrhyncha, and ' melichari ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.8 mm), INDONESIA: WEST PAPUA; labels: 1) WEST NEW GUINEA / VOGELKOP: Kebar Val. / W of Manokwari, 550m / 4–31.I.1962 2) L.W. Quate / Collector (BPBM). Paratypes. 1 ♀ (fw. 4.8), same data as holotype; PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Papua, Bisianumu, E of Port Moresby, 3.IX.1959, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.8), T. C. Maa (all BPBM). Distribution. Island of New Guinea. Diagnosis. Rhotana melichari resembles R. sectator sp. nov. and R. luteola sp. nov., also from New Guinea. It can be distinguished from both by the forewings having dark bands along the veins between apex of Cu and middle of Ms1a. It further differs from R. sectator by the deflected apical section of Cu 1 in the forewings, and from R. luteola by the male genital styles having a needle-shaped process on the inner side near the ventral margin., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 80

Key to the species of the Muiralevu quadramaculatus species group (males) Adapted from Yang & Wu (1993). 1. Forewings up to 4.5 mm long, left apical lobe of male aedeagus larger than right one..... M. quadramaculatus (Muir), p. 62 - Forewings longer than 4.5 mm, right apical lobe of male aedeagus larger than left one...... M. exotivus (Yang & Wu), p. 62, Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 62, {"references":["Yang, C. T. & Wu, R. H. (1993) Derbidae of Taiwan (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea), Ching Chung Book Co Ltd., Taiwan, 230 pp."]}

Saccharodite media Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 330) Description. Forewings 2.0 times longer than wide, length: male about 2.5 mm, female about 2.9 mm. Colour stramineous; carinae in front of eyes, tip of clypeus, and mesonotum pale brown. Forewings slightly powdered; very faintly infuscated from clavus tip to base of Ms1, around base of Ms2 and Sc+R fork, as well as along apical crossveins; a spot of darker infuscation at M-Ms3 fork, here M dark brown; remaining veins stramineous, but short sections of Sc, R, M, and hind margin tinted with orange; 3 sections on costal margin red; a dark spot on base of Sc+R. Hindwings colourless. In profile junction of vertex and face slightly angulated; subantennal processes well separated from margins of facial carinae; rostrum surpassing post trochanter. Forewings with Sc+R fork slightly before middle of wing; basal median cell as wide as basal cell between Sc+R and M; Ms1 unbranched (or Ms1b completely fused with Cu1). Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles oval; proximal dorsal process short, slender; distal dorsal process long. Apical part of aedeagus short, with a dorsal impression, extending into a membranous terminal lobe. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (medius, -a, -um = in the middle). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 2.5 mm), INDONESIA: PAPUA; labels: 1) NEW GUINEA: NETH./ Waris, S. of/ Hollandia, 450–500m / VIII-1–7-1959 2) At Light 3) T. C. Maa / Collector / BISHOP (BPBM). Paratype. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: NE, May Riv., 100m, 8. VI.1963, 1 ♀ (fw. 2.9), R. Straatman (BPBM). Distribution. Island of New Guinea. Diagnosis. Saccharodite media resembles Sa. nanus sp. nov., also from New Guinea, in structure and coloration. However, it lacks a red mark on the abdominal tergites and the forewings have fainter infuscation and a dark spot near the M-Ms3 fork.

