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1. Forest above-ground biomass estimation based on strongly collinear variables derived from airborne laser scanning data

Author

Xiaofang Zhang, Xiaoyao Li, Ram P. Sharma, Qiaolin Ye, Huiru Zhang, Linyan Feng, Dongbo Xie, Hongchao Huang, Liyong Fu, and Zefeng Zhou

Subjects
Airborne laser scanning data, Collinearity, Variable selection, Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, Stepwise feature selection, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Airborne laser scanning technique (ALS) is the most appealing remote sensing technique for the precise estimation of forest above-ground biomass (AGB). Significantly strong correlations (collinearity) among the independent variables derived from ALS data decrease the accuracy of developed AGB models. To address this issue, we propose a novel variable selection algorithm-an improved sure independence screening (SPV), which integrates the Pearson correlation coefficient, threshold μ, and variance inflation factor. We further compared the performance of SPV-based, stepwise feature selection (SFS)-based, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-based AGB models developed with different regression approaches that were sensitive to strong collinearity. Field-measured data and corresponding ALS data, acquired from 1002 sample plots distributed across four distinct forest types within the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southern China, were used to evaluate variable selection techniques and develop AGB models. Results indicated that ALS variables selected by SPV exhibited weaker collinearity compared to those selected by SFS and LASSO. SPV-based AGB models outperformed SFS-based AGB models with higher leave-one-out cross-validation adjusted R2 (LOOCV Radj2) by 0.1% − 27.8%. SPV-based AGB models outperformed LASSO-based AGB models with higher LOOCV Radj2 by 0.4% − 16.3%. Hence, for variable selection in constructing AGB models (linear regression model, log–log regression model, and generalized additive model (GAM)) based on strongly collinear ALS variables, SPV is most preferred, followed by SFS and LASSO. The smooth curves from our GAMs developed using SPV-selected variables revealed that five canopy height variables (whp40, hmean, hp25, hp70, hskew), one canopy density variable (whp85), three density-related variables (nVegPts, bcc, and mcc), and one vertical structural variable (LADmean) were positively correlated with AGB. The canopy height variables (whp40, hmean, hp25, and hp70) were identified as the most important variables in estimating AGB for four forest types. The canopy density variable wdp85 showed a strong effect on AGB of the coniferous forests, whereas it had almost no effect on the AGB of broadleaved forests. Overall, this manuscript proposes a novel variable selection algorithm named SPV, aimed at addressing collinearity of variables derived from ALS data, which has significant implications for the application of ALS in forest inventory and forest modeling.

Published
2024
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2. Unveiling a novel fusion gene enhances CAR T cell therapy for solid tumors

Author

Zefeng Zhou, Yongming Xia, Ruixiu Chen, Panpan Gao, and Shiwei Duan

Subjects
Adoptive cell transfer therapy, CAR T cells, CARD11-PIK3R3, Solid tumors, Cancer immunotherapy, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract The efficacy of Adoptive Cell Transfer Therapy (ACT) in combating hematological tumors has been well-documented, yet its application to solid tumors faces formidable hurdles, chief among them being the suboptimal therapeutic response and the immunosuppressive milieu within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, Garcia, J. et al. present compelling findings shedding light on potential breakthroughs in this domain. Their investigation reveals the pronounced augmentation of anti-tumor activity in CAR T cells through the introduction of a T cell neoplasm fusion gene, CARD11-PIK3R3. The incorporation of this gene into engineered T cell therapy holds promise as a formidable tool in the arsenal of cancer immunotherapy. The innovative strategy outlined not only mitigates the requirement for high doses of CAR T cells but also enhances tumor control while exhibiting encouraging safety profiles. The exploration of the CARD11-PIK3R3 fusion gene represents an advancement in our approach to bolstering the anti-tumor efficacy of immunotherapeutic interventions. Nonetheless, the imperative for further inquiry to ascertain its transfection efficiency and long-term safety cannot be overstated. Nevertheless, this seminal investigation offers a beacon of hope in surmounting the formidable treatment impediments posed by solid tumors, paving the way for a transformative era in cancer therapeutics.

Published
2024
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4. Forest Biological Disaster Control Behaviors of Forest Farmers and Their Spatial Heterogeneity in China

Author

Qi Cai, Bowen Sun, Xufeng Zhang, Wenjing Bo, Guangyu Wang, and Zefeng Zhou

Subjects
forest biological disasters (forest diseases, pests, rodent or hare infestations, and harmful plants), control behaviors, forest farmers, spatial heterogeneity, propensity score matching, Plant ecology, QK900-989
Abstract

With more and more loss caused by forest biological disasters (FBDs) in China, forest farmers, as one of the most important stakeholders, are participating in the control. In this study, the ordinary least squares model, simultaneous equation model, and propensity score matching method were used with the data from 818 surveys conducted in the typical FBD outbreak provinces, to reveal the FBD control behaviors of forest farmers and their differences between western and eastern regions of China. The results indicated the following. (1) Household factors: forest farmers could timely take control measures. An increase of 1 ha in the area of occurrence would increase the control measures by 3.26 ha. However, the control measures can only reduce 50% of the economic loss caused by FBDs and cannot effectively control the spread trend of FBDs. There are issues, including an insufficient and old labor force, insufficient technology support, and low consciousness of ecology protection. (2) External factors: forest farmers would increase control when the temperature rises, and reduce control when rainfall increases. After village committees unify organizing the control, their participation enthusiasm would increase, which would have a substitution relationship with the household investment. (3) Regional difference: the eastern region of China has higher figures than the western in terms of outbreak area, economic losses, control measures, and pesticide cost. If the western forest farmers have the control funds as the eastern forest farmers have, and the eastern forest farmers have the control intensity as the western forest farmers have, the overall FBD control effect would be better.

Published
2024
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5. Experimental Study on the Sloshing of a Rectangular Tank under Pitch Excitations

Author

Kun Liu, Xianshu Li, Peng Peng, Zefeng Zhou, and Zhenguo Gao

Subjects
liquid sloshing, rectangular liquid tank, experimental study, resonant sloshing, Hydraulic engineering, TC1-978, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, TD201-500
Abstract

Fluid sloshing within containers subjected to external motion is a crucial yet intricate phenomenon with implications across various industries. This study investigates sloshing in a rectangular liquid tank through a series of experiments examining pitch excitations with diverse excitation frequencies and amplitudes across different liquid carrying rates. By analyzing pressure data and imagery of the free liquid surface, statistical trends in peak pressure at measurement points within the tank are identified, revealing the nonlinear behavior of the fluid. Spectral analysis generates power spectrum curves that delineate frequency components and energy distribution within the sloshing dynamics. Key findings include the identification of resonance-induced violent sloshing at a 20% liquid-carrying rate and a resonant frequency shift at a 70% liquid-carrying rate due to nonlinearity, displaying a “soft spring” characteristic in the frequency response. The free liquid surface exhibits four distinct waveforms depending on frequency. Notably, at a 70% liquid-carrying rate and resonant frequency excitation, three-dimensional vortex waves emerge, highlighting a complex three-dimensional effect within the tank. The power spectrum shows that the dominant response frequency aligns with the excitation frequency and its multiples. This investigation enhances our understanding of the intricate nature of sloshing in various liquid-carrying conditions, offering insights valuable for diverse industrial applications.

Published
2024
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6. Experimental Study on the Strength and Damage Characteristics of Cement–Fly Ash–Slag–Gangue Cemented Backfill

Author

Baofeng Song, Heyu Li, Ran An, Xianwei Zhang, and Zefeng Zhou

Subjects
backfill, x-ray computed tomography, uniaxial loading, compressive characteristics, cracks, structural damage, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

In order to achieve the goal of effectively utilizing solid waste resources and improving mining stability, it is necessary to incorporate various types of solid wastes in the production of cemented backfill. For investigating the compressive strength and damage characteristics of Cement–Fly Ash–Slag–Gangue (CFSG) cemented backfill under loading, real-time X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scanning was employed to capture two-dimensional (2D) grayscale slices and three-dimensional (3D) fracture models during uniaxial compression testing. The study quantitatively assessed the evolution of cracks and microstructural damage in CFSG cemented backfill. The results indicate that the specimens underwent four stages of transformation, including compaction, linear elasticity, yielding, and residual deformation, during the uniaxial compression process. The specimens exhibited a measured compressive strength of 3.44 MPa and a failure strain of 0.95%. As the axial strain increased, there was an increase in 2D porosity observed in the CT images and a greater dispersion of crack distribution. A 3D model constructed from CT slices illustrated the feature of cracking expansion, with the fracture volume gradually increasing during the elastic deformation phase and experiencing rapid growth during the yielding and residual deformation phases. The damage variable, obtained from the volume of 3D cracks, exhibited a slow-growth pattern, characterized by a rapid increase followed by a more gradual rise with the increase in axial strain. This study serves as a significant reference for comprehending the micro-mechanisms involved in the damage process and cracking characteristics of cemented backfill mixed with solid wastes under external loading conditions.

Published
2024
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7. Trade openness and human capital allocation: From a perspective of occupational choice between public sector and private sector

Author

Shigang Li, Zefeng Zhou, and Chi Wu

Subjects
Trade openness, Human capital allocation, Natural experiment, Economic theory. Demography, HB1-3840, Economic growth, development, planning, HD72-88
Abstract

This paper investigates the impacts of trade openness on the allocation of human capital between public sector and private sector. Using a matched dataset of the 1% survey of China's population in 2005 and other city-level data, we find that individuals who reside in cities with higher degrees of trade openness are less likely to work in public sector, and this effect increases with educational attainment. We then employ a difference-in-differences model and a triple differences model based on the trade liberalization of China to alleviate endogeneity concerns, and finally come to a same conclusion. Further analysis reveals that trade openness triggers human capital reallocation by ameliorating business environment and raising the returns on human capital that is allocated to private sector.

Published
2022
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8. Mechanical Characteristics and Damage Constitutive Model of Fiber-Reinforced Cement-Stabilized Soft Clay

Author

Tiecheng Yan, Xingyuan Zhang, Sutong Cai, Zefeng Zhou, Ran An, and Xianwei Zhang

Subjects
soft soil, glass fibers, compressive strength, microscopic mechanism, constitutive model, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Marine soft clays are prevalent in coastal regions of China, giving rise to engineering challenges such as salt swelling, corrosion, and load bearing in foundations with soft soil. This study is dedicated to enhancing the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced cement-stabilized soft clay (FCSSC) and revealing its strengthening mechanism. Uniaxial compression tests are performed to explore the impact of fiber length, fiber amount, and curing ages on mechanical behavior. The stabilization mechanisms of cement and glass fibers are explored through damage analyses and microscopy. Based on the experimental results, a damage constitutive model is formulated for FCSSC, and its validity is established by comparing fitting curves with testing curves. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the stabilized soil, attributed to the synergistic effects of the cement and glass fibers. The growth rate of the unconfined compressive strength decreased with increasing curing ages. Notably, the fiber length significantly impacted the strength index, with short-chopped fibers playing a crucial role in strength enhancement. The compressive strength exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease with rising fiber content, reaching a maximum between 0.3% and 0.4%. The bridging effect of the glass fibers proved effective in inhibiting compression crack expansion and mitigating structural damage of the soil sample. However, excessive fiber content or length led to improved local porosity, resulting in the deterioration of strength and deformation properties. The stress–strain curves fitted using the proposed damage constitutive model accurately reflected the stress–strain relationship and deformation characteristics of the FCSSC.

Published
2024
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9. Perceived Effectiveness and Responsibilities of the Forest Biological Disasters Control System of China: A Perspective of Government Administrators

Author

Qi Cai, Guangyu Wang, Xuanye Wen, Xufeng Zhang, and Zefeng Zhou

Subjects
forest biological disasters, perceived effectiveness, control system, quantitative analysis, policy implication, Plant ecology, QK900-989
Abstract

Forest biological disaster control (FBDC) is appealing the attention in China and even across the world, while the control system plays a pivotal role in the entire control work. The survey-based comprehensive indicators system was developed to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of the entropy weight model and the perceived responsibilities of the FBDC system of China from the perspective of government administrators at the province-, prefecture-, and county- levels. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Simultaneous Equations Models (SEM) were further developed to quantitatively analyze the affecting factors of the perceived effectiveness. The results indicated that the perceived effectiveness of the FBDC system in China was relatively low, with a value of 47.18 (the range is 0–100). In specific, the county level has the highest value of 48.85, while the province level has the lowest value of 42.99. The major limiting factors perceived are the insufficiency of the funds and employees. In addition, the intelligentization level, the implementation of the quarantine enforcement, the infrastructure construction, and the involvement of the local communities also need to be further improved. The salary does not positively affect the perceived effectiveness, while administrators with higher education levels and ages usually have higher salaries. Furthermore, compared with the province- and prefecture-level agencies, the county-level agencies have higher perceived effectiveness and more perceived responsibilities with higher workloads. Thus, future policies are suggested to focus on diversifying the investment sources, refining the employee recruitment and promotion system, and paying more attention to the county-level agencies. The results of this study could help to enhance the understanding of the FBDC system of China, hence improving the control efficiency and reducing the economic loss caused by forest biological disasters in China.

Published
2022
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10. Numerical Investigation to the Effect of Suction-Induced Seepage on the Settlement in the Underwater Vacuum Preloading with Prefabricated Vertical Drains

Author

Shu Lin, Dengfeng Fu, Zefeng Zhou, Yue Yan, and Shuwang Yan

Subjects
vacuum preloading, prefabricated vertical drains, consolidation, seepage, non-uniform settlement, overlapping water, Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, VM1-989, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Vacuum preloading combined with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) has the potential to improve the soft sediments under water, however, its development is partly limited by the unclear understanding of the mechanism. This paper aims to extend the comprehension of the influential mechanism of overlapping water in the scenario of underwater vacuum preloading with PVDs. The systematic investigations were conducted by small strain finite element drained analyses, with the separated analysis schemes considering suction-induced consolidation, seepage and their combination. The development of settlement in the improved soil region and the evolution of seepage flow from the overlapping water through the non-improved soil region into improved zone are examined in terms of the build-up of excess pore pressure. Based on the results of numerical analyses, a theoretical approach was set out. It was capable to estimate the time-dependent non-uniform settlement along the improved soil surface in response to the combined effects of suction-induced consolidation and seepage. The difference of underwater and onshore vacuum preloading with PVDs is discussed with some practical implication and suggestion provided.

Published
2021
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11. Effect of Gain in Soil Friction on the Walking Rate of Subsea Pipelines

Author

Zhaohui Hong, Dengfeng Fu, Wenbin Liu, Zefeng Zhou, Yue Yan, and Shuwang Yan

Subjects
subsea pipeline, pipeline walking, axial soil resistance, gain in friction, Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, VM1-989, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Subsea pipelines are commonly employed in the offshore oil and gas industry to transport high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) hydrocarbons. The phenomenon of pipeline walking is a topic that has drawn a great deal of attention, and is related to the on-bottom stability of the pipeline, such as directional accumulation with respect to axial movement, which can threaten the security of the entire pipeline system. An accurate assessment of pipeline walking is therefore necessary for offshore pipeline design. This paper reports a comprehensive suite of numerical analyses investigating the performance of pipeline walking, with a focus on the effect of increasing axial soil resistance on walking rates. Three walking-driven modes (steel catenary riser (SCR) tension, downslope, and thermal transient) are considered, covering a wide range of influential parameters. The variation in walking rate with respect to the effect of increased soil friction is well reflected in the development of the effective axial force (EAF) profile. A method based on the previous analytical solution is proposed for predicting the accumulated walking rates throughout the entire service life, where the concept of equivalent soil friction is adopted.

Published
2019
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12. Consolidation-induced improvements in plate anchor capacity

Author

Ci Wang, Conleth D O'Loughlin, Mark Fraser Bransby, Phillip Watson, and Zefeng Zhou

Subjects
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Plate anchors are an attractive technology for mooring floating facilities as relative to piles, suction caissons and drag anchors they provide a much higher capacity relative to their mass. Plate anchors may experience an extreme loading event that will cause geotechnical failure, although they will still retain a residual capacity. The displacement associated with bringing the anchor to failure will induce excess pore pressures that initially reduce soil strength, but will dissipate over time, leading to regains in soil strength and hence anchor capacity. This paper considers the time scales and magnitude of this anchor capacity regain through a series of model scale experiments conducted in a geotechnical centrifuge. The experiments involved vertical loading of pre-embedded horizontally orientated circular anchors in normally consolidated kaolin clay. The results show that anchor capacity regain is a function of consolidation time and the level of resistance maintained on the anchor, with the longest consolidation time and highest maintained resistance leading to a capacity regain of approximately 60%. These capacity increases are described here using a simple hyperbolic function, which provides a basis for estimating the time needed for the residual anchor capacity to regain sufficient capacity following a movement event.

Published
2023

13. Precision native polysaccharides from living polymerization of anhydrosugars

Author

Lianqian Wu, Zefeng Zhou, Devavrat Sathe, Junfeng Zhou, Shoshana Dym, Zhensheng Zhao, Junpeng Wang, and Jia Niu

Subjects
General Chemical Engineering, General Chemistry
Abstract

The composition, sequence, length, and type of glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides profoundly affect their biological and physical properties. However, investigation of the structure-function relationship of polysaccharides is hampered by accessing well-defined polysaccharides in sufficient quantities. Here, we report a chemical approach to precision polysaccharides with native glycosidic linkages via living cationic ring-opening polymerization of 1,6-anhydrosugars. We synthesized well-defined polysaccharides with tunable molecular weight, low dispersity, and excellent regio- and stereoselectivity using a boron trifluoride etherate catalyst and glycosyl fluoride initiators. Computational studies revealed that the reaction propagated through the monomer alpha-addition to the oxocarbenium and was controlled by the reversible deactivation of the propagating oxocarbenium to form the glycosyl fluoride dormant species. Our method afforded a facile and scalable pathway to multiple biologically relevant precision polysaccharides, including D-glucan, D-mannan, and an unusual L-glucan. We demonstrated that catalytic depolymerization of precision polysaccharides efficiently regenerated monomers, suggesting their utility as a class of chemically recyclable materials with tailored thermal and mechanical properties.

Published
2023

14. Erratum: Searches for continuous gravitational waves from 15 supernova remnants and fomalhaut b with advanced LIGO (2019, ApJ, 875, 122)*

Author

A. Parida, S. S. Eikenberry, F. Frasconi, Chris A. Collins, R. Flaminio, Marcus E. Lower, Rosa Poggiani, V. Frey, E. K. Wessel, Nikhil Sarin, Odylio D. Aguiar, I. W. Martin, S. Farinon, P. Raffai, Andrew Matas, C. F. Da Silva Costa, M. A. Okada, G. Rutins, Graham Woan, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, D. Passuello, A. Cirone, H. S. Chen, Hyun Lee, J. D. Lough, K. Mason, S. A. Bilgili, E. C. Ferreira, Robert L. Byer, J. Calderón Bustillo, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, O. Halim, N. A. Robertson, Stuart Reid, F. J. Hayes, Patrick Godwin, N. Sennett, P. Kumar, Jacob Scheuer, B. R. Hall, J. Hanks, R. M. Martin, David A. Nichols, Edward K. Porter, J. G. Bartlett, Márton Tápai, K. W. Tsang, C. Horst, W. A. Campbell, Andreas Freise, C. V. Kalaghatgi, M. Rakhmanov, G. Pagano, Paul D. Lasky, J. W. Westhouse, M. C. Araya, Srishti Tiwari, C. Lazzaro, Patricia Schmidt, V. Brisson, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, Matthew Pitkin, D. Cohen, Kiran Prasai, P. J. Veitch, S. A. Usman, C. Messenger, Liam Cunningham, E. A. M. Muniz, Daniel A. Shaddock, P. Gruning, Brittany Kamai, Riccardo Ciolfi, Alberto Vecchio, Geoffrey Mo, J. M. Fishner, Roman Schnabel, J. Hanson, M. Wade, M. Montani, P. Sharma, Héctor Estellés, N. Letendre, F. Ricci, A. Lenon, J. E. Brau, A. A. van Veggel, Richard Gray, Efim A. Khazanov, Peter T. H. Pang, C. Affeldt, G. Ballardin, Moritz Mehmet, A. A. Ciobanu, M. Granata, Minchuan Zhou, F. Marion, P. Brockill, Nancy Aggarwal, Hang Yu, P. G. Murray, Fabien Kéfélian, J. H. Hough, P. W. F. Forsyth, S. R. Thondapu, J. R. Palamos, Michele Zanolin, S. Mukherjee, T. J. Massinger, T. Vo, V. Kalogera, N. Leroy, G. D. Hammond, Javed Rana, H. Fong, G. Greco, M. Haney, T. A. Callister, Alec Mishkin, R. Cavalieri, S. R. P. Mohapatra, G. Giordano, K. Toland, A. K. Srivastava, A. E. Pace, H. Ohta, Vuk Mandic, B. Bécsy, M. Kasprzack, I. Dave, B. D. Lackey, R. L. Ward, Scott Coughlin, A.J. Weinstein, K. H. Lai, M. Phelps, H. S. Cho, L. Kuo, H. Yamamoto, E. Capocasa, M. Chan, S. Walsh, D. J. McManus, A. Schönbeck, B. Rajbhandari, Andrew Mehta, S. D. Linker, R. Robie, M. Fletcher, B. Hughey, R. D. Kennedy, José A. Font, Gregorio Carullo, S. Kumar, J. Prasad, H. K. Gulati, V. Raymond, Steven Bloemen, H. J. Bulten, Shiuh Chao, P. J. Sutton, N. Singh, C. Buy, Samuele Cortese, J. McIver, Vivishek Sudhir, P. A. Altin, A. Basti, N. A. Lockerbie, E. Schreiber, Charalampos Markakis, P. Grassia, Kipp Cannon, M. Steinke, P.H. Nguyen, Ryan N. Lang, Z. Doctor, Alyssa Garcia, J. H. Romie, Carlos O. Lousto, S. Sitmukhambetov, Alejandro Torres-Forné, A. Samajdar, D. M. Wysocki, T. Mistry, Mark A. Scheel, Charlie Hoy, F. Clara, M. A. Aloy, T. M. Evans, C. North, Thomas Dent, P. Corban, P. Ajith, B. Mours, Mandar Patil, Abhirup Ghosh, J. Neilson, Bala R. Iyer, Y. K. Lecoeuche, M. Muratore, Karsten Danzmann, Fabrizio Barone, N. Mukund, P. B. Covas, M. C. Edwards, T. Hinderer, Marta Colleoni, J. A. Giaime, Michael Pürrer, R. Pedurand, Benno Willke, A. Grado, D. C. Vander-Hyde, S. S. Y. Chua, J. Eichholz, J.-P. Coulon, Hua Wang, E. A. Chase, J. Betzwieser, G. Kang, L. R. Cominsky, O. A. Hannuksela, Z. Frei, A. Pal-Singh, S. Caride, Kevin Barkett, N. Bode, S. E. Gossan, Tristan Briant, R. Gustafson, Antoine Heidmann, Rana X. Adhikari, S. McCormick, C. Casentini, Slawomir Gras, D. Töyrä, H. Overmier, S. W. S. Ng, G. Wang, M. C. Heintze, J. S. Areeda, I. Belahcene, B. B. Lane, N. Mazumder, Maher Yazback, F. Donovan, J. Bosveld, N. A. Holland, N. V. Keerthana, M.L. Walker, C. Cahillane, L. Sun, M. C. Milovich-Goff, Dániel Barta, J. D. E. Creighton, V. Gayathri, P. Puppo, J.-D. Fournier, S. J. Kapadia, A. L. Stuver, A. S. Sengupta, H. W. Lee, I. Di Palma, S. T. Countryman, Francesco Pannarale, E. A. Huerta, J. L. Wright, Alessandra Corsi, B. W. Schulte, A. Rocchi, J. P. Zendri, R. Kashyap, Chandra Kant Mishra, R. Bhandare, Sylvain Marsat, Lee McCuller, T. Bulik, T. D. Abbott, O. Puncken, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, Philip F. Hopkins, C. Cocchieri, B. Goncharov, R. Birney, M. Kinley-Hanlon, I. Fiori, Shawn Rosofsky, Jun Liu, S. Raja, S. E. Strigin, D. Sellers, J. Meidam, Jeff R. Powell, Riccardo Sturani, D. Hoak, Stefan L. Danilishin, Patrick Brady, L. Matone, Haocun Yu, M. Landry, R. M. S. Schofield, Surabhi Sachdev, Christopher J. Moore, V. Avendano, R. Mittleman, Nelson Christensen, Geoffrey Lovelace, Soichiro Morisaki, John Worden, P. Couvares, Carl-Johan Haster, O. J. Piccinni, L. Rolland, C. L. Romel, Miriam Cabero, Alessandra Buonanno, L. Wallace, S. Biscoveanu, M. B. Shaner, Benjamin J. Owen, Alexander Urban, Antoni Ramos-Buades, V. V. Frolov, A. Singhal, F. Carbognani, Jordan Camp, R. L. Savage, A. S. Bell, M. Laxen, Anchal Gupta, A. Królak, B. D. Cheeseboro, G. Cerretani, P. J. Easter, J. F. J. van den Brand, M. J. Szczepańczyk, L. Di Fiore, E. Bonilla, S. Sunil, M. Tacca, Jessica Steinlechner, A. Neunzert, P.-F. Cohadon, M. Heurs, Irina Kowalska, E. Katsavounidis, Xiuling Li, C. I. Torrie, Jan Harms, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Kin Sing Stephen Lee, Frank Ohme, M. Tonelli, R. De Rosa, Kwan-Lok Li, I. Nardecchia, Reed Essick, Martin Hendry, Cecilio García-Quirós, S. Kandhasamy, M. Fishbach, B. Sorazu, Christopher Wipf, Archisman Ghosh, A. P. Lundgren, Gabrielle Allen, E. J. Daw, M. Punturo, F. Garufi, Antonio Marquina, Surendra Nadh Somala, I. Dorrington, Robert J. McCarthy, T. A. Ferreira, R. Frey, Joseph Smith, S. Brunett, J. Zweizig, A. W. Heptonstall, E. L. Merilh, D. Barker, K. D. Giardina, Denis Martynov, Marco Bazzan, C. Ingram, L. Pinard, L. Naticchioni, Salvatore Vitale, R. Kirchhoff, B. L. Pearlstone, N. Man, Antonios Kontos, D. Moffa, J. J. McCann, J.-M. Isac, D. Hofman, Linqing Wen, A. Bisht, A. Kutynia, M. A. Page, Tyson Littenberg, Z. Tornasi, Junwei Cao, Sebastian Steinlechner, T. J. Slaven-Blair, S. ShyamSundar, C. Stachie, Hongyu Shen, O. de Varona, J. B. Kanner, Federico Ferrini, Lijing Shao, G. Vajente, S. M. Gaebel, Christopher P. L. Berry, S. H. Huttner, G. M. Harry, Andrea Chincarini, K. Venkateswara, Yuri Levin, C. Austin, C.D. Booth, M. Barsuglia, S. Appert, A. Giazotto, P. Shawhan, I. Ferrante, T. Z. Summerscales, A. Viceré, T. Huynh-Dinh, Fabio Hernandez, H. Cao, Ashok Kumar, D. J. Vine, W. Katzman, Alena Ananyeva, D. C. Coyne, Stanislav Babak, Rico K. L. Lo, Kendall Ackley, R. K. Nayak, F. Y. Khalili, Ken K. Y. Ng, A. Hreibi, M. Thomas, D. Fiorucci, Manuela Rizzo, H. Radkins, A. Bozzi, A. K. Prajapati, A. R. Wade, M. Agathos, M. Brinkmann, R. Quitzow-James, N. N. Janthalur, B. Sassolas, K. Izumi, L. Xiao, J. S. Lange, H. Y. Chia, M. C. Díaz, W. S. Kim, M. H. Wimmer, K. Haughian, S. Hochheim, M. Yvert, M. Nery, Marc Favata, L. E. Wade, Roger Jones, V. J. Roma, A. P. Spencer, G. Kuehn, C. M. Mow-Lowry, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, Andrew Melatos, M. Lorenzini, A. Masserot, M. Khursheed, Ettore Majorana, Robert Stone, Alessandro Nagar, D. D. Brown, Anthony A. Amato, N. van Bakel, Sebastien Biscans, P. Fulda, P. Charlton, F. Magaña-Sandoval, L. Aiello, M. Gosselin, A. R. Williamson, D. Huet, R. Green, M. Was, M. C. Tringali, A. K. Zadrożny, E. E. Cowan, V. Boschi, L. Zhang, J. H. Klika, M. Bawaj, J. Junker, M. van Beuzekom, K. W. Chung, David Coward, T. Hardwick, D. Steinmeyer, F. Travasso, M. Constancio, A. Allocca, Sascha Husa, G. Venugopalan, D.B. DeBra, Mikhail L. Gorodetsky, C. Whittle, Z. Khan, P. Ehrens, Paul M. Ricker, Y. Setyawati, H. Khan, S. E. Barclay, B. F. Whiting, F. Brighenti, C. Talbot, J. H. Briggs, J. Casanueva Diaz, D. H. Reitze, A. F. Brooks, P. J. Quinonez, V. Kringel, J. L. Willis, Ofek Birnholtz, M. F. Carney, P. Schale, R. Bonnand, Mariana Fazio, H. Vocca, C. Van Den Broeck, E. Sowell, Albrecht Rüdiger, Xing-Jiang Zhu, Jochen Kissel, Felice Sorrentino, V. Srivastava, D. Talukder, Michał Bejger, M. Standke, M. Croquette, David A. Williams, A. Effler, I. W. Harry, D. Mukherjee, Y. R. Chen, J. Jiang, Alessandro Bertolini, M. Fays, D. Moraru, J. C. Driggers, Matthew Evans, M. Bitossi, G. Bergmann, K. Wette, M. M. Hanke, Leo Singer, E. Cesarini, M. Hulko, T. D. Creighton, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Jörg Hennig, Eric Howell, A. Strunk, G. Vedovato, L. E. H. Datrier, D. B. Kozak, D. Stocks, C. Vorvick, P. Thomas, M. Arène, S. B. Anderson, Tim Dietrich, A. Perreca, G. Gemme, A. Di Lieto, R. A. Eisenstein, S. J. Chamberlin, Jishnu Suresh, G. D. Meadors, Z. A. Warden, R. Gouaty, T. Zelenova, Riccardo Bassiri, John J. Oh, M. Vasúth, Jonathan Cripe, N. Kijbunchoo, E. Cuoco, Sheelu Abraham, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, Michael W. Coughlin, G. D. O'Dea, Bruno Giacomazzo, Giuseppe Intini, M. Drago, Guenakh Mitselmakher, B. A. Boom, A. M. Sergeev, T. Etzel, J.-G. Ducoin, M. Eisenmann, A. Dmitriev, S. Leavey, Hai-Ping Cheng, A. Iess, L. K. Nuttall, D. Wilken, S. Katsanevas, R. Goetz, C. Adams, R. M. Blair, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, D. M. Shoemaker, Binlei Ding, V. Bossilkov, Lindsay DeMarchi, I. Khan, K. Siellez, D. Sentenac, R. Macas, G. Billingsley, S. Macfoy, Sergio Gaudio, D. B. Tanner, A. Trovato, Olivier Minazzoli, Magnus Manske, M. Razzano, C. C. Yancey, F. Vetrano, Zachariah B. Etienne, Jennifer Watchi, E. Maros, R. C. Walet, V. P. Mitrofanov, R. Colgan, C. S. Unnikrishnan, G. Moreno, V. Kondrashov, P. Leaci, S. Meshkov, Seog Oh, S. P. Stevenson, Achamveedu Gopakumar, R. Inta, C. J. Richardson, S. Klimenko, M. J. Yap, C. Palomba, W. G. Anderson, G. Cella, F.L. Linde, P. Booker, L. Milano, S. C. Tait, N. V. Krishnendu, A. Pasqualetti, W. Del Pozzo, W. M. Farr, A. C. Green, Fausto Acernese, M. Korobko, B. C. Pant, C. Messick, J. Derby, J. Healy, K. A. Thorne, A. Cumming, M. Denys, M. Tse, S. Ascenzi, S. E. Dwyer, R. M. Magee, David Keitel, V. Germain, S. J. Cooper, Giacomo Ciani, K. Rao, Yongjung Kim, Peter Weßels, I. A. Bilenko, L. Haegel, David J. Ottaway, B. P. Abbott, H. Vahlbruch, J. C. Mills, E. K. Gustafson, K. Riles, J. Y. Vinet, H. Middleton, S. Doravari, H. Heitmann, Piotr Jaranowski, M. S. Shahriar, P. Ruggi, M. Weinert, H. A. G. Gabbard, D. M. Macleod, Karan Jani, B. L. Swinkels, Arunava Mukherjee, S. Privitera, L. Glover, Imre Bartos, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, H. Qi, E. Genin, J. Zhang, F. Baldaccini, B. U. Gadre, A. Lartaux-Vollard, B. Irwin, R. Shink, L. Rei, Huang-Wei Pan, Gijs Nelemans, S. Vass, Kenneth A. Strain, Jimin George, R. Coyne, C. Gray, G. H. Ogin, T. J. Shaffer, M. Sieniawska, Fabrice Matichard, A. Paoli, K. A. Santiago, F. Fidecaro, G. M. Guidi, G. Cagnoli, Arnold Miller, H. N. Isa, Suvadeep Bose, V. Tiwari, V. Quetschke, Yann Bouffanais, Martin M. Fejer, L. F. Ortega, D. Lumaca, M. Pedraza, R. Bork, S. Ghonge, Y. Minenkov, P. Bacon, K. AultONeal, K. Chakravarti, E. D. Hall, L. Sammut, Lionel London, D. George, R. K. Lanza, Y. Boetzel, Alexander C. Jenkins, P. Dupej, Eric B. Flynn, Z. Márka, M. Mantovani, T. Prestegard, D. W. Yeeles, Xie Chen, A. Markowitz, Fabio Marchesoni, P. Hello, Samuel Deléglise, M. Merzougui, A. Fernandez-Galiana, S. M. Scott, M. Obergaulinger, Turlough P. Downes, F. Cavalier, A. Ain, R. J. Trudeau, K. Holt, Chunglee Kim, L. van der Schaaf, S. A. Pai, C. De Rossi, W. Parker, A. Gennai, Rahul Kumar, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Milan Gupta, G. Dálya, B. Gateley, G. Cho, J. C. Bayley, Aaron Buikema, V. Sandberg, E. J. King, M. J. Cowart, S. Koley, M. Boer, G. Mendell, S. J. Jadhav, B. Idzkowski, V. Loriette, V. Skliris, J. K. Blackburn, E. Chassande-Mottin, Shubhanshu Tiwari, G. Koekoek, L. Trozzo, C. Pankow, P. M. Meyers, Koh Ueno, Christian Pedersen, Albert Lazzarini, Kyungmin Kim, N. Koper, H. Wittel, M. Deenadayalan, B. O'Reilly, A. W. Jones, Sheila Rowan, S. G. Schwalbe, D. Pascucci, R. De Pietri, S. Mitra, T. Sadecki, W. Ren, Rocco Romano, John D. Scott, J. Z. Wang, S. Grunewald, R. Prasanna, R. Cotesta, R. G. Ormiston, S. Kaufer, Rainer Weiss, David E. McClelland, Paul J. Groot, M. Zevin, R. A. Mercer, S. Ossokine, Jinsook Kim, Rebecca Fisher, J. Li, A. M. Holgado, H. Fair, Samaya Nissanke, X. Liu, M. A. Bizouard, K. Bossie, John Veitch, J. Lehmann, Al Imran Malik, K. G. Arun, J. D. Tasson, C. K. Cheong, J. R. Gair, M. Fitz-Axen, B. K. Berger, S. D'Antonio, N. Arnaud, K. E. Ramirez, W. Z. Korth, Daniel E. Holz, F. Di Renzo, Torrey Cullen, B. J. J. Slagmolen, Archana Pai, F. Paoletti, Vijay Varma, M. MacInnis, Marco Romanelli, M. Fyffe, F. Cipriano, David Blair, C. Fee, Gabriela Gonzalez, F. Aubin, G. Stratta, Jesper Munch, K. R. Corley, A. Mullavey, T. J. N. Nelson, J. Birch, S. Bae, P. Rapagnani, F. J. Raab, D. Tuyenbayev, B. Patricelli, D. S. Wu, Margaret Millhouse, S. Barnum, D. Buskulic, S. G. Gaonkar, E. Coccia, M. E. Zucker, C. Graef, B. A. Weaver, Xiaohui Fan, J. G. Rollins, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, M. De Laurentis, D. Ugolini, P. Clearwater, G. Valdes, David Jones, M. R. Ganija, L.-W. Wei, Haixing Miao, G. Bogaert, R. Taylor, P. Popolizio, Koji Arai, Ryan Lynch, A. D. Viets, D. Meacher, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, E. J. Sanchez, S. Ponrathnam, G. A. Prodi, K. L. Dooley, Fangchen Feng, Lisa Barsotti, Kris Ryan, E. A. Quintero, Marco Cavaglia, J.J. Bero, Leo Tsukada, David H. Shoemaker, M. Lormand, D. J. Stops, S. Karki, Anirban Dasgupta, E. Z. Hamilton, R. J. G. Jonker, J. S. H. Lee, T. Dal Canton, J. Warner, R. Passaquieti, D. Verkindt, Mairi Sakellariadou, G. Pillant, S. H. R. Yuen, Keith Rose, K. S. Karvinen, F. Martelli, C. Rajan, Pablo Cerdá-Durán, Peter R. Saulson, V. Sequino, Tenglin Li, R. DeSalvo, D. Estevez, B. Pang, Paul T. Baker, O. V. Palashov, Sean T. McWilliams, D. Rosińska, J. C. Barayoga, V. Fafone, R. Tso, Jonathan Richardson, F. Piergiovanni, Chang-Hwan Lee, N. Sanchis-Gual, N. Radulescu, L. Mereni, Terry G. McRae, S. Mastrogiovanni, Richard J. Abbott, L. G. Prokhorov, Patrick M. Koch, S. Antier, S. Banagiri, A. Grant, D. Chatterjee, T. L. Lam, A. Pele, A. Chiummo, Nergis Mavalvala, Alessandro Longo, Richard J. Oram, M. Davier, Jerome Degallaix, François Bondu, F. Badaracco, Sebastian Khan, B. C. Barish, Hartmut Grote, R. J. E. Smith, John A. Clark, Ben Farr, Christophe Collette, Ho-Gyu Lee, G. Losurdo, Luca Gammaitoni, R. Metzdorff, C. J. Perez, B. D. O'Brien, M. K. M. Bader, O. Chaibi, Devon S. Johnson, C. Bradaschia, P. Oppermann, Neil J. Cornish, S. Frasca, M. Di Giovanni, Ik Siong Heng, Kai Staats, F-L. Lin, L. Conti, M. Chaturvedi, S. Márka, Stephen Fairhurst, Carl Blair, Peter Aufmuth, T. Di Girolamo, V. Mangano, A. L. Miller, S. Ghosh, László Á. Gergely, A. Macquet, P. Astone, B. Lantz, Daichi Tsuna, K. Mogushi, P. J. King, J. T. Whelan, S. G. Crowder, J. Feicht, Joey Shapiro Key, J. R. Sanders, António Alves da Silva, Q. Chu, S. V. Angelova, L. Magaña Zertuche, Lili Yang, Laura Cadonati, D. A. Steer, M. Branchesi, Zefeng Zhou, D. Y. T. Pong, L. Kleybolte, E. Massera, F. Wellmann, Edward Seidel, O. E. S. Sauter, J. Woehler, S. Chung, K. S. Phukon, A. Avila-Alvarez, Chad Hanna, A. Bramley, C. Kimball, J. Oberling, M. Pirello, K. Gill, Walter Winkler, A. S. Markosyan, Harald Lück, J. Bidler, M. Cho, G. Gaur, S. C. McGuire, J. F. Read, F. Nocera, C. Zhao, Alicia M. Sintes, S. Di Pace, K. Haris, T. Zhang, N. Demos, Thibaut Jacqmin, T. Regimbau, I. Maksimovic, G. Hemming, S. M. Koehlenbeck, M. Saleem, M. Oliver, Douglas Davis, Geraint Pratten, E. Goetz, Tarun Souradeep, Andrea Taracchini, D. Bersanetti, G. Ashton, S. Penn, J. V. van Heijningen, Yu Wang, F. Thies, G. L. Mansell, V. Dattilo, Edwin J. Son, Eric Thrane, Stefan Hild, Y. Ma, A. Brillet, C. Michel, M. Vardaro, Sarah Caudill, T. D. Knowles, F. Robinet, V. B. Adya, J. K. Wofford, F. Cleva, M. P. Ross, T. B. Edo, M. Pichot, Maximiliano Isi, E. M. Gretarsson, Ying Guo, D. Beniwal, Peter Fritschel, Wenxiao Wang, M. Masso-Reid, S. Kwang, L. E. Sanchez, Enrico Calloni, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, L. Salconi, C. A. Costa, Zhihui Du, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), (Astro)-Particles Physics, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Gravitational wave, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LIGO, Supernova, Fomalhaut, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Equation (5) of the published article?(Abbott et al. 2019) is in error; it should read (Formula Presented) The upper limits on ò presented in the published article are unaffected by this error.

Published
2021

16. Improvements in plate anchor capacity due to cyclic and maintained loads combined with consolidation

Author

David White, Conleth O'Loughlin, Sam Stanier, and Zefeng Zhou

Subjects
Consolidation (soil), business.industry, Fossil fuel, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Mooring, Renewable energy, Soil structure interaction, Offshore geotechnical engineering, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, Submarine pipeline, Bearing capacity, business, Marine engineering
Abstract

Plate anchor technology is an efficient solution for mooring offshore floating facilities for oil and gas or renewable energy projects. When used with a taut mooring, the anchor is typically subjected to a maintained load component and intermittent episodes of cyclic loading throughout the design life. These loads, and the associated shearing, remoulding and consolidation processes, cause changes in the anchor capacity, particularly in soft, fine-grained soils. The changing anchor capacity affects the mooring performance by changing the safety margin and also the overall system reliability. In this paper the changing anchor capacity in reconstituted, normally consolidated natural carbonate silt was assessed through a series of beam centrifuge tests on horizontally loaded circular plate anchors. The results demonstrate that full consolidation under a typical maintained load leads to a 50% gain in the anchor capacity, and subsequent cyclic loading and reconsolidation can triple this increase. An effective stress framework based on critical state concepts is employed to explain and support the experimental observations. This study shows that, when viewed from a whole-life reliability perspective, maintained and cyclic loading provide a long-term enhancement of anchor capacity in soft, fine-grained soils. This beneficial effect is currently overlooked in design practice, but can be predicted using the framework shown here, which can form the basis for a digital twin that monitors the through-life integrity of a plate anchor.

Published
2020

17. Cascade Reactions in Chain-Growth Polymerization

Author

Wenqi Wang, Jia Niu, Jingsong Yuan, and Zefeng Zhou

Subjects
Polymers and Plastics, Chemistry, education, Organic Chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Combinatorial chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chain-growth polymerization, Polymerization, Biosynthesis, Cascade, Materials Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

While the design and implementation of cascade reactions in organic chemistry and enzymatic biosynthesis flourished in the past decades, cascade reactions in polymerization remain an emerging conce...

Published
2020

18. Degradable Vinyl Random Copolymers via Photocontrolled Radical Ring‐Opening Cascade Copolymerization**

Author

Wenqi Wang, Zefeng Zhou, Devavrat Sathe, Xuanting Tang, Stephanie Moran, Jing Jin, Fredrik Haeffner, Junpeng Wang, and Jia Niu

Subjects
General Medicine, General Chemistry, Catalysis
Abstract

Degradable vinyl polymers by radical ring-opening polymerization are promising solutions to the challenges caused by non-degradable vinyl plastics. However, achieving even distributions of labile functional groups in the backbone of degradable vinyl polymers remains challenging. Herein, we report a photocatalytic approach to degradable vinyl random copolymers via radical ring-opening cascade copolymerization (rROCCP). The rROCCP of macrocyclic allylic sulfones and acrylates or acrylamides mediated by visible light at ambient temperature achieved near-unity comonomer reactivity ratios over the entire range of the feed compositions. Experimental and computational evidence revealed an unusual reversible inhibition of chain propagation by in situ generated sulfur dioxide (SO

Published
2022

19. High expression of

Author

Ning, Li, Zefeng, Zhou, Liang, Zhang, Huifeng, Tang, Xiaohui, Chen, and Hui, Zhou

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy. Immunoinvasion of tumor microenvironment was positively correlated with overall cancer survival.Software R3.6.3 analyzed the expression ofHigh expression ofHigh expression of

Published
2021

20. Truly Random Degradable Vinyl Copolymers via Photocontrolled Radical Ring-Opening Cascade Copolymerization

Author

Zefeng Zhou, Jing Jin, Wenqi Wang, Stephanie Moran, Jia Niu, Fredrik Haeffner, and Xuanting Tang

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Chain propagation, Materials science, Comonomer, organic chemicals, technology, industry, and agriculture, Polymer, macromolecular substances, Vinyl polymer, Sulfone, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polymerization, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Copolymer, Reactivity (chemistry)
Abstract

Degradable vinyl polymers by radical ring-opening polymerization have become a promising solution to the challenges caused by the widespread use of non-degradable vinyl plastics. However, achieving even distribution of labile functional groups in the backbone of degradable vinyl polymers remains challenging. Herein, we report a photocatalytic approach to truly random degradable vinyl copolymers with tunable main-chain composition via radical ring-opening cascade copolymerization (rROCCP). The rROCCP of the macrocyclic allylic sulfone and acrylates or acrylamides mediated by visible light at ambient temperature achieved near-unity reactivity ratios of both comonomers over the entire range of the comonomer compositions and afforded truly random vinyl copolymers with degradable units evenly distributed in the polymer backbone. Experimental and computational evidence revealed an unusual reversible inhibition of chain propagation by in situ generated sulfur dioxide, which was successfully overcome by reducing the solubility of sulfur dioxide in the reaction mixture. This study provided a powerful approach to truly random degradable vinyl copolymers with tunable main-chain labile functionalities and comparable thermal and mechanical properties to traditional non-degradable vinyl polymers.

Published
2021

21. Numerical Investigation to the Effect of Suction-Induced Seepage on the Settlement in the Underwater Vacuum Preloading with Prefabricated Vertical Drains

Author

Lin Shu, Zefeng Zhou, Shuwang Yan, Yue Yan, and Dengfeng Fu

Subjects
Suction, Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, 0211 other engineering and technologies, VM1-989, Ocean Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Soil surface, GC1-1581, Oceanography, vacuum preloading, Pore water pressure, prefabricated vertical drains, 021105 building & construction, Geotechnical engineering, Underwater, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, seepage, Consolidation (soil), Settlement (structural), Small strain, Finite element method, non-uniform settlement, consolidation, Geology, overlapping water
Abstract

Vacuum preloading combined with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) has the potential to improve the soft sediments under water, however, its development is partly limited by the unclear understanding of the mechanism. This paper aims to extend the comprehension of the influential mechanism of overlapping water in the scenario of underwater vacuum preloading with PVDs. The systematic investigations were conducted by small strain finite element drained analyses, with the separated analysis schemes considering suction-induced consolidation, seepage and their combination. The development of settlement in the improved soil region and the evolution of seepage flow from the overlapping water through the non-improved soil region into improved zone are examined in terms of the build-up of excess pore pressure. Based on the results of numerical analyses, a theoretical approach was set out. It was capable to estimate the time-dependent non-uniform settlement along the improved soil surface in response to the combined effects of suction-induced consolidation and seepage. The difference of underwater and onshore vacuum preloading with PVDs is discussed with some practical implication and suggestion provided.

Published
2021

22. Numerical Modeling Approach for Steel Catenary Riser Behavior at Touchdown Zone

Author

Lifen Chen, Liang Zhao, Zefeng Zhou, and Dong Wang

Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Catenary, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Numerical modeling, Touchdown, Geotechnical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Geology, Seabed, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, General Environmental Science
Abstract

This paper introduces a new numerical approach in the analysis of the dynamic interaction between the steel catenary riser (SCR) and seabed in the vicinity of the touchdown zone (TDZ). The ...

Published
2021

23. Radical Ring-Closing/Ring-Opening Cascade Polymerization

Author

Meirui An, Bohan Sun, Fredrik Haeffner, Hanchu Huang, Zefeng Zhou, Wenqi Wang, and Jia Niu

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Allylic rearrangement, Chemistry, General Chemistry, Polymer, 010402 general chemistry, Ring (chemistry), 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Combinatorial chemistry, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, Sulfone, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Monomer, Polymerization, Cascade reaction, Alkyl
Abstract

A novel strategy for the synthesis of main-chain polymers through radical ring-closing/ring-opening cascade polymerization is reported. Efficient radical cyclopolymerization was achieved through systematic optimization of the electronic properties of 1,6-diene structures. Fusing 1,6-diene with allylic sulfide or allylic sulfone motifs enabled a ring-closing/ring-opening cascade reaction that provides a strong driving force for the ring-opening polymerization of large macrocyclic monomers. The ability of 1,6-diene-fused allylic sulfone to undergo efficient SO2 extrusion generated a propagating alkyl radical capable of reversible deactivation. This strategy provides a general platform for the synthesis of polymers incorporating complex main-chain structures and degradable functionalities.

Published
2019

26. Erratum: Search for gravitational waves from Scorpius X-1 in the second Advanced LIGO observing run with an improved hidden Markov model [Phys. Rev. D 100, 122002 (2019)]

Author

S. J. Jadhav, Samuele Cortese, Charlie Hoy, V. Srivastava, M. Fays, Rebecca Fisher, J. Li, Chris A. Collins, T. Hinderer, A. Di Lieto, Rana X. Adhikari, Al Imran Malik, S. J. Chamberlin, M. Vasúth, Nikhil Sarin, Jonathan Cripe, M. Fyffe, Gabriela Gonzalez, K. R. Corley, F. Donovan, C. F. Da Silva Costa, V. Bossilkov, D. Lumaca, M. A. Okada, K. Mason, S. A. Bilgili, J. D. E. Creighton, Soichiro Morisaki, Jun Liu, E. C. Ferreira, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, D. B. Tanner, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, O. Halim, K. W. Tsang, W. Katzman, M. Yvert, R. M. S. Schofield, M. Nery, L. Naticchioni, R. M. Martin, David A. Nichols, M. Korobko, P. J. Veitch, W. A. Campbell, Ettore Majorana, Benjamin J. Owen, J. F. J. van den Brand, J. Junker, S. Sunil, M. Tacca, S. Hochheim, Martin Hendry, Cecilio García-Quirós, P. Ehrens, Paul M. Ricker, H. Khan, T. Prestegard, G. Cho, H. Fong, G. Greco, M. Bitossi, G. Bergmann, P. A. Altin, Antonios Kontos, S. Walsh, J. G. Bartlett, Márton Tápai, P.H. Nguyen, Junwei Cao, Y. Boetzel, A. Samajdar, K. Wette, F. Thies, John J. Oh, E. A. M. Muniz, Riccardo Ciolfi, Peter T. H. Pang, B. W. Schulte, L. Xiao, F. Ricci, C. Affeldt, R. Goetz, D. C. Vander-Hyde, C. Adams, A. A. Ciobanu, B. Mours, Mandar Patil, Abhirup Ghosh, Liam Cunningham, Archana Pai, F. Paoletti, Z. B. Etienne, Tristan Briant, P. Ruggi, P. Fulda, S. H. Huttner, A. Mullavey, T. J. N. Nelson, Peter Aufmuth, Gregorio Carullo, R. M. Blair, D. Sigg, T. Di Girolamo, S. W. Ballmer, D. M. Shoemaker, Hua Wang, L. Sun, S. R. P. Mohapatra, J. D. Lough, G. Giordano, K. Toland, D. J. Hofman, M. Punturo, Slawomir Gras, S. W. S. Ng, G. Moreno, S. Kumar, C. Buy, Callum Dale Booth, A. M. Sintes, Andrew Melatos, M. Lorenzini, A. Masserot, S. E. Barclay, J. L. Willis, J. McIver, J. H. Briggs, Mark Hannam, Ofek Birnholtz, S. Ghosh, László Á. Gergely, D. M. Wysocki, A. Macquet, B. Lantz, Daichi Tsuna, R. D. Kennedy, José A. Font, N. Singh, Eric Howell, S. Leavey, Chandra Kant Mishra, R. Bhandare, Piotr Jaranowski, K. Mogushi, N. Bode, D. George, Dániel Barta, R. K. Lanza, P. Dupej, Eric B. Flynn, B. Gateley, Aaron Buikema, R. W. L. Jones, C. C. Wipf, E. J. King, A. Strunk, N. Kijbunchoo, Sheelu Abraham, M. J. Cowart, Hai-Ping Cheng, A. Iess, L. K. Nuttall, S. T. Countryman, Surabhi Sachdev, Christopher J. Moore, S. Biscoveanu, Antoni Ramos-Buades, V. V. Frolov, S. Mitra, Xiaohui Fan, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, A. D. Viets, D. Meacher, D. Tuyenbayev, Kevin Barkett, I. Dorrington, I. Di Palma, R. Kirchhoff, B. L. Pearlstone, Kendall Ackley, R. K. Nayak, H. Y. Chia, F. Magaña-Sandoval, A. Allocca, M. F. Carney, Ajay Kumar, Jörg Hennig, Charalampos Markakis, R. Pedurand, Benno Willke, A. Grado, T. Sadecki, W. Ren, S. Grunewald, R. Prasanna, R. L. Ward, P. J. Sutton, Alyssa Garcia, J. H. Romie, P. J. King, J. T. Whelan, K. H. Lai, S. G. Crowder, J. Feicht, Joey Shapiro Key, J. R. Sanders, M. Bawaj, M. M. Hanke, S. B. Anderson, M. R. Ganija, S. Ponrathnam, S. Karki, D. Verkindt, O. Puncken, M. B. Shaner, S. B. Coughlin, A. Neunzert, P.-F. Cohadon, M. Heurs, Reed Essick, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, F. Frasconi, T. Hardwick, D. Steinmeyer, F. Travasso, Michał Bejger, M. Standke, M. Croquette, A. Effler, J. Jiang, A. Perreca, G. Gemme, M. Drago, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Zhihui Du, A. Parida, S. S. Eikenberry, K. E. Ramirez, S. Barnum, Ryan Lynch, D. C. Williams, Sung-Po Chao, R. De Rosa, Kwan-Lok Li, D. Passuello, I. Nardecchia, A. Cirone, Hiroyuki Ohta, Robert J. McCarthy, Tim Dietrich, Jennifer Watchi, Sergio Gaudio, C. J. Richardson, J. Healy, V. Kringel, A. M. Holgado, R. Macas, G. Billingsley, S. Macfoy, N. Mukund, L. R. Cominsky, R. Gustafson, Linqing Wen, R. Flaminio, B. A. Boom, A. M. Sergeev, B. Pang, Z. Tornasi, P. Kumar, S. Kandhasamy, M. Fishbach, B. Sorazu, A. Kutynia, Paul T. Baker, A. K. Lenon, S. Mastrogiovanni, M. Pedraza, F. Cavalier, M. Fitz-Axen, Marcus E. Lower, J. S. Kissel, Hartmut Grote, S. Doravari, A. Singhal, Alena Ananyeva, Odylio D. Aguiar, I. W. Martin, Andrea Chincarini, A. K. Zadrożny, T. Z. Summerscales, Leo Tsukada, E. Z. Hamilton, S. A. Usman, Roman Schnabel, J. E. Brau, V. Boschi, M. van Beuzekom, R. Tso, Jonathan Richardson, L. Mereni, G. Losurdo, R. Metzdorff, M. C. Milovich-Goff, J. L. Wright, Patrick M. Koch, S. Antier, S. Banagiri, Alessandra Corsi, S. Raja, S. E. Strigin, H. S. Chen, S. Husa, S. Bose, J. Zweizig, V. Germain, J. Steinlechner, C. Cahillane, V. Gayathri, H. Fair, D. H. Shoemaker, P. Brockill, R. L. Savage, A. S. Bell, Hyun Lee, J. Calderón Bustillo, Edward K. Porter, C. Messenger, M. J. Yap, C. Palomba, S. Ascenzi, S. Privitera, M. S. Shahriar, Lee McCuller, T. Bulik, T. D. Abbott, G. Cagnoli, Devon S. Johnson, C. Horst, Alberto Vecchio, Geoffrey Mo, J. M. Fishner, M. Montani, H. J. Bulten, Geoffrey Lovelace, T. Mistry, G. Rutins, Graham Woan, M. H. Wimmer, M. Constancio, D. Rosińska, A. A. van Veggel, Richard Gray, Efim A. Khazanov, G. Ballardin, Moritz Mehmet, Kiran Prasai, Alessandra Buonanno, C.-J. Haster, Gabrielle Allen, J.-M. Isac, F. Marion, N. Leroy, Nancy Aggarwal, Zahoor Ali Khan, M. Phelps, S. Babak, Alexander C. Jenkins, Xie Chen, A. Markowitz, S. Vitale, G. Dálya, M. Laxen, Anchal Gupta, F. Y. Khalili, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, F. J. Hayes, Jacob Scheuer, B. Bécsy, M. Kasprzack, Bala R. Iyer, S. S. Y. Chua, S. McCormick, C. Casentini, G. Wang, L. Matone, Vuk Mandic, Neil J. Cornish, M. J. Szczepańczyk, Denis Martynov, Marco Bazzan, F-L. Lin, D. J. McManus, C. Ingram, L. Pinard, B. R. Hall, Héctor Estellés, N. Letendre, Alec Mishkin, R. Cavalieri, I. Dave, C. Talbot, E. J. Daw, Maurizio Canepa, Antonio Marquina, Rosa Poggiani, V. Frey, A. K. Mehta, E. K. Wessel, S. Farinon, P. Raffai, T. L. Lam, Alessandro Longo, Richard J. Oram, François Bondu, F. Badaracco, Daniel E. Holz, B. J. J. Slagmolen, B. Patricelli, D. S. Wu, Margaret Millhouse, N. Sennett, Patrick Godwin, K. L. Dooley, Marta Colleoni, J. A. Giaime, L. Wallace, A. Królak, R. Frey, Joseph Smith, S. Brunett, D. Barker, A. Bisht, Maher Yazback, Y. K. Lecoeuche, G. M. Harry, K. Venkateswara, R. Cotesta, T. Etzel, J. B. Kanner, Robert Stone, Alessandro Nagar, J. C. Barayoga, A. Dmitriev, A. R. Williamson, Albrecht Rüdiger, Xing-Jiang Zhu, R. A. Eisenstein, Jishnu Suresh, Federico Ferrini, E. L. Merilh, N. Koper, Sebastian Steinlechner, A. Pasqualetti, M. Tse, D. M. Macleod, B. L. Swinkels, L. Glover, Vivishek Sudhir, V. Tiwari, Yann Bouffanais, Lijing Shao, G. Vajente, S. M. Gaebel, A. K. Srivastava, A. E. Pace, E. Schreiber, A. Basti, Ryan N. Lang, M. Rakhmanov, G. Pagano, G. D. Meadors, J. Eichholz, Li Ju, J.-P. Coulon, E. A. Chase, Z. Frei, Sofia Suvorova, T. Zelenova, D. H. Reitze, S. Caride, A. F. Brooks, P. J. Quinonez, J.-D. Fournier, Riccardo Bassiri, Magnus Manske, M. C. Araya, Srishti Tiwari, C. Lazzaro, Philip F. Hopkins, Leo Singer, Patricia Schmidt, V. Brisson, M. Obergaulinger, E. Maros, L. Trozzo, S. Katsanevas, I. Fiori, T. A. Ferreira, K. D. Giardina, J. K. Wofford, P. Leaci, P. Booker, K. W. Chung, S. Kaufer, Shawn Rosofsky, Haocun Yu, Archisman Ghosh, A. P. Lundgren, M. A. Page, Hongyu Shen, D. C. Coyne, K. Izumi, E. Cesarini, S. D. Linker, R. Robie, Mark A. Scheel, M. Fletcher, B. Hughey, Albert Lazzarini, S. G. Gaonkar, Jimin George, M. Sieniawska, K. Chakravarti, Fabio Marchesoni, P. Hello, Haixing Miao, Y. R. Chen, Samaya Nissanke, M. A. Bizouard, B. K. Berger, Ken K. Y. Ng, A. Hreibi, F. Clara, Alessandro Bertolini, Achamveedu Gopakumar, S. L. Danilishin, G. Bogaert, J. J. Bero, Manuela Rizzo, R. Taylor, Daniel A. Shaddock, Brittany Kamai, Rainer Weiss, G. Venugopalan, J. C. Driggers, D.B. DeBra, C. V. Kalaghatgi, J. Hanson, C. Whittle, Kyungmin Kim, B. O'Reilly, P. Gruning, K. Siellez, B. F. Schutz, N. V. Krishnendu, J. Derby, K. A. Thorne, M. Was, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, J. S. Lange, B. Irwin, M. C. Tringali, A. C. Green, Andrew Matas, J. Hanks, Fausto Acernese, C. Gray, G. H. Ogin, T. J. Shaffer, A. Ain, C. Fee, R. J. Trudeau, J. Birch, S. Bae, E. Coccia, C. S. Unnikrishnan, B. U. Gadre, W. M. Farr, B. C. Pant, J.-G. Ducoin, M. Eisenmann, R. C. Walet, Fangchen Feng, S. E. Gossan, M. Boer, Shubhanshu Tiwari, M. E. Zucker, C. Graef, B. A. Weaver, J. G. Rollins, Lindsay DeMarchi, L.-W. Wei, V. P. Mitrofanov, Lisa Barsotti, Anirban Dasgupta, L. Milano, W. Del Pozzo, Hang Yu, R. J. G. Jonker, H. Heitmann, M. A. Aloy, J. S. Areeda, K. A. Santiago, A. Gennai, Rahul Kumar, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Kris Ryan, E. A. Quintero, I. Belahcene, John Worden, A. S. Sengupta, H. W. Lee, P. Couvares, H. Vocca, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, G. Vedovato, L. E. H. Datrier, D. B. Kozak, C. Messick, Imre Bartos, D. Stocks, M. Mantovani, Francesco Pannarale, C. Vorvick, L. Sammut, David Blair, S. Koley, Jan Harms, David E. McClelland, Lionel London, B. Idzkowski, V. Loriette, V. Skliris, G. Kang, A. Pal-Singh, A. Rocchi, B. B. Lane, C. Cocchieri, M. Khursheed, N. V. Keerthana, M.L. Walker, B. Goncharov, R. Birney, M. Kinley-Hanlon, G. Koekoek, F. Brighenti, D. Ugolini, P. Clearwater, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, M. Lormand, V. Quetschke, Martin M. Fejer, R. Bork, S. Ghonge, K. AultONeal, M. Hulko, G. D. O'Dea, E. Cuoco, Bruno Giacomazzo, V. Avendano, P. G. Murray, D. J. Stops, Fabien Kéfélian, J. S. H. Lee, T. Dal Canton, Felix Wellmann, J. Warner, R. Passaquieti, X. Liu, R. Mittleman, S. D'Antonio, Binlei Ding, D. Pascucci, C. C. Yancey, Nelson Christensen, K. Bossie, C. Rajan, M. Agathos, S. Meshkov, Seog Oh, A. Cumming, G. A. Prodi, S. M. Scott, L. van der Schaaf, S. A. Pai, E. Genin, J. Zhang, Jay D. Tasson, M. Landry, R. DeSalvo, L. Di Fiore, F. Baldaccini, L. F. Ortega, Felice Sorrentino, A. Chiummo, W. G. Anderson, J. H. Hough, P. W. F. Forsyth, S. R. Thondapu, J. R. Palamos, D. Moraru, O. V. Palashov, Sean T. McWilliams, F. Piergiovanni, G. Cella, F.L. Linde, N. Sanchis-Gual, N. Radulescu, N. A. Robertson, Giuseppe Intini, D. Moffa, Giacomo Ciani, K. Rao, J. J. McCann, B. P. Abbott, Michele Zanolin, D. W. Yeeles, D. Chatterjee, T. J. Slaven-Blair, S. ShyamSundar, C. Stachie, T. J. Massinger, T. Vo, E. K. Gustafson, V. Kalogera, C. De Rossi, C. Austin, J. Bosveld, M. Barsuglia, Y. Levin, R. J. E. Smith, Luca Gammaitoni, Sebastien Biscans, A. Trovato, M. Davier, Jordan Camp, F. Vetrano, S. Vass, J. K. Blackburn, E. Chassande-Mottin, Sylvain Marsat, Sheila Rowan, R. Coyne, Fabrice Matichard, G. D. Hammond, Javed Rana, S. E. Dwyer, R. M. Magee, David Keitel, L. Zhang, J. H. Klika, L. Rolland, Christopher P. L. Berry, K. S. Phukon, S. J. Cooper, A. Lartaux-Vollard, N. Man, Z. Márka, K. A. Strain, M. K. M. Bader, O. Chaibi, P. Thomas, M. Arène, M. Pürrer, M. Merzougui, Matthew Evans, T. D. Creighton, R. Inta, K. Haughian, L. Kuo, H. Yamamoto, E. Capocasa, M. Chan, A. Schönbeck, B. Rajbhandari, S. Fairhurst, J. Prasad, S. Frasca, S. Klimenko, Kai Staats, L. Conti, M. Chaturvedi, Carl Blair, M. Thomas, H. Vahlbruch, J. C. Mills, K. Riles, J. Y. Vinet, H. Middleton, D. Talukder, Rob Evans, I. W. Harry, Z. A. Warden, R. Gouaty, V. Raymond, M. Weinert, H. A. G. Gabbard, F. Fidecaro, G. M. Guidi, Steven Bloemen, N. A. Lockerbie, Michael Steinke, Arnold Miller, H. N. Isa, Carlos O. Lousto, S. Sitmukhambetov, C. North, Thomas Dent, P. Corban, P. Ajith, A. J.R. Weinstein, M. Muratore, M. C. Heintze, F. Carbognani, E. Katsavounidis, Xiuling Li, H. Radkins, A. Bozzi, M. Brinkmann, M. C. Díaz, D. Huet, David Coward, Mikhail L. Gorodetsky, R. Bonnand, Mariana Fazio, Olivier Minazzoli, M. Razzano, R. Colgan, F. Martelli, Karan Jani, R. Shink, Pradeep Kumar Sharma, L. Rei, Huang-Wei Pan, Gijs Nelemans, E. D. Hall, Turlough P. Downes, K. Holt, Chunglee Kim, V. Sandberg, Karsten Danzmann, Koh Ueno, A. W. Jones, R. De Pietri, Rocco Romano, John D. Scott, R. A. Mercer, S. Ossokine, Jinsook Kim, C. K. Cheong, S. Stevenson, F. Aubin, G. Stratta, Jesper Munch, D. Buskulic, M. De Laurentis, C-H. Lee, Andreas Freise, Paul D. Lasky, J. W. Westhouse, Matthew Pitkin, D. Cohen, M. Wade, M. Granata, Minchuan Zhou, K. S. Karvinen, S. Mukherjee, T. M. Evans, P. B. Covas, V. Kondrashov, Arunava Mukherjee, M. C. Edwards, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, Alexander Urban, B. D. Cheeseboro, G. Cerretani, P. J. Easter, Christian Pedersen, Y. Minenkov, P. Bacon, A. Viceré, T. Huynh-Dinh, M. Cabero, H. Cao, D. J. Vine, W. Z. Korth, J. C. Bayley, Marc Favata, L. E. Wade, V. J. Roma, H. Wittel, M. Deenadayalan, A. P. Spencer, D. D. Brown, F. Di Renzo, Torrey Cullen, Anthony A. Amato, N. van Bakel, G. Valdes, David Jones, Marco Cavaglia, K. Kawabe, S. G. Schwalbe, J. Z. Wang, R. G. Ormiston, S. M. Aston, Michael W. Coughlin, A. W. Heptonstall, Pablo Cerdá-Durán, Peter R. Saulson, V. Sequino, I. Khan, R. Abbott, Terry G. McRae, L. G. Prokhorov, J. R. Gair, Samuel Deléglise, A. Fernandez-Galiana, A. L. Stuver, J. P. Zendri, C. Pankow, P. M. Meyers, F. Cipriano, Paul J. Groot, M. Zevin, S. Appert, Y. Setyawati, A. Giazotto, P. Shawhan, I. Ferrante, F. J. Raab, Rico K. L. Lo, P. Charlton, Kejia Lee, S. C. Tait, Yongjung Kim, Peter Weßels, I. A. Bilenko, L. Haegel, John Veitch, J. Lehmann, N. Arnaud, Vijay Varma, M. MacInnis, S. Caudill, Marco Romanelli, P. Rapagnani, David J. Ottaway, A. Paoli, W. Parker, P. Popolizio, E. J. Sanchez, John A. Clark, Ben Farr, W. S. Kim, Christophe Collette, Ho-Gyu Lee, C. J. Perez, B. D. O'Brien, C. Bradaschia, P. Oppermann, M. Di Giovanni, Ik Siong Heng, S. Márka, V. Mangano, A. L. Miller, P. Astone, Mairi Sakellariadou, G. Pillant, S. H. R. Yuen, O. de Varona, Keith Rose, Tenglin Li, D. Estevez, V. Fafone, D. Mukherjee, A. Grant, A. Pele, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, Sebastian Khan, B. C. Barish, O. J. Piccinni, E. Bonilla, Irina Kowalska, M. Tonelli, Koya Arai, R. Quitzow-James, N. N. Janthalur, B. Sassolas, Fabrizio Barone, J. Betzwieser, E. Goetz, Tarun Souradeep, S. Penn, V. B. Adya, G. L. Mansell, V. Dattilo, Edwin J. Son, Stefan Hild, Y. Ma, A. Brillet, M. Vardaro, F. Robinet, Antoine Heidmann, António Alves da Silva, Q. Chu, D. Töyrä, H. Overmier, H. Qi, S. V. Angelova, L. Magaña Zertuche, Lili Yang, M. Branchesi, Zefeng Zhou, D. Y. T. Pong, E. Massera, Edward Seidel, O. E. S. Sauter, J. Woehler, S. Chung, N. Mazumder, A. Avila-Alvarez, K. Gill, Liam Dunn, Walter Winkler, A. S. Markosyan, Harald Lück, M. Cho, N. A. Holland, G. Gaur, S. C. McGuire, J. F. Read, S. Di Pace, K. Haris, D. Sellers, N. Demos, I. Maksimovic, G. Hemming, J. Meidam, Jeff R. Powell, S. M. Koehlenbeck, Riccardo Sturani, D. Hoak, D. Sentenac, Patrick Brady, M. Haney, T. A. Callister, H. S. Cho, William Moran, H. K. Gulati, Rahul Kashyap, Alejandro Torres-Forné, J. Neilson, B. D. Lackey, P. Grassia, Z. Doctor, D. M. Wilken, O. A. Hannuksela, Andrea Taracchini, P. Puppo, S. J. Kapadia, E. A. Huerta, C. L. Romel, F. Garufi, Surendra Nadh Somala, Tyson Littenberg, D. Fiorucci, A. K. Prajapati, A. R. Wade, G. Kuehn, C. M. Mow-Lowry, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, L. Aiello, M. Gosselin, R. Green, E. E. Cowan, B. F. Whiting, J. Casanueva Diaz, P. Schale, C. Van Den Broeck, E. Sowell, T. Zhang, Thibaut Jacqmin, T. Regimbau, C. I. Torrie, M. Saleem, M. Oliver, Douglas Davis, Geraint Pratten, D. Bersanetti, G. Ashton, J. V. van Heijningen, Yu Wang, Francisco Hernandez Vivanco, Eric Thrane, C. Michel, T. D. Knowles, F. Ohme, F. Cleva, M. P. Ross, T. B. Edo, M. Pichot, Maximiliano Isi, E. M. Gretarsson, Ying Guo, D. Beniwal, Peter Fritschel, Wenxiao Wang, M. Masso-Reid, K. C. Cannon, S. Kwang, L. E. Sanchez, Enrico Calloni, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, L. Salconi, C. A. Costa, Laura Cadonati, D. A. Steer, L. Kleybolte, Chad Hanna, A. Bramley, C. Kimball, J. Oberling, M. Pirello, J. Bidler, F. Nocera, C. Zhao, Milan Gupta, G. Mendell, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES), IHES, LIGO Scientific, VIRGO, Abbott, B. 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L., Warden, Z. A., Warner, J., Was, M., Watchi, J., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Wessel, E. K., Wessels, P., Westhouse, J. W., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wilken, D. M., Williams, D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, D. S., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, L., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yang, L., Yap, M. J., Yazback, M., Yeeles, D. W., Yu, H., Yuen, S. H. R., Yvert, M., Zadrozny, A. K., Zanolin, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, T., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. E., Zweizig, J., Dunn, L. M., Suvorova, S., Evans, R. J., and Moran, W.

Subjects
Physics, data analysis method, erratum, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Scorpius X-1, LIGO, gravitational radiation, gravitational radiation: direct detection, 01 natural sciences, gravitational radiation detector, Theoretical physics, cosmic rays, binary: spin, gravitational radiation: emission, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Experiments in gravity, X-ray: binary, Hidden Markov model, numerical calculations, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, cosmology
Abstract

International audience; We present results from a semicoherent search for continuous gravitational waves from the low-mass x-ray binary Scorpius X-1, using a hidden Markov model (HMM) to track spin wandering. This search improves on previous HMM-based searches of LIGO data by using an improved frequency domain matched filter, the J-statistic, and by analyzing data from Advanced LIGO’s second observing run. In the frequency range searched, from 60 to 650 Hz, we find no evidence of gravitational radiation. At 194.6 Hz, the most sensitive search frequency, we report an upper limit on gravitational wave strain (at 95% confidence) of h095%=3.47×10-25 when marginalizing over source inclination angle. This is the most sensitive search for Scorpius X-1, to date, that is specifically designed to be robust in the presence of spin wandering.

Published
2021

27. Electrochemically Triggered Chain Reactions for the Conversion of Furan Derivatives

Author

Jia Niu, Dunwei Wang, Nicholas Dulock, Cangjie Yang, Alinda Dersjant, Fredrik Haeffner, Yanyan Zhao, Da He, Jing Jin, Rong Chen, Qi Dong, and Zefeng Zhou

Subjects
Chain propagation, 010405 organic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Jet fuel, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Furan, Yield (chemistry), Chain reaction, Faraday efficiency
Abstract

We report an electrochemical method for coupling biomass-derived C5/C6 compounds to value-added fuel precursors. Using only 2 % of equivalent charges, 2-methylfuran (2-MF) was oxidized to yield a cation radical, which readily reacted with 3-hexene-2,5-dione, a derivate of 2,5-dimethylfuran, to produce 3-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)hexane-2,5-dione. The product was converted to 4-ethylnonane (a component of biodiesel/jet fuel) in a single step in excellent yield. Importantly, the reaction was not sensitive to oxygen, and a trace amount of water was found to promote the reaction. Detailed mechanistic studies confirmed the proposed reaction pathways. Key to the mechanism is the radical generation that is enabled by electrochemistry. The radical is regenerated at the end of a reaction cycle to ensure chain propagation for an average of ca. 47 times, resulting in an apparent Faradaic efficiency of 4700 %.

Published
2020

28. Penetrometer testing in a calcareous silt to explore changes in soil strength

Author

Shiao Huey Chow, Zefeng Zhou, Conleth O'Loughlin, David White, and Mark Randolph

Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Centrifuge, Range (biology), 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Silt, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Penetrometer, law.invention, law, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, Geotechnical engineering, Soil strength, Calcareous, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract

This paper describes a centrifuge study using a range of penetrometer tests (T-bar, piezocone and free-fall piezocone) to explore changes in strength of reconstituted normally-consolidated natural calcareous silt. Various penetrometer test procedures were applied to measure the penetration resistance in this sample. The penetrometer test procedures included monotonic, cyclic and twitch-type movements as well as pauses for pore pressure dissipation. These mobilised combinations of partial or full remoulding, strain softening, consolidation and viscous rate effects. The penetrometer resistance – representing a proxy for strength – reduced by a factor of 4.1 from drained to undrained conditions (at the lowest fully undrained penetration rate). In undrained conditions, viscous enhancement of the penetration resistance raised the tip and shaft resistance in free fall piezocone tests by ∼2.8 and ∼3.6 times respectively. The ‘restart’ resistance immediately after the dissipation tests was ∼2.5 times higher than the resistance prior to dissipation, giving an indication of consolidation-induced strength gain. The ‘twitch’ test (using sequential steps decreasing the velocity) captured drainage and viscous rate effects, and also gave a ‘restart’ resistance that showed even greater consolidation effects than from a dissipation test. Overall, the different penetrometer test types and procedures measured resistances in the same soil sample that varied by a factor exceeding 20 from highest to lowest, resulting from different penetration rates and history, due to strain rate, strain level (or remoulding), and consolidation. An expression for the monotonic penetration resistance combining drainage and viscous rate effects was fitted to the response of all tests, spanning >7 orders of magnitude in strain rate.

Published
2020

29. The changing strength of carbonate silt: parallel penetrometer and foundation tests with cyclic loading and reconsolidation periods

Author

Zefeng Zhou, David White, and Conleth O'Loughlin

Subjects
Centrifuge, Foundation (engineering), Silt, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Penetrometer, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Cyclic loading, Carbonate, Geotechnical engineering, Geology, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

This paper describes a centrifuge study using novel penetrometer tests (T-bar and piezoball) and model foundation tests to explore through-life changes in the strength of a reconstituted natural carbonate silt. The test procedures include episodic cyclic loading, which involves intervals of pore pressure dissipation between cyclic packets. These loads and the associated remoulding and reconsolidation cause significant changes in the soil strength and foundation capacity. Soil strength changes from penetrometer tests differed by a factor of 15 from the fully remoulded strength to a limiting upper value after long-term cyclic loading and reconsolidation. For the model foundation tests, the foundation capacity of a surface foundation and a deep-embedded plate were studied. The soil strength interpreted from the measured foundation capacity varied by a factor of up to three due to episodes of loading and consolidation, with an associated order of magnitude increase in the coefficient of consolidation. The results show a remarkable rise in soil strength over the loading events and provide a potential link between changes in soil strength observed in penetrometer tests and the capacity of foundations, allowing the effects of cyclic loading and consolidation to be predicted.

Published
2020

30. An effective stress analysis for predicting the evolution of SCR–seabed stiffness accounting for consolidation

Author

Conleth O'Loughlin, David White, and Zefeng Zhou

Subjects
Consolidation (soil), Effective stress, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Stiffness, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 0201 civil engineering, Soil structure interaction, Offshore geotechnical engineering, Catenary, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), medicine, Environmental science, Geotechnical engineering, medicine.symptom, Seabed, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract

Steel catenary risers (SCRs) are an efficient solution to transfer hydrocarbons from deep-water seabeds to floating facilities. SCR design requires an assessment of the fatigue life in the touchdown zone, where the riser interacts with the seabed, which relies on reliable estimates of the SCR–seabed stiffness over the design life. Current models for SCR–seabed stiffness consider only undrained conditions, neglecting the development and dissipation of excess pore pressures that occur over the life of the SCR. This consolidation process alters the seabed strength and consequently the SCR–seabed stiffness. This paper summarises experimental data that show that long-term cyclic vertical motion of an SCR at the touchdown zone leads to a reduction in seabed strength due to remoulding and water entrainment, but that this degradation is eclipsed by the regain in soil strength during consolidation. The main focus of this paper is on prediction of the temporal changes in seabed strength and stiffness due to long-term cyclic shearing and consolidation, to support calculations of SCR–seabed interaction. The predictions are obtained using a framework that considers the change in effective stress and hence soil strength using critical state concepts, and that considers the soil domain as a one-dimensional column of elements. The merit of the model is assessed by way of simulations of SCR centrifuge model tests with over 3000 cycles of repeated undrained vertical cycles in normally consolidated kaolin clay. Comparisons of the simulated and measured profiles of SCR penetration resistance reveal that the model can capture accurately the observed changes in SCR–seabed stiffness. Example simulations show the merit of the model as a tool to assess the timescale in field conditions over which this order of magnitude change in seabed stiffness occurs. It is concluded that current design practice may underestimate the seabed stiffness significantly, but the new approach allows rapid checking of this for particular combinations of SCR and soil conditions.

Published
2020

31. Load-controlled cyclic T-bar tests: A new method to assess effects of cyclic loading and consolidation

Author

David White, Conleth O'Loughlin, Zefeng Zhou, and Sam Stanier

Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Materials science, Consolidation (soil), 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Penetrometer, law.invention, law, Offshore geotechnical engineering, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Cyclic loading, Geotechnical engineering, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract

Full-flow T-bar and ball penetrometer tests are often used to measure intact and remoulded soil strengths, with the latter determined after several large-amplitude displacement cycles. In offshore design, the remoulded soil strength is often the governing design parameter during installation of subsea infrastructure, while a ‘cyclic strength’ applies for the less severe operational cyclic loading. This paper utilises T-bar penetrometer tests to measure both remoulded and cyclic strengths, where the latter is determined by way of a new test protocol involving cycles between load rather than displacement limits. The tests use kaolin clay and a reconstituted carbonate silt and involve three cyclic phases with intervening consolidation periods. The results demonstrate the important and beneficial role of consolidation, with the loss in strength due to remoulding sometimes surpassed by the strength recovery from consolidation. The most significant gains in strength, to 2·5 times the initial value, were measured in the load-controlled cyclic tests. These data demonstrate a novel way to characterise undrained cyclic strength, taking advantage of consolidation to reduce conservatism.

Published
2020

32. Design considerations of drag anchors in cohesive soil for floating facilities in the South China sea

Author

Weiguo Zhang, Zefeng Zhou, Hao Jin, Dhruba Lal Pradhan, and Peng Wang

Subjects
Metocean, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Design specification, Ocean Engineering, Design strategy, Mooring, Civil engineering, Renewable energy, ComputingMilieux_GENERAL, Mechanics of Materials, Drag, Environmental science, General Materials Science, Submarine pipeline, China, business
Abstract

Deep-sea drag anchor technology is an efficient solution for mooring offshore floating facilities. It has been widely adopted for temporary oil & gas engineering vessels in China. This paper presents a design strategy of drag anchors in cohesive soils for offshore floating facilities in the South China Sea. The design considerations and challenges encountered in practice are outlined, and technical solutions for the anchor design from the installation, through severe annual typhoons, to the end of design life are presented. The primary aims of the paper are to provide design specification of the drag anchor, considering geotechnical and metocean characteristics in the South China Sea, in a line with the international design guidelines, as well as to highlight its promising application in both conventional and renewable sectors in the South China Sea.

Published
2022

33. An Efficient Configuration Scheme of OPC UA TSN in Industrial Internet

Author

Guochu Shou and Zefeng Zhou

Subjects
Scheme (programming language), Computer science, business.industry, Reliability (computer networking), 010401 analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Time sensitive networking, Industrial Internet, Latency (engineering), 0210 nano-technology, business, computer, computer.programming_language, Computer network
Abstract

TSN plays an important role in industrial Internet due to its bounded low latency and high reliability. In order to have TSN worked in practical applications, it is urgent to study the configuration of TSN. Based on the standard of IEEE 802.1 Qcc, we propose a configuration scheme of OPC UA TSN, describe the functionality and procedure of the scheme in detail. We verify that our configuration scheme can satisfy the bounded delay requests of periodic time-sensitive data flows.

Published
2019

34. An effective stress framework for estimating penetration resistance accounting for changes in soil strength from maintained load, remoulding and reconsolidation

Author

Conleth O'Loughlin, Zefeng Zhou, and David White

Subjects
Consolidation (soil), Effective stress, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Penetration (firestop), Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 0201 civil engineering, Soil structure interaction, Offshore geotechnical engineering, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, Cyclic loading, Geotechnical engineering, Soil strength, Memory consolidation, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract

Some offshore foundations are subjected to intermittent episodes of remoulding and reconsolidation during installation and operational processes. The maintained and cyclic loads, and subsequent reconsolidation processes, cause changes in the geotechnical capacity, particularly in soft clays. This changing capacity affects the in-service behaviour, including changes to the safety margin, the extraction resistance, the stiffness and structural fatigue rates and also the overall system reliability. This paper provides a new analysis framework to capture these effects, based on estimation of the changing soil strength. The framework is developed using critical state concepts in the effective stress domain, and by discretising the soil domain as a one-dimensional column of soil elements. This framework is designed as the simplest basis on which to capture spatially varying changes in strength due to maintained and cyclic loads, and the associated remoulding and reconsolidation processes. The framework can be used to interpret cyclic penetrometer tests, as well as foundation behaviour. This provides a basis for the approach to be used in design, by scaling directly from penetrometer tests to foundation behaviour. Centrifuge tests are used to illustrate the performance of this approach. The penetration resistance during cyclic T-bar penetrometer tests and spudcan footing installation with periods of maintained loading and consolidation is accurately captured. The framework therefore provides a basis to predict the significant changes in penetration resistance caused by changing soil strength, and can bridge between in situ penetrometer tests and design assessments of soil–structure interaction.

Published
2019

35. A method to predict the torsional resistance of suction caisson with anti-rotation fins in clay

Author

Yue Yan, Dengfeng Fu, Dhruba Lal Pradhan, Zefeng Zhou, and Jørn Hennig

Subjects
Fin, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Torsion (mechanics), 020101 civil engineering, Ocean Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, 0201 civil engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Caisson, General Materials Science, Soil strength, Submarine pipeline, business, Geology, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract

Suction caisson foundations have been increasingly employed as a primary solution to support the offshore fixed- or mobile-structures. Due to harsh environment and complex force transferring of offshore structures, they are still being developed as to satisfy increasing requirements in strict working scenarios. One of emerging challenges is a torsion-governing failure, which has been observed in the oil and gas industry (i.e. significant multiple-inline-force-induced torsion) and in the renewable energy field (i.e. non-coplanar tensile force induced torsion). This paper introduces a novel suction caisson foundation, with anti-rotational fins assembled on the outer skin of caisson. By a comprehensive numerical study, the evolution from local to global failure as the fin numbers from single to multiple, is examined in the clayey soil deposit with effects of soil strength heterogeneity, fins dimension, installation process and foundation-soil interface considered. Based on these, a set of methods to estimate the ultimate torsional capacity of such novel caisson is proposed, which starts from the gain in capacity for a single fin, and evaluate the changes of gains in capacity as fin numbers, then identify the optimised anti-rotational capacity. Finally, three key parameters (i.e. the required fin numbers, the available anti-rotational capacity and the optimised anti-rotational capacity) with some critical considerations, recommendations and implications have been concluded for design practice.

Published
2021

36. Analysis of walking rate for subsea pipelines neighbouring the pipeline end terminations/pipeline end manifolds

Author

Shuwang Yan, Zefeng Zhou, Zhaohui Hong, Yue Yan, Dengfeng Fu, and Wenbin Liu

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Computer simulation, Computer science, business.industry, Pipeline (computing), 020101 civil engineering, Ocean Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0201 civil engineering, Mechanism (engineering), Pipeline transport, 0103 physical sciences, Research studies, Boundary value problem, Sensitivity (control systems), business, Subsea
Abstract

Pipeline walking is a global axial movement caused by the asymmetric distribution of axial force along the pipeline during the repetitive operational loading cycle. The pipeline walking rate, increasing with the loading cycles, may lead to high stress thereby the failure of connectors at PLETs or PLEMs. Current research studies and design guidelines focused on free-end pipelines and neglected changes in the pipeline walking rate and axial resistance with effects of pipeline end structures. However, in practice, several pipelines are adjacent to PLETs or PLEMs, which potentially affect the pipeline walking and expansion behaviour thereby walking rate and axial displacement. This study analyses the walking phenomenon considering the effects of mobilisation of the resistance at the pipeline end structures and develops new analytical solutions for the present problem, in terms of different walking mechanism, maximum axial resistance Pmax, and positions of pipeline end structures. The analytical solutions are validated through numerical simulation results. The case study results indicate the axial resistance generated by PLETs/PLEMs can effectively mitigate pipeline walking rate compared with free-end pipeline walking. In particular, the influence of PLETs/PLEMs is investigated, highlighting the sensitivity of the pipeline walking to the end boundary conditions covering different design scenarios.

Published
2020

37. Modelling nonlinear time-dependent pipeline walking induced by SCR tension and downslope

Author

Yue Yan, Dengfeng Fu, Zefeng Zhou, Wenbin Liu, and Zhaohui Hong

Subjects
Downtime, Tension (physics), Pipeline (computing), 020101 civil engineering, Ocean Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0201 civil engineering, Pipeline transport, Nonlinear system, 0103 physical sciences, Catenary, Environmental science, Cooling down, Marine engineering, Subsea
Abstract

Subsea pipelines are important facilities in offshore oil and gas industry to transport High-Pressure and High-Temperature (HPHT) hydrocarbon. They are often exerted by cyclic thermal loading through the whole operational life, which may trigger asymmetry in the effective axial force (EAF) profile, leading to a global axial movement, defined as ‘pipeline walking’. It may cause the downtime and structural risks, since this directional accumulation in axial movement results in the overstressing of end connection, loss of tension in a steel catenary riser (SCR) and other issues in the field, therefore subsea pipeline design requires a reliable estimate of the global pipeline walking rate. Current design methods adopt a constant soil friction coefficient and ignore variations in soil-pipeline interaction with time during the heating up and cooling down processes. In reality, the overlooked changing soil friction is important, and may alter the pipeline walking behaviours. To achieve an accurate assessment of pipeline walking, this paper advances the conventional design practice, by introducing a time-dependent axial soil friction function, to examine the pipeline walking behaviour over the operational thermal cycles. A suite of time-dependent matrixes is provided to reveal the development of the expansion/contraction of the pipeline, the corresponding mobilised soil frictions and the EAF profile. The significant nonlinear EAF profile in response to the time-dependent soil friction is examined, and is used to well assess the accumulation in pipeline walking rate. The proposed analytical framework is applied into case studies to demonstrate its validity and applicability in practice.

Published
2019

38. Effects of strain softening on the penetration resistance of offshore bucket foundation in nonhomogeneous clay

Author

Yumin Lu, Zhong Xiao, Yue Yan, Dengfeng Fu, and Zefeng Zhou

Subjects
Centrifuge, Environmental Engineering, Deformation (mechanics), Breakwater, Ocean Engineering, Geotechnical engineering, Penetration (firestop), Softening, Turbine, Geology, Finite element method, Parametric statistics
Abstract

The concrete-made bucket foundations were employed as emerging solution to support the wind turbine or breakwater, where the relatively large thicknesses of skirts and the strain softening effect related to the soil sensitivity and ductility were necessary to be explicitly accounted for. However, few of current study concerned this topic. This paper therefore reported an extensive parametric investigation of penetrating behaviour for bucket foundation in nonhomogeneous clay to allow a better estimation of penetration resistance of bucket foundation. The three-dimensional (3D) large deformation finite element (LDFE) analysis model incorporating the effect of strain softening on soil strength was set up and validated by comparing to the published centrifuge data. Then the evolution of soil flow mechanism and the distribution of soil strength softening were examined with the soil plug generated inside skirt assessed. Based on the numerical results, a new analytical model was proposed to predict the penetration resistance of bucket foundation in clay accounting for a partially-remoulded condition.

Published
2019

39. Erratum: 'First Search for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars with Advanced LIGO' (2017, ApJ, 839, 12)

Author

M. Lee, G. Kang, M. Razzano, A. Pal-Singh, V. Kondrashov, A. Nitz, A. Hu, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Zoheyr Doctor, Karan Jani, F. Frasconi, R. Mittleman, J. De, Nelson Christensen, Gijs Nelemans, William Yam, L. Wallace, A. Królak, R. Frey, R. Williams, Y. Minenkov, M. Turconi, Jolien D. E. Creighton, R. Flaminio, T. Whelan, Adam A. Miller, Soumi De, G. Mendell, J. Trinastic, L. Kuo, E. Capocasa, K. Blackburn, A. Schönbeck, S. Brunett, M. Haney, H. Wittel, S. G. Schwalbe, T. A. Callister, N. Kijbunchoo, K. Holt, Chunglee Kim, V. Sandberg, B. Shapiro, D. Hall, Carsten Kramer, B. Hobbs, V. Dolique, Vincenzo Pierro, R. Kirchhoff, T. Theeg, M. Hu, M. Phelps, B. Day, A. Avila-Alvarez, K. Gill, Walter Winkler, Harald Lück, B. U. Gadre, Sebastien Biscans, J. Prasad, Reinhard Prix, J. Li, B. Eggenstein, Paul D. Lasky, Q. Chu, Jade Powell, A. Bisht, Marco Bazzan, H. Qi, M. Branchesi, Zefeng Zhou, S. Ma, M. Ast, O. E. S. Sauter, J. Woehler, M. Prijatelj, M. Cho, G. Gaur, A. Clark, B. Coughlin, Thanh Phuong Nguyen, S. Hu, R. L. Ward, G. Hemming, Alvaro-Miguel Fernandez Galiana, C. Mcguire, Steven Bloemen, K. Izumi, T. M. C. Abbott, L. Pinard, Odylio D. Aguiar, Matthew Pitkin, N. Ma, C. Baune, D. Ugolini, J. Eichholz, L. Schaaf, B. L. Pearlstone, Michael Thomas, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, V. Fafone, M. Bader, N. A. Lockerbie, J. Lang, C. C. Buchanan, László Gondán, P. Pfeiffer, S. Kim, A. Cumming, Federico Ferrini, G. Vajente, G. P. Newton, A. Bohe, M. Fyffe, E. Goetz, S. Penn, M. Lormand, M. C. Heintze, Blake Moore, Carlos O. Lousto, B. Braginsky, M. Wade, Kendall Ackley, M. Granata, F. Garufi, Gabriela Gonzalez, V. Dattilo, F. Carbognani, A. Bilenko, Minchuan Zhou, P. Popolizio, Koji Arai, M. Shoemaker, Tejinder Kaur, T. De, Stefan Hild, Y. Ma, A. Brillet, J. Schmidt, J. Ma, M. Vardaro, F. Robinet, P. Fulda, F. Baldaccini, J. Cho, S. Chu, T. Zhang, M. Wei, L. Stuver, B. Kanner, S. G. Crowder, B. Li, P. Ajith, D. Passuello, Andrew Lyne, R. Passaquieti, S. Ascenzi, J. Daw, J. King, M. Factourovich, T. Hardwick, D. Steinmeyer, Fabrizio Barone, Alessandro Bertolini, F. Travasso, A. Viceré, Michał Bejger, E. Katsavounidis, Yi Chen, S. E. Barclay, K. S. Karvinen, Ofek Birnholtz, J. Betzwieser, M. C. Araya, Antoine Heidmann, R. Corbitt, E. Rhoades, Thibaut Jacqmin, Lucas Guillemot, C. Messenger, M. J. Hart, A. Quintero, A. Chiummo, C. Lazzaro, Patricia Schmidt, V. Brisson, H. Radkins, Mairi Sakellariadou, C. De, J. Warner, S. Rabeling, Laleh Sadeghian, G. Gemme, M. Drago, Guenakh Mitselmakher, R. Wade, L. Miller, B. A. Boom, A. M. Sergeev, O. V. Palashov, F. Piergiovanni, K. Gustafson, R. Wei, Surabhi Sachdev, Christopher J. Moore, M. Scott, Michael L. Gorodetsky, Ryan Lynch, C. I. Torrie, S. Wu, N. Straniero, F. Ricci, V. Gayathri, V. V. Frolov, M. Poe, L. Ma, J. Lehmann, T. D. Creighton, Badri Krishnan, Chang-Hwan Lee, S. Leavey, G. Pillant, R. Morriss, F. Brand, M. C. Edwards, H. Heitmann, I. Ma, N. Leroy, M. Kasprzack, J. Howell, C. Affeldt, E. Schreiber, G. McIntyre, J. Bulten, Debnandini Mukherjee, Luciano Di Fiore, C. Whittle, A. Sawadsky, E. Chassande-Mottin, Douglas Davis, H. Fair, Andrea Taracchini, D. Bersanetti, S. Mirshekari, D. Töyrä, H. Overmier, Juan Antonio Aguilar Sanchez, J. E. Broida, D. Sellers, J. Meidam, Alessandro Corongiu, Riccardo Sturani, R. Ingram, B. Ma, C. Driggers, D. Hoak, Samuele Cortese, Yu Wang, J. Oram, M. Sintes, Piotr Jaranowski, B. Kozak, B. K. Berger, Fabien Kéfélian, J. H. Hough, L. Willis, P. Kumar, Michele Zanolin, Sheila Rowan, D. Sentenac, A. Bozzi, K. Ma, Roman Schnabel, J. E. Brau, T. Vo, R. Bonnand, K. E. Gushwa, F. Costa, M. Pürrer, Andrew Melatos, M. Lorenzini, S. Cho, F. Oh, O. Lebigot, Luca Gammaitoni, D. Hu, B. R. Hall, L. Re, Tenglin Li, M. Guidi, I. Kowalska, T. Sadecki, D. Fiorucci, G. Kuehn, W. Z. Korth, L. Rolland, N. Indik, M. Mohan, B. Kelley, K. A. Strain, K. Haughian, J. Re, S. Vinciguerra, John D. Scott, W. Pratt, S. Grunewald, C. Batch, Catherine M. McGrath, R. Taylor, R. Brady, Jon M. Miller, G. Billingsley, B. B. Miller, S. Doravari, B. Adya, A. K. Lenon, N. Isa, V. Kalogera, L. Urban, D. De, G. D. Hammond, Eric Thrane, P. Lundgren, G. Ballardin, A. Houston, C. Michel, Alena Ananyeva, R. A. Mercer, Todd Adams, O. J. Piccinni, P. J. Veitch, L. Aiello, N. Letendre, M. Gosselin, A. Gennai, Rahul Kumar, B. Lantz, Sarah Caudill, M. Rakhmanov, M. Davier, Rana X. Adhikari, A. Sheperd, T. Hart, R. Gair, F. Donovan, M. J. Yap, C. Palomba, S. Privitera, M. S. Shahriar, Christopher M. Biwer, A. Possenti, Roger Smith, F. Brooks, P. Vyatchanin, Alberto Vecchio, R. Quitzow-James, R. Day, Zhihui Du, A. Prodi, C. Buy, S. Frasca, M. Constancio, Duncan A. Brown, John Worden, M. Oliver, P. Ast, P. Couvares, Hartmut Grote, Tobias Westphal, C. Casentini, Sebastian Khan, L. Prokhorov, B. D. Cheeseboro, G. Cerretani, Anna-Maria A. van Veggel, M. Rizzo, V. Predoi, David E. McClelland, E. E. Cowan, T. Re, B. Klein, James Healy, B. F. Whiting, H. Fong, G. Greco, Howard Pan, Aaron Buikema, A. Mytidis, R. Kennedy, Geoffrey Lovelace, P. Brockill, S. S. Eikenberry, C. C. Wipf, C. Ferreira, E. Cesarini, A. Shaddock, C. Aulbert, Laura Cadonati, Yanxi Zhang, L. Kleybolte, R. Roma, A. Moggi, J. Ming, A. Noack, L. J. Milano, V. Heijningen, B. C. Barish, M. Tonelli, G. Losurdo, R. Metzdorff, L. Conti, R. Abernathy, Christian Beer, C. Green, D. Talukder, M. Leonardi, P. Schale, Swatantra Kumar Tiwari, M. Montani, J. Zhu, R. L. Savage, A. S. Bell, M. Laxen, Rosa Poggiani, V. Frey, David A. Williams, David Jones, A. Perreca, J. Ju, M. J. Cowart, W. De, A. Pele, T. Baker, P. Weßels, G. Stratta, S. Buchner, Jesper Munch, Jan Harms, A. S. Sengupta, Nancy Aggarwal, Marco Cavaglia, Dániel Barta, Ben Farr, B. Mours, Benjamin William Allen, Christophe Collette, H. Cao, C. J. Perez, J. Ottaway, R. Robie, Marc Favata, Sung-Po Chao, T. Isogai, Carl Blair, Abhirup Ghosh, S. S. Forsyth, J. Vine, Karsten Danzmann, Y. Levin, Zahoor Ali Khan, Archana Pai, T. Etzel, R. M. S. Schofield, L. Naticchioni, Salvatore Vitale, Chunglee Chu, B. Sassolas, F. Y. Khalili, Daniele Trifirò, Chad Hanna, D. Buskulic, P. Raffai, Achamveedu Gopakumar, S. Kandhasamy, M. Koehlenbeck, J. Oberling, A. Wei, M. C. Tringali, I. Nardecchia, C. Vo, J. Hanks, C. S. Unnikrishnan, Viswanath Bavigadda, G. Cagnoli, Hua Wang, B. Tanner, M. Punturo, P. Murray, Robert J. McCarthy, Roger Jones, V. J. Roma, F. Paoletti, F. Clara, W. S. Kim, P. Ruggi, A. Allocca, Linqing Wen, N. Gehrels, Slawomir Gras, Fiodor Sorrentino, R. Gouaty, A. Usman, A. Ma, A. Giaime, R. Leong, Benjamin J. Owen, S. Fair, M. Nery, S. Mitra, A. Basti, Ryan N. Lang, K. Chu, M. Ma, Ryan Shannon, Z. Tornasi, A. Mullavey, T. J. N. Nelson, Matthew Kerr, J. Page, C. Messick, T. Ma, B. Hu, M. Tacca, A. W. Heptonstall, Vivien Raymond, Neil J. Cornish, W. Ma, M. Sampson, E. Schmidt, Martin Hendry, M. C. Díaz, Aniello Grado, K. V. Tokmakov, F. Nocera, Robert Lanza, H. Yam, C. Zhao, Michael E Zucker, Marek Szczepanczyk, C. Bradaschia, P. Oppermann, A. Li, C. Tomlinson, J. D. Lough, Soma Mukherjee, Imre Bartos, N. Bakel, B. D. Lackey, A. K. Zadrożny, M. Isa, M. Meyers, K. Kawabe, R. Cavalier, R. Mohapatra, S. Kaufer, Michael W. Coughlin, P. Singer, I. Khan, M. Was, Antonios Kontos, F. Cleva, M. Pichot, K. Venkateswara, M. Du, S. Re, P. Zendri, E. Cuoco, B. Camp, A. Gupta, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, M. Fays, R. Abbott, M. Saleem, Peter Aufmuth, R. Sanders, S. J. Chamberlin, E. Ma, Maximiliano Isi, M. Vasúth, Z. Frei, Martin M. Fejer, R. Bork, Junwei Cao, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, D. Schuette, J. C. Diaz, Xiaohui Fan, S. Heng, A. Post, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, Peter Fritschel, G. Vedovato, Terry G. McRae, S. Meshkov, Jonathan Cripe, K. G. Arun, S. Márka, I. Dave, L. E. Wade, P. Thomas, A. Singer, H. Gabbard, V. De, R. W. P. Drever, M. Fletcher, S. Ghosh, Kipp Cannon, M. Steinke, V. Sequino, S. Caride, W. Harry, Juan Calderón Bustillo, Robert Stone, M. Coward, Kevin M. Ryan, Sibilla Di Pace, P. Bacon, J.-D. Fournier, Daniel E. Holz, Graham Woan, Robert Fisher, W. W. Johnson, M. Korobko, László Á. Gergely, D. Meacher, A. Rüdiger, M. Farr, A. Frei, P. A. Altin, Robert L. Byer, B. J. J. Slagmolen, G. Valdes, A. Samajdar, C. C. Yancey, R. Palamos, D. Barker, G. Blair, Philip F. Hopkins, C. Vander-Hyde, Fausto Acernese, M. Papa, Paul J. Groot, M. Zevin, L. Zangrando, R. Saulson, T. Prestegard, Jacob Scheuer, B. Patricelli, Margaret Millhouse, W. G. Anderson, G. Cella, A. Glaefke, B. Covas, S. Oh, M. De, Mi Zhang, C. Gray, G. H. Ogin, Enrico Calloni, John Veitch, G. Traylor, H. Yu, V. Re, Giacomo Ciani, R. A. Eisenstein, M. Pinto, L. Salconi, I. Fiori, S. G. Gaonkar, A. P. Singh, Haixing Miao, V. Vo, Benjamin Stappers, G. D. Meadors, Bernard F. Schutz, B. P. Abbott, M. Mow-Lowry, G. Bogaert, Li Ju, Alberto Di Lieto, M. Harry, N. Arnaud, T. Hu, T. J. Shaffer, R. N. Singh, S. Vass, Vijay Varma, Riccardo Bassiri, L. Wright, P. Rapagnani, Archisman Ghosh, K. L. Dooley, C. V. Kalaghatgi, J. Hanson, R. Coyne, K. Napier, T. Tippens, M. Castro, J. McIver, C. Raja, P. J. King, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, Lisa Barsotti, C. Pan, Anirban Dasgupta, R. J. G. Jonker, Guido Mueller, B. C. Stephens, Larne Pekowsky, L. Lombardi, H. Middleton, M. Kim, V. Tiwari, P. Mitrofanov, P. Puppo, Aaron Viets, M. Perri, M. H. Wimmer, F. Fidecaro, A. Effler, P. Weltevrede, G. Venugopalan, Meng Wang, Tristan Briant, L. Sun, V. Ma, S. Appert, A. Giazotto, G. De, J. Qi, L. Danilishin, Swetha Bhagwat, R. Paris, X. Guo, K. Siellez, Evan Ochsner, S. E. Gossan, L. Merilh, H. Fehrmann, R. Goetz, K. A. Thorne, S. Koley, T. Countryman, D. Moraru, F. Mezzani, J. Fauchon-Jones, P. Shawhan, I. Ferrante, V. Boschi, B. Cepeda, M. Gupta, D. Pascucci, Jimin George, M. Sieniawska, M. Landry, Gregory Ashton, Tarun Souradeep, Christopher P. L. Berry, A. D. Silva, M. Fries, P. Hello, Bala R. Iyer, S. McCormick, P. Spencer, G. Wang, B. O'Reilly, P. Charlton, Kejia Lee, A. Muir, Eric Oelker, M. Barsuglia, S. Qi, A. Grant, A. Staley, T. Mcwilliams, H. Vo, L. Zhang, F. Pan, A. Brown, F. Vetrano, Arunava Arun, Chandra Kant Mishra, R. Bhandare, S. Jawahar, S. Farinon, D. Re, Irene Di Palma, C. Barayoga, S. E. Dwyer, David Keitel, A. Paoli, M. Gaebel, C. Costa, S. J. Cooper, Matthew Evans, A. Lartaux-Vollard, Suvadeep Bose, S. Davies, O. Bock, Z. Márka, M. Merzougui, B. Anderson, Haocun Yu, R. Inta, S. Klimenko, T. Girolamo, I. Belahcene, D. Tuyenbayev, X. Siemens, P. Coulon, L. Sammut, A. Rocchi, C. Cocchieri, R. Birney, M. Muniz, E. Genin, V. Loriette, S. Areeda, Francesco Salemi, David H. Shoemaker, S. Karki, T. J. Cullen, D. Verkindt, B. Edo, S. Kissel, M. Belgin, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, M. Agathos, S. D'Antonio, V. Kringel, R. Tso, Patrick M. Koch, Tomasz Bulik, W. Vo, M. Brown, François Bondu, D. Rosińska, C. Coyne, I. Dorrington, R. Pedurand, Benno Willke, C. Cahillane, J. Hennig, A. Khazanov, S. Walsh, Miriam Cabero, Alessandra Buonanno, C.-J. Haster, Collin D. Capano, J. Bartlett, S. Babak, P. Leaci, A. Colla, P. Stevenson, D. Nolting, O. Puncken, P. J. Sutton, G. Thomas, J. H. Romie, R. Douglas, S. Ghonge, F. J. Raab, N. Mukund, L. R. Cominsky, R. Gustafson, G. Wu, S. Raja, S. E. Strigin, J. Zweizig, L. C. Baiardi, Sebastian Steinlechner, D. Mendoza-Gandara, Jessica Steinlechner, A. Neunzert, T. Chmiel, M. Heurs, H. Re, V. Germain, Sylvia J. Zhu, K. Nuttall, Reed Essick, R. Everett, Krishna M. Srivastava, B. Sorazu, A. Kutynia, Alessandro Ridolfi, Andrea Chincarini, T. Z. Summerscales, W. Katzman, M. Neri, R. Billman, M. Yvert, Martin van Beuzekom, C. Frei, L. Trozzo, P. Ehrens, Albert Lazzarini, M. Giovanni, M. Newport, Samaya Nissanke, M. A. Bizouard, J. J. Hacker, A. Pace, Ismaël Cognard, J. Birch, E. Coccia, C. Graef, B. A. Weaver, J. G. Rollins, L.-W. Wei, P. Chen, N. A. Robertson, William Parker, Márton Tápai, S. Sun, David Jonathan Hofman, M. Bitossi, G. Bergmann, B. Nielsen, J. Henry, Liam Cunningham, B. Pan, Beverly J. Smith, K. Wette, John J. Oh, Timothy Evans, Jonathan Blackman, M. Brinkmann, K. Toland, C. Adams, R. M. Blair, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, M. E. N. Normandin, Michelle E. Walker, G. Moreno, Y. Setyawati, A. Pasqualetti, M. M. Hanke, M. Tse, B. L. Swinkels, F. Jiménez-Forteza, Zachariah B. Etienne, Jennifer Watchi, J. Son, Yann Bouffanais, R. De, T. P. Downes, M. Pedraza, M. Chan, A. Ain, T. D. Canton, F. Cavalier, M. A. Álvarez, M. Boer, F. Cohadon, Alessandra Corsi, J. E. Lord, Maurizio Canepa, Paolo Addesso, K. D. Giardina, Angela Di Virgilio, T. London, Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin] (MDC), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, APC - Cosmologie, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Columbia University [New York], Dipartimento di Physica E. Firmi, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen], Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], LAboratoire de REcherche en Géodésie [Paris] (LAREG), Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l'Information Géographique (LaSTIG), École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN), Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), Physics Department, Amherst U., University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Biomécanique et Bioingénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Medioambiente [Bucaramanga]] (GIEMA), Universidad Industrial de Santander [Bucaramanga] (UIS), Chambre Agriculture Gard, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (UMRS893), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupe d'étude des réseaux moteurs - GERM (GERMG), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Edmund Mach Foundation (FEM), Department of Geography, Swansea University, Département de Pharmacologie, sherbrooke, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN, Sezione di Genova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas [Fayetteville], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Hulleras del Norte, S.A., Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), European gravitational Observatory (EGO), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Georgia Insitute of Technology (ECE GeorgiaTech), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], CNR Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Imagerie Ultrasonore, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Bayerische Julius-Maximilians University, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (TIFR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN, Sezione di Firenze), Évolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik (MPQ), University of Glasgow, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking], Peking University [Beijing], East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute [UCLA], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Minnesota System, Inconnu, Informatics and Telematics Institute/Centre for Research Hellas, Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Civil and Environmental Engineering [Illinois] (CEE), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Imagerie Moléculaire et Nanobiotechnologies - Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univ Turin, Dept Chem, Via P Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), ArcelorMittal Maizières Research SA, ArcelorMittal, Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of Radiation Oncology, Andrew Love Cancer Centre, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), DME (Dept. of Mech. Eng.), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), University of Huddersfield, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory of of Optical Astronomy, University of Delaware [Newark], University of Bath [Bath], Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Friction Stir Laboratory, Brigham Young University (BYU), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de rhéologie (LR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, parent, Laboratoire de Mesures et Modélisation de la Migration des Radionucléides (L3MR), Service d'Etudes du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement UMRT9002 (UMRESTTE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (INRETS)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS), The Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo (IMEN) (IMEN-CNR), Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, Istituto Matematico, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (SNS), SensorDynamics AG, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESRL Chemical Sciences Division [Boulder] (CSD), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Physics Department, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Departements of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seattle University [Seattle], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute for Plasma Research [Gandhinagar], Zurich Research Laboratory, IBM Research GmbH, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia [Firenze], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, USA, Cornell University [New York], Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), University of South Carolina [Columbia], The McDonnell Genome Institute (MGI), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Techniques pour l'Evaluation et la Modélisation des Actions de la Santé (TIMC-IMAG-ThEMAS), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Key Lab of Computer System and Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology [Beijing] (ICT), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Shenzhen University, Centre for Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Macquarie University, Texas Instruments Dallas, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Beijing Normal University (BNU), Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), AIR (AIR), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), National Astronomical Observatories [Beijing] (NAOC), Pathologie et virologie moléculaire (PVM (UMR_7151)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SFA Inc/NRL (SFA INC/NRL), SFA Inc/NRL, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Australian Resources Research Centre (CSIRO), Department of Physics [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester [Manchester], CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California-University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS)-National Astronomical Observatories of China, Photonics and photonic materials group, Departement of Physics, University of bath, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (INRETS)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Southern University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTech), Scuola Normale Superiore, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Dipartimento di Fisica and LENS, Università di Firenze-INFN, LENS, INFN, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Center for Molecular Medicine, Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Medioambiente (GIEMA), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research [Bombay] (TIFR), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Tsinghua University [Beijing], ESPCI ParisTech, Institute of Climate System, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Institute for Plasma Research, MN2S, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University, Washington University in St Louis, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Beijing Normal University, Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Pathologie et virologie moléculaire (PVM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Gravitational wave, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LIGO, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

40. Predicting the Changing Soil Response for Vertical Pipe-Seabed Interaction Accounting for Remoulding, Reconsolidation and Maintained Load

Author

Zefeng Zhou, Conleth O'Loughlin, and David White

Subjects
Stress (mechanics), Consolidation (soil), Soil resistance, Catenary, medicine, Stiffness, Cyclic loading, Environmental science, Memory consolidation, Geotechnical engineering, medicine.symptom, Seabed
Abstract

Steel catenary risers (SCRs) are subjected to fatigue in the touchdown zone (TDZ) where the pipe interacts with the seabed. In this zone the seabed is subjected to intermittent episodes of cyclic loading and reconsolidation during long-term operation. Cyclic loading, reconsolidation and maintained load can cause variations in the soil strength and stiffness, which has a significant influence on the fatigue life of the riser in the TDZ. The weakening effect of cyclic loading on soil strength is well recognized throughout design practice, and methodologies for determining the cyclic ‘fatigue’ of clay during undrained cyclic loading are well established (e.g. Andersen et al. 1988; Andersen 2015). However, traditional undrained assessments neglect the effects of drainage and consolidation that inevitably occur in pipe-seabed interaction during long-term operational stages, and can lead to changes in stiffness by a factor of up to 5 or 10. This overlooked effect of consolidation on soil resistance and stiffness can be very important for SCR fatigue analysis. In this paper, a new analytical framework considering these effects has been used to analyze vertical pipe-seabed interaction. This framework is developed using a critical-state concept with effective stresses, and by discretizing the soil domain as a one-dimensional column of soil elements. The model can accurately capture the changing soil resistance and stiffness to account for the effects of remoulding, reconsolidation and maintained load. The framework is used to back-analysis the pipe-soil interaction response during small and large amplitude vertical cycles. The simulation prediction compares well with the measured results from the laboratory (Aubeny et al., 2008), and can accurately capture the observed changes in stiffness of up to a factor of 5.

Published
2017

41. First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data

Author

G. M. Harry, K. Venkateswara, T. Zhang, Robert Stone, Thibaut Jacqmin, John A. Clark, Ben Farr, W. S. Kim, Christophe Collette, Joseph Ashley Taylor, Ho-Gyu Lee, C. J. Perez, A. R. Williamson, Albrecht Rüdiger, C. I. Torrie, Olivier Minazzoli, G. Kang, A. Pal-Singh, Xing-Jiang Zhu, N. Gehrels, M. Razzano, M. Saleem, A. Nitz, R. A. Eisenstein, B. J. J. Slagmolen, M. Oliver, Douglas Davis, Geraint Pratten, Hee-Suk Cho, S. A. Usman, Jishnu Suresh, Roman Schnabel, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, J. V. van Heijningen, P. Oppermann, M. Di Giovanni, Ik Siong Heng, F. Martelli, Karan Jani, S. Vinciguerra, A. Lenon, J. E. Brau, G. D. Meadors, M. Pedraza, Alexander Urban, A. A. van Veggel, B. D. Cheeseboro, G. Cerretani, T. Zelenova, Riccardo Bassiri, Magnus Manske, L. Rei, Huang-Wei Pan, Gijs Nelemans, Eric Thrane, Efim A. Khazanov, G. Ballardin, Moritz Mehmet, S. Márka, V. Mangano, E. Maros, M. Phelps, Michael E Zucker, B. D. Lackey, S. Appert, E. D. Hall, Jolien D. E. Creighton, A. L. Miller, G. Vedovato, D. B. Kozak, C. Vorvick, L. Pinard, A. Viceré, T. Huynh-Dinh, C. Michel, D. J. McManus, R. Mittleman, V. Dattilo, Nelson Christensen, D. C. Coyne, D. Finstad, Sarah Caudill, G. D. O'Dea, T. D. Knowles, S. D. Linker, R. Robie, P. Astone, D. Barta, C. C. Yancey, A. Ain, Kipp Cannon, T. Hinderer, W. G. Anderson, F. Ohme, V. B. Adya, Turlough P. Downes, Giacomo Ciani, K. Holt, B. P. Abbott, E. K. Gustafson, W. Z. Korth, Rana X. Adhikari, Mark A. Scheel, H. Cao, D. J. Vine, F. Clara, T. Hardwick, D. Steinmeyer, S. Vass, A. Chiummo, Fabrice Matichard, F. Travasso, Chunglee Kim, V. Sandberg, Rosemary Frey, A. A. Shah, Y. Levin, D. M. Wilken, T. Sadecki, W. Ren, S. Grunewald, Marc Favata, Roger Jones, V. J. Roma, B. Machenschalk, F. Donovan, Laura Sampson, D. Moffa, James G. Bartlett, K. Bossie, H. Fair, D. H. Shoemaker, P. Brockill, F. Ricci, A. P. Spencer, D. Buskulic, O. A. Hannuksela, M. Poe, L. Pekowsky, R. L. Savage, M. J. Yap, F. Salemi, Koh Ueno, Roy Williams, A. S. Bell, M. Laxen, Anchal Gupta, F. Y. Khalili, F. Di Renzo, K. Siellez, G. Valdes, Luca Gammaitoni, D. D. Brown, M. Fyffe, Ken K. Y. Ng, A. Effler, A. Perreca, M. Constancio, Sebastien Biscans, A. Hreibi, Manuela Rizzo, Anthony A. Amato, N. van Bakel, Andrea Taracchini, Mairi Sakellariadou, G. Pillant, P. Puppo, O. de Varona, C. Affeldt, Q. Chu, Charalampos Markakis, P. J. Sutton, P. T. Baker, J. H. Romie, David Jones, Laura Cadonati, Marco Cavaglia, M. Was, H. Vocca, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, A. Masserot, S. J. Kapadia, L. M. Perri, G. Gemme, M. Drago, M. J. Szczepańczyk, Denis Martynov, Marco Bazzan, Tenglin Li, C. Palomba, S. Privitera, Guenakh Mitselmakher, L. Kleybolte, I. Kowalska, D. Estevez, K. Kawabe, S. N. Tiwari, S. M. Aston, J. Cripe, M. Muratore, Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein, E. A. Huerta, M. K. M. Bader, R. Pedurand, Benno Willke, A. Grado, L. Naticchioni, Salvatore Vitale, A. Kutynia, L. Trozzo, Priscilla Canizares, C. Cahillane, Albert Lazzarini, Jochen Schmidt, R. Goetz, Tarun Souradeep, B. A. Boom, A. M. Sergeev, A. J. Weinstein, L. Cunningham, M. S. Shahriar, C. L. Romel, A. Brillet, R. T. DeRosa, C. Buy, Piotr Jaranowski, Susan M. Scott, G. McIntyre, V. Fafone, A. B. Nielsen, J. B. Kanner, R. Douglas, M. C. Heintze, N. Mukund, Leo Singer, Pablo Cerdá-Durán, Peter R. Saulson, M. A. Bizouard, C. E. Cirelli, Chad Hanna, I. Khan, Federico Ferrini, A. Dasgupta, Lijing Shao, E. Cuoco, G. Vajente, S. M. Gaebel, Achamveedu Gopakumar, T. Dal Canton, D. Mukherjee, Christopher M. Biwer, J. Oberling, M. Pirello, Jay D. Tasson, M. Landry, V. Gayathri, J. McIver, F. Carbognani, S. Walsh, Miriam Cabero, S. Frasca, L. Di Fiore, B. Mours, F. Frasconi, A. Grant, Alessandra Buonanno, C.-J. Haster, C. Austin, Gabrielle Allen, P. Kumar, A. K. W. Chung, M. Barsuglia, D. George, L. R. Cominsky, R. K. Lanza, Fiodor Sorrentino, P. Dupej, A. Pele, Sumit Kumar, R. Flaminio, J.-P. Coulon, K. V. Tