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الأهداف: يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة مرويات مسلمة أهل الكتاب ممن عرفوا عبر التاريخ باسم الأبناويين، وتعود أصولهم إلى الفرس، ومنهم اليهود والنصارى، خرجوا إلى الغزو مع المسلمين الذين استنجدوا بملكهم، فأسلموا وحسن إسلامهم، واستوطنوا أرض اليمن في القرن السادس الميلادي وتزوجوا من نسائها، وأطلق على أولادهم "الأبناء أو "الأبناويون"؛ تحملوا الحديث ورووه عن رسول الله ﷺ، فبرز منهم: آل منبه، الإخوة الأربعة وذريتهم، الذين بذلوا جهودًا كبيرة في حفظ السنة النبوية الشريفة، وحرصوا على روايتها في سلسلة ضمت رواية الابن عن أخيه أو أبيه أو عن عمه عن جده. المنهجية: اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الاستقرائي من خلال استقراء وتتبع ونقل ما رواه الأبناويون من حديث، والمنهج التحليلي لإبراز دور الأبناويين في حفظ السنة النبوية؛ والمنهج الإحصائي بإحصاء الأحاديث التي رواها آل منبه: همام ووهب ومعقل وغيلان، وبعض أبنائهم ممن اشتهر بالرواية عنهم في الكتب الستة. النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى أن البعض من إخوة آل منبه من رجال الصحيحين، وأن بقية آل منبه معظمهم ثقات، وأنهم من رجال السنن والمسانيد، وأن أحاديث بعضهم خالية من الإسرائيليات، وأنهم قد رووا عن عدد من الصحابة والتابعين. الخلاصة: إن للأبناويين من مسلمة أهل الكتاب دور كبير في حفظ السنة النبوية، وعلى رأسهم آل منبه الذين اعتمد رواياتهم كبار المحدثين كالإمام البخاري والإمام مسلم والإمام أحمد، وأصحاب السنن، وأن منهم من عاصر الصحابة وأخذ عنهم، وإن التابعين منهم حدث عن كبار شيوخ الحديث، وإن عددا كبيرا من الأبناويين كانوا مصدر رواية بلدة بأكملها.

This study aimed to investigate and identify circulating Capripoxviruses in different regions of Morocco, using RT-PCR technique on various sample types. The results from the analysis of 980 samples lend considerable perceptions highlighting the diversity in outcomes across the tested samples. The analysis of Ct values revealed distinct patterns dependent on the nature of the sampled materials. Notably, scab samples exhibited lower Ct values indicating a higher concentration of viral load. Swab samples, in contrast, presented average Ct values signifying a moderate presence of viral DNA. Blood samples demonstrated Ct values within the range suggesting a lower viral load in the bloodstream. Furthermore, the study also revealed endemic Capripoxvirus outbreaks in Morocco, particularly in regions with a strong sheep breeding industry.

A simple and practical method was developed to extract histamine from fish products using sodium chloride (NaCl). After obtaining a saline extract from fish samples, histamine was derivatized by a condensation reaction with ortho-phthalaldehyde. Fluorescence intensity was measured by a fluorimeter. The first part of this work concerned a solid-liquid extraction tested with samples from the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme. The best histamine extraction yield (97%) was obtained using an extraction time of 4 minutes, a temperature of 40°C, and a NaCl/water ratio of 41% (w/w). The second part focused on a liquid-liquid extraction carried out on standard solutions of histamine (45, 90, and 180 mg/kg). The use of NaCl (41%), and trichloroacetic acid [(TCA) 10%] did not show any significant difference in extraction yield. The yield obtained was 99.15-100.1% for TCA (10%) and 98.65-99.45% for NaCl (41%). The validation criteria (repeatability and reproducibility) were checked by evaluating the reliability of the method. Extraction using NaCl has proven to be an interesting alternative method for the extraction of histamine from fish, as it is reliable, inexpensive, and less hazardous.