Alara cultellus Zelazny, sp. nov. (Figs. 10, 133) Description. Forewings 2.0 times longer than wide, length: male 2.7–3.7 mm (mean = 3.1, n= 6), female 2.8–4.1 mm (mean = 3.3, n= 23). Colour stramineous to light brown, antennae, and fore legs darker brown; occasionally (but not in holotype) a faint red mark above eyes; some males (but not holotype) with facial carinae, antennae, mesonotum, forewing base and forewing veins tinted with red; in males abdomen bright red, genitalia reddish brown (in one paratype abdomen stramineous); in females abdomen usually red to reddish brown, but sometimes stramineous, tinted with orange. Forewings strongly infuscated, heavily powdered; veins infuscated, tinted with red, turning red to orange-red near the costal and apical margins; margins red to orange. Hindwings infuscated; outer margins red; veins reddish brown. Antennae elongated; rostrum slightly surpassing tip of abdomen. Forewings with Sc+R fork in basal third; Ms1 branched distad of its middle. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles broad, slightly pointed at the end; proximal dorsal process short and slender, base of distal dorsal process broad, connected by a finely serrated ridge to the proximal process. Aedeagus short, stem slightly widening before apical part; apical part wedge-shaped in side view, dorsal side with a broad impression, the apical margin obliquely cut off, leaving a sharp, pointed tip on the left side. In one paratype from Maprik tip of aedeagus slightly rounded (Fig. 133t). Etymology. The species name is a Latin noun (cultellus = a small knife) used in apposition. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.7 mm, body 2.2 mm), INDONESIA: WEST PAPUA; labels: 1) NEW GUINEA: NETH./ VOGELKOP; Bomberai / 700–900m, VI-7-59 2) Palm 3) J.L. Gressitt / Collector (BPBM). Paratypes. Same location as holotype, 5–9. VI.1959, 6 ♂ (fw. 3x2.9, 3x3.6) 3 ♀ (fw. 3.1, 3.2, 4.1), J.L. Gressitt and T. C. Maa, ginger; INDONESIA: WEST PAPUA: Fak Fak, S. coast of Bomberai, 10–100m, 3 + 11. VI.1959, 3 ♀ (fw. 3.1, 3.6, 3.7), Gressitt, ginger; Kebar Val., W of Manokwari, 550m, 4–31.I.1962, 1 ♀ (fw. 3.9), S.+ L. Quate, light trap; INDONESIA: PAPUA: Bodem, 100m, 11 km SE of Oerberfaren, Sarmi District, 7–17. VII.1959, 6 ♂ (fw. 3.1) 6 ♀ (fw. 2.9, 3.0), Maa; Waris, S. of Hollandia, 450–500m, 1–17.VIII.1959, 1 ♀, Maa, sweeping; Ifar (E end of Cyclops Mts), 150m, 18.X.1957, 2 ♀ (fw. 3.1, 3.2), Gressitt; Nabire, S Geelvink Bay, 70 m, 7. VII.1962, 2 ♀ (fw. 2x3.3), Gressitt, alpinia; NW: Oransbari, NW of Geelvink Bay, + 3m, 12.II.1963, 1 ♀ (fw. 3.1), R. Straatman, swept in for. veg.; PAPUA NEW GUINEA; PAPUA: Brown R., 10m, nr. Port Moresby, 5.X.1958, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.0), Gressitt, alpinia; SE: Central distr., 3.2 to 6 km S. Vanapa R., Brown Road, 200m, 22–26. V.1965, 2 ♂ (fw. 2.9), Yian-Min Huang + W.A. Steffan; Mt. Bosavi, 900m, 11. V.1973, 1 ♀, Gressitt, alpinia; NE: Maprik, 160m, 15.X.1957, 2 ♂ (fw. 3.0, 3.5) 2 ♀ (fw. 2.9, 3.1), Gressitt; W. Highlands, Baiyer R., 1150m, 19.X.1958, 1 ♀ (fw. 3.2), Gressitt, alpinia; Wewak, 2–20m, 11.X.1957, 1 ♀ (fw. 3.1), Gressitt; Busu R., E of Lae, 100m, 14.IX.1955, 1 ♀, Gressitt; Dreikikir, Sepik Distr., 350m, 23. VI.1961, 2 ♀ (fw. 2.8), J.L. + M. Gressitt; Wau, Morobe Distr., 1200m, 7. VII.1961, 1 ♀ (fw. 3.8), J. Sedlacek, Malaise trap (all BPBM); Kokoda, 1200 ft (400m), V.1933, 1 ♂ (fw. 2.7), L.E. Cheesman (BMNH); NEW IRELAND (SW), Gibingil Pl'n, 2m, 16. VII.1956, 1 ♀ (fw. 3.3), Gressitt, alpinia (BPBM). Distribution. Islands of New Guinea and New Ireland. Diagnosis. Because of colour variation and colour differences between the sexes, Alara cultellus is difficult to separate externally from A. fulva Zelazny and A. castanea Zelazny from the Philippines, as well as from A. cheesmani sp. nov. also from New Guinea. The males can be easily recognized by the wedge-shaped apical part of the aedeagus and its obliquely cut off apical margin., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 21-22

Alara aquilonia Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 125) Description. Forewings 2.0 times longer than wide, length about 3.5 mm. Colour stramineous; two small dark grey marks in front and above the eyes; apical section of labium dark brown; fore femora greyish, fore and middle femora with a thin red stripe along apical half; all tibiae with a bright red ring around middle and with dark tips; abdomen stramineous, last two segments reddish brown, genitalia grey. Forewings white, powdered; very faintly infuscated around some of the cross-veins; costal margin tinted with orange. Rostrum reaching middle of abdomen; antennae small. Forewings with Sc+R fork in basal third; Ms1 branched distad of its middle, bases of Ms1 and Cu1 connected by a cross-vein. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles with dorsal processes well separated. Apical part of aedeagus simple, elongated. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (aquilonius, -a, -um = northern). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.5 mm, body 1.8 mm), LAOS; labels: 1) LAOS: Vientiane / Prov., Gi Sion/ Vill., de Tha Ngone / 5–19.XII.1965 2) Native Collector/ RONDON - BISHOP MUS./ COLLECTION/ Malaise Trap (BPBM). Distribution. Laos. Diagnosis. Alara aquilonia is similar to A. obscura (Muir) from Java, Borneo and Sri Lanka. However, the dorsal processes of the male genital styles are separated, and the male aedeagus is shorter and does not widen apically. It also differs in the coloration of the facial marks and the abdomen, but, with only one specimen available, it is not clear how consistent such colour differences are., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 17

Levu candidus Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 161) Description. Forewings 2.0 times longer than wide, length in male 4.2–4.7 mm (mean = 4.4., n= 7), in female about 4.7 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown; faintly orange in front of the eyes; fore tibiae faintly grey. Forewings white, heavily powdered. Rostrum surpassing hind-coxae; subantennal processes connected to margins of facial carinae. Forewings with Sc+R fork well before middle of wing; Ms1 branched just distad of apex of basal median cell; a triangle at base of Ms1. Male anal segment with short lateral processes. Genital styles elongated, slightly truncated at the end; proximal dorsal process short, distal dorsal process elongated. Aedeagus stem produced dorsally, just before apical portion; apical part elongated, tapering towards the end; on the right dorsal side, two small lobes. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (candidus, -a, -um = brightly white). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.4 mm), PAPUA NEW GUINEA; labels: 1) NEW GUINEA: NE / W. Highlands: Hagen / SE of Kornfarm / Oct. 15, 1958 2) Pipturus 3) J.L. Gressitt / Collector (BPBM). Paratypes. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: (NE): Karimi, South of Goroka, 1000 m, 6. VI.1961, 1 ♀ (fw. 4.7), J.L.+M. Gressitt; Tapibagor, upper Jimmi V., 1400m, 19. VII.1955, 2 ♂ (fw. 4.6, 4.7), J.L. Gressitt; East Highlands, Aiyura, 1800 m, 10.I.1964, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.5), R. Straatman; Kassam, 1350 m, 48 km, E. of Kainantu, 30.X.1959, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.3), T. C. Maa; Wau, 1300 m, 16. VI.1961, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.2), J.+M. Sedlacek; Auga Gorge, E. of Mendi, 14.X.1958, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.2), J.L. Gressitt (all BPBM). Distribution. New Guinea. Diagnosis. Levu candidus shows similarities to L. echinus sp. nov., also from New Guinea, but is larger and lacks the orange tinge on the fore and middle tibiae. The males can be further identified by the apical portion of the aedeagus having two small lobes which do not bear any fine, terminal spines., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 43

Key to the species of the Muiralevu dimidius species group (males) 1. Forewings with apical half infuscated, in basal half veins lined with infuscation (Fig. 184f)...... M. dimidius sp. nov., p. 59 - Infuscation of forewings uniform, interrupted or absent....................................................... 2 2. Forewings without infuscation, or with faint interrupted infuscation, along veins only............................... 3 - Forewings uniformly infuscated, but infuscation might be light................................................. 4 3. Forewings white, about 3 mm long..................................................... M. parvus sp. nov., p. 60 - Forewings with interrupted faint infuscation, almost 4 mm long............................. M. ignavus sp. nov., p. 60 4. Facial carinae and fore tibiae brightly orange..................................... M. rufomarginatus sp. nov., p. 60 - Colour stramineous to faintly brown....................................................................... 5 5. Forewings infuscated with a conspicuous dark mark around M-Ms4 fork (Fig. 189f); male pygofer with very long, pointed lateral projections, nearly reaching end of anal segment (Fig. 189h).............................. M. telum sp. nov., p. 61 - Forewings faintly yellowish-brown with a small mark around M-Ms4 fork (Fig. 188f); pointed lateral projections on male pygofer short (Fig. 188h)............................................................. M. silvestris sp. nov., p. 61, Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 59

Alara linigera Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 141) Description. Forewings 2.3 times longer than wide, length 3.1–3.7 mm. Colour white to stramineous; a red mark above eyes; tips of tibiae grey; abdomen stramineous. Forewings white, heavily powdered; a very faintly infuscated broad band across forewing just distad of middle; veins white to stramineous, costa orange. Hindwings white. Rostrum reaching end of abdomen; antennae elongated. Forewings with Sc+R fork in basal third; Ms1 branched well before its middle, bases of Ms1 and Cu1 connected by a cross-vein. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles broad, rounded, proximal dorsal process pointed, tip sclerotized, base of distal dorsal process swollen, but well separated from proximal process. Aedeagus short, a broad pointed, dorsal process near middle, its tip directed forward; apex short and rounded, slightly swollen with an irregular membranous lobe. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (liniger, -ra, -rum = wearing linen). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.1 mm, body 1.7 mm), PAPUA NEW GUINEA; labels: 1) NEW GUINEA (NE)/ Bubia, Markham / V. 50m. / Sept. 19, 1955 2) J.L. Gressitt / Collector (BPBM). Paratype. Tifamin, 1400m, 20.VIII.1963, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.7), R. Straatman (BPBM). Distribution. New Guinea (Papua). Diagnosis. Alara linigera is similar in structure and coloration to A. hyalina (Melichar) from the Philippines. It can be distinguished from that species by the tibia tips being lighter, the forewings lacking an orange or red mark around the first subcostal sector, and the male aedeagus having only one dorsal process near its middle, and only one apical lobe., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 26-27

Key to the species of the Rhotanella bipunctata species group (males) 1. Forewings with a dark rounded mark between the branches of Ms1 (Fig. 255f), an additional similar mark may be present between Ms1a and Ms2................................................................................ 2 - Forewings without dark marks between the sectors Ms1b, Ms1a and Ms2............. R. punctovenosa (Melichar), p. 114 2. Forewings with a dark mark adjacent to Sc, inside the 3rd costal cell............................................ 3 - Forewings without a dark mark inside the 3rd costal cell (Fig. 255f), but with dark marks between Ms1b and Ms1a, as well as between Ms1a and Ms2......................................................... R. bipunctata sp. nov., p. 114 3. Forewings with a triangular dark mark at base of 3rd costal cell, adjacent to 2nd costal sector; a series of black spots on costal margin of 3rd and 4th costal cell (in addition to the spots on the costal margin of the 1st costal cell); tip of male aedeagus pointed......................................................... R. novemmacula Wang, Chou & Yuan, p. 114 - Forewings with a rounded dark mark in 3rd costal cell, not adjacent to 2nd costal sector; a series of black spots only on costal margin of 1st costal cell; tip of aedeagus with two rounded lobes........................... R. lautereri Zelazny, p. 114, Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 113

Saccharodite hollowayi Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 263) Description. Forewings elongated, 2.2 times longer than wide, length in male about 4.3 mm. Colour stramineous; a small red mark above the eyes; margins of facial carinae in front of eyes faintly orange. Forewings glassy; lightly infuscated from clavus tip to base of Cu1, from tip of Cu to apex of first costal cell, around base of Ms2, and along apical crossveins; a dark mark around base of Ms3; veins stramineous, a few sections brownish; last subcostal sector and adjacent part of C red. Hindwings colourless. In profile junction of vertex and frons angulated; rostrum reaching hindcoxae; subantennal processes connected to margins of facial carinae. Forewings with Sc+R fork at middle of wing; basal median cell broad, about twice as wide as basal cell between Sc+R and M; a small triangle at base of Ms1. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles widening towards end; proximal dorsal process small and slender; distal dorsal process long. Aedeagus stem long; apical portion with two flat lobes, parallel to each other. Etymology. The species is named for the collector and ' hollowayi ' is a latinized noun used in the genitive case. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.3 mm), EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SARAWAK; labels: 1) SARAWAK/ Gunong Mulu / Nat. Park. Mulu 2) Camp 4, Mulu / 178 m. i.1978 / 1. montane for. 3) J.D. Holloway / RGS Mulu exped./ B.M. 1978-206 (BMNH). Paratype same data as holotype, 1 ♂ (fw. 4.2) (BMNH). Distribution. North Borneo. Diagnosis. Saccharodite hollowayi shows some similarities to Sa. mappa sp. nov., also from Borneo, but lacks the mottled dark forewing infuscation as well as the pointed tip at the apex of the male aedeagus found in that species., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 124

Alara rubicunda Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 144) Description. Forewings 2.1 times longer than wide, length: male 2.8–2.9 mm (mean = 2.8, n= 3), female about 3.0 mm. Colour uniformly bright red, but scutellum and middle of pro- and mesonotum brownish, labium and most parts of legs stramineous; fore tibiae faintly, hind femora brightly red. In females also antennae and genitalia stramineous. Forewings powdered, strongly infuscated; veins red, tinted with brown. Hindwing of same coloration. Antennae elongated; rostrum not quite reaching end of abdomen. Forewings with Sc+R fork in basal third; base of Ms1 touching Cu1; Ms1 branched once distad of its middle, however right forewing of holotype with abnormal venation (Fig. 144s) with Ms1 branched twice, once before and once after its middle (venation of left forewing normal, Fig. 144f). Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles broad, rounded; proximal dorsal process short and slender; distal dorsal process elongated its base broad, very close to and partly connected to proximal dorsal process. Aedeagus stem with a small, flat projection on the left side, just before apical part; apical part spatulate and curved to the left; on the right side, at junction between stem and apical portion, a small, slender process, curved and directed forward. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (rubicundus, -a, -um = bright red). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 2.9 mm, body 1.5 mm), INDONESIA: WEST PAPUA; labels: 1) NEW GUINEA: NETH./ VOGELKOP: Bomberai / 700–900m, VI-7-'59 2) GINGER 3) J.L. Gressitt / Collector (BPBM). Paratypes. Same data as holotype but 5. VI.1959 and off alpinia, 2 ♂ (fw. 2x2.8) 1 ♀ (fw. 3.0) (BPBM). Distribution. New Guinea (West Papua). Diagnosis. Alara rubicunda closely resembles A. armifera sp. nov. and A. schmidti sp. nov., both also from New Guinea, but the apical halves of the hind femora are red and the apical portion of the male aedeagus is long, rounded, curved to the left and bears a small, slender process at its base on the right side., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 28

Rhotana novahiberniensis Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 229) Description. Forewings 1.9 times longer than wide, length about 5.6 mm. Colour stramineous to light orangebrown; labium and fore tibiae and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Forewings with eight black marks, arranged in pairs near hind margin, some round, others elongated or nearly rectangular; the marks are separated by a broad red band and some white spots (covered with white powder); a red mark around last subcostal sector; veins stramineous, but second subcostal sector orange-red; short sections of Sc and R, and the apical cross-veins between Sc, R, and M faintly orange-red. Hindwings colourless. Facial carinae well separated, rostrum not surpassing hind coxae. Forewings with a triangle at base of Ms1. Male genitalia with apical part of aedeagus short, bearing two rounded, terminal lobes of equal length; the right lobe with a rounded extension at the base which partly overlaps the left lobe. Etymology. Derived from Nova Hibernia (New Ireland), the species name (novahiberniensis, -iensis, -iense) is an adjective. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 5.6 mm), PAPUA NEW GUINEA, NEW IRELAND; labels: 1) NEW IRELAND (SW)/ "Camp Bishop"/ 15 km. up Kait R./ 125 m. VII-8-1956 2) Light Trap / E.J. Ford, Jr. (BPBM). Distribution. New Ireland. Diagnosis. Rhotana novahiberniensis resembles R. pavo (Bierman) from Sumatra and Borneo, as well as R. globosa sp. nov. and R. panthera sp. nov., both from New Guinea. It can be distinguished from the first two by the broad red bands separating the marks on the forewings and from the latter by the separated facial carinae, the wing markings not being of uniform shape, and the reddish-brown colour of the proboscis and fore tibiae., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 91

Saccharodite tricuspis Zelazny, sp. nov. (Figs. 97, 313) Description. Forewings broad, 1.7 times longer than wide, length in male 2.8–3.3 mm (mean = 3.1, n = 15). Frons stramineous with 2 fine red lines. Posterior part of mesonotum, but not scutellum, with a bright red mark. Forewings glassy with very faint infuscations; a red mark around last subcostal sector; veins stramineous with orange to orange-red sections in anterior, apical part; some piceous spots on base of Sc+R. Forewings with basal median cell broad, about twice as wide as basal cell between Sc+R and M. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles elongated; proximal dorsal process broad, nearly quadratic in outline; distal dorsal process elongated. Apical portion of aedeagus short, bearing 3 short, slender and pointed processes: one on the caudal end directed dorsad, and 2 on the right side directed forward and dorsad. Note. Externally very similar to Saccharodite plurima sp. nov. The above description has been shortened, due to this similarity. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (tricuspis = with three points) which remains unchanged in all gender forms. Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.1 mm), EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH; labels: 1) NORTH BORNEO (SE)/ Forest Camp, 19 km / N. of Kalabakan / 30.X.1962 2) K.J. Kuncheria / Collector / BISHOP (BPBM). Paratypes. EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH: Tawau, Quoin Hill, 15–20. VII.1962, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.1), light trap, H. Holtmann; Tawau, Quoin Hill, Cocoa Res. Stn., 14.IX.1962, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.1), light trap, Y. Hirashima; same data as holotype, 10, 19, 26, 30.X.1962, 9 ♂ (fw. 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 2x 3.1, 3x 3.2) (all BPBM); Sandakan, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.2), Baker (USNM); R. Karamuak, 7 mi [11 km] SSE, Telupid, 200 ft [70 m], 1–7.IX.1977, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.3), M.E. Bacchus; BRUNEI: Labi / Bukit Teraja / 30km S.E. of Seria / 21–28.iii.1979, primary mixed/dipterocarp/ forest, alt. 60m, light trap 2/ 50m. above ground/ L. Sutton /B.M. 1985-50, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.0); Bukit Sulang, nr. Lamunin, 20.VIII–10.IX.1982, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.1), N.E. Stork, B.M.1982-388, fogging (all BMNH). Distribution. North Borneo. Diagnosis. Saccharodite tricuspis is unseparable externally from Sa. virgata Zelazny, Sa. viperina sp. nov., and Sa. terebra Zelazny, and is very similar to Sa. costa sp. nov. All four species are also found in Borneo. It can be recognized by the short apical portion of the male aedeagus, bearing 3 short, slender, and pointed processes., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 158-159

Saccharodite aculeata Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 286) Description. Forewings elongated, 2.2 times longer than wide, length in male 3.6–3.8 mm. Colour stramineous; margins of facial carinae light orange-brown; faint orange marks on base of clypeus and scutellum (in one paratype mesonotum faintly orange); joints between hind femora and tibiae orange; abdomen partly or completely orange (in holotype only anterior margin of pygofer orange). Forewings colourless; base of Sc+R without dark spots. Hindwings colourless. In profile junction of vertex and face rounded; rostrum reaching post trochanter; subantennal processes connected to margins of facial carinae. Forewings with Sc+R fork at middle of wing; basal median cell broad, more than twice as wide as basal cell between Sc+R and M; a small triangle at base of Ms1; tips of Cu1 and Ms1b separated. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles elongated; proximal dorsal process short; distal dorsal process long. Apical part of aedeagus with three slender and pointed processes, one at the tip, pointing forward, and two originating from the junction of apical part and stem and directed caudo-dorsad. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (aculeatus, -a, -um = spiny). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.8mm), EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH; labels: 1) BRITISH N. BORNEO / Tawau, Quoin Hill / 8–14.VII.1962 2) H. Holtmann / Light Trap / BISHOP (BPBM). Paratypes. EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH: Sandakan, 1 ♂ (fw. 3.6); same data as holotype, 15– 20. VII.1962, 1 ♂ (all BPBM). Distribution. North Borneo. Diagnosis. Saccharodite aculeata resembles Sa. ignea sp. nov., also from Borneo, in forewing venation and structure of the male aedeagus. It can be separate from that species by its stramineous to faintly orange coloration., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 141

Alara interrupta Zelazny, sp. nov. (Fig. 138) Description. Forewings 2.1 times longer than wide, about 3.6 mm long. Colour of head stramineous but frons, clypeus and apical segment of labium dark brown, thorax and fore- and middle coxae dark brown, rest of legs stramineous but apices of fore- and middle femora, apices of all tibiae and apex of middle tarsi tinted with red; abdomen dark red. Forewings fuscous, powdered, a triangular lighter area between hind margin and base of Ms2, apical eighth of forewing also lighter; veins brown to stramineous, costal margin orange. Hindwings light brown. Rostrum reaching end of abdomen; antennae elongated. Forewings with Sc+R fork in basal quarter; Ms1 branched well before its middle, bases of Ms1 and Cu1 connected by a cross-vein. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles widening towards end which is obliquely truncated, dorsal processes slender and separated. Apical part of aedeagus flat, with a dorsal impression, ending in two short lobes. Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (interruptus, -a, -um = interrupted). Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.6 mm, body 1.9 mm), LAOS; labels: 1) LAOS: Vientiane / Prov., Gi Sion/ Vill., de Tha Ngone / 19���26.XII 1965 2) Native/ Collector/ BISHOP (BPBM). Distribution. Laos Diagnosis. Alara interrupta shows similarities to A. armilla sp. nov. from New Guinea and A. dux Distant from Sri Lanka. It is characterized by the forewings having a white, triangular mark near the hind margin and by the shape of the male genitalia., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 25

Genus Levu Kirkaldy Levu Kirkaldy, 1906: 434. Type species: Levu vitiensis Kirkaldy, 1906, by monotypy. Diagnosis. In the genus Levu Kirkaldy the forewing venation is similar to that of the genera Rhotana Walker, Rhotanella Fennah, and Dichotropis Kirkaldy. The genus can be recognized by the combination of the following characters: 1. Smaller and with more narrow forewings compared to the species of Rhotana, Rhotanella and Dichotropis. 2. Facial carinae always meeting in front of the eyes. 3. Forewings powdered with 5 narrow costal cells (the powder may have been lost, however, in museum specimens). In live specimens (3 species observed) the wing surfaces form a common plane. 4. Forewing with M leaving Sc+R usually near the base of the basal median cell. 5. Elaborate colour patterns on the forewings (like in Rhotana and Rhotanella) missing. 6. Male pygofer never with prominent lateral projections. The largest species of Levu resemble the smallest species of Rhotana. However, the combination of the above other characters rarely leave doubt about the assignment of a species. Gender. We consider the gender of the genus name ' Levu ' to be masculine. Kirkaldy did not explain the origin of the name or stated its gender. The genus and the type species (Levu vitiensis) have been evidently named after the Fijian island of Viti Levu, the type locality. In Fijian the word 'levu' means 'big' (Viti Levu = big land) and therefore, the name is not of Latin or Greek origin. This means the gender of the genus name should be decided according to articles 30.2.3 and 30.2.4 of the Code. However, both articles appear to contradict each other in this particular case. Article 30.2.3 ("...the name takes the gender indicated...[by the]...adjectival species-group names...") means the gender could be masculine or feminine, but not neuter because the neuter form would be "vitiense". In contrast to this, the name should be neuter according to article 30.2.4 since it ends in "-u". The wording of the articles under section 30.2 of the Code indicates that the articles should be followed sequentially to decide on the gender. E.g. 30.2.3 ("If no gender was specified...") refers to cases where 30.2.2 (the gender is specified by the author) does not apply and 30.2.4 ("If no gender was specified or indicated...") refers to cases where neither article 30.2.2 nor 30.2.3 applies. We therefore, consider article 30.2.3 to have priority over 30.2.4 and we exclude the neuter option. This is also in the interest of taxonomic stability, because adopting the neuter option would mean that we have to change the type species to 'vitiense'. We are then left with the masculine and feminine options, where we reject the latter because it would apply only to names ending in "-a" as stated in 30.2.4. It is not clear why in the past Levu has been treated as feminine in most cases. On the other hand, Muir (Levu rufulus) and Zelazny (Levu elongatus) used masculine names. In no case was a neuter name used. Distribution. Unlike the other genera of Rhotanini, the genus is commonly found in the Pacific islands. The distribution of the genus is shown in Figure 121 and in Table 4. Grouping and keys. While some species of Levu are obviously closely related, grouping the species appears not to be possible for the large majority without the help of a molecular phylogenetic analysis. We describe only one species group composed of 7 species. After describing the remaining species we provide keys to the species of the Pacific islands and New Guinea., Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 36-37, {"references":["Kirkaldy, G. W. (1906) Leaf-hoppers and their natural enemies (Part IX. Leaf-Hoppers - Hemiptera). Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association, Division of Entomology, Bulletin, No. 1, 1 - 479."]}