Salting is the preferred method used by manufacturers to preserve the quality of fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of size and fishing season on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of sardines. Two batches of sardines, caught, in winter and summer, were sorted according to size, salted, matured, and stored at 18°C. A control batch, consisting of sardines from the summer batch, was also prepared without subcutaneous fat. Various physicochemical and microbiological parameters were monitored during 12 weeks of maturation. The recorded values showed a decrease in pH, moisture content, and water activity (a measure of the water available for biological and chemical processes), while salt concentration increased. When comparing samples, the lowest values for histamine (94.3 and 48.3 mg/kg) and lipids (9.3 and 8.2%) were observed in the large and small sardines of the winter batch, respectively. In the summer batch, higher values were recorded for histamine (847.3 and 127.9 mg/kg) and lipids (14.5 and 8.6%) in the large and small sardines. Furthermore, the removal of fat in control of the summer batch resulted in lower histamine accumulation compared to the batch with fat. The microbiological parameters showed a decrease in the number of nonhalophile bacteria, while the number of halophile bacteria increased. This study showed a strong correlation between three important factors, fishing season, fish size, and histamine content, which can contribute to the successful salting of sardines and ensure the wholesomeness of the final product.

Abstract Background Adaptation to alkalinization of the medium in fungi involves an extensive remodeling of gene expression. Komagataella phaffii is an ascomycetous yeast that has become an organism widely used for heterologous protein expression. We explore here the transcriptional impact of moderate alkalinization in this yeast, in search of suitable novel promoters able to drive transcription in response to the pH signal. Results In spite of a minor effect on growth, shifting the cultures from pH 5.5 to 8.0 or 8.2 provokes significant changes in the mRNA levels of over 700 genes. Functional categories such as arginine and methionine biosynthesis, non-reductive iron uptake and phosphate metabolism are enriched in induced genes, whereas many genes encoding iron-sulfur proteins or members of the respirasome were repressed. We also show that alkalinization is accompanied by oxidative stress and we propose this circumstance as a common trigger of a subset of the observed changes. PHO89, encoding a Na+/Pi cotransporter, appears among the most potently induced genes by high pH. We demonstrate that this response is mainly based on two calcineurin-dependent response elements located in its promoter, thus indicating that alkalinization triggers a calcium-mediated signal in K. phaffii. Conclusions This work defines in K. phaffii a subset of genes and diverse cellular pathways that are altered in response to moderate alkalinization of the medium, thus setting the basis for developing novel pH-controlled systems for heterologous protein expression in this fungus.

We present a case of a patient with recurrent prostate cancer after treatment for favorable intermediate risk cancer. There was an exceptionally steep increase in PSA from

Let $k$ be a number field with a 2-class group isomorphic to the Klein four-group. The aim of this paper is to give a characterization of capitulation types using group properties. Furthermore, as applications, we determine the structure of the second 2-class groups of some special Dirichlet fields $\Bbbk=\Bbb{Q}\big(\sqrt d, \sqrt{-1}\big)$, which leads to a correction of some parts in the main results of A. Azizi and A. Zekhini (2020).

Due to their immobile nature and filter-feeding habits, which enable biological particles to accumulate in their tissues, mussels are recognized as vectors of foodborne diseases. Consuming these shellfish uncooked or partly processed might result in food poisoning because of accumulated bacteria originating from the culture environment and unhygienic handling. The present study aimed to assess the presence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli as well as to biochemically and serotypically confirm Salmonella spp. in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) taken from two locations in Morocco: Zenata and Mansouria. A total of 90 mussel samples were collected from October 2022 to August 2023. Two methods were employed in this study: AFNOR NF EN ISO 6579-1 (2017) for the detection of Salmonella spp., and the most probable number method (MPN) using Norm ISO/TS 16649-3 (2017) for E. coli. The number of E. coli varied between 0.2/100 g and 1.7 x 103/100 g of mussels. The percentage of Salmonella spp. detected in mussel samples was 4,4%. Further analysis revealed the identification of two distinct Salmonella serotypes, namely S. kentucky (1 isolate) and S. Typhimurium (3 isolates). This research highlights the potential risks to public health due to the presence of pathogenic bacteria in mussels from two regions of Morocco where shellfish farming and coastal tourism are significant contributors to the local economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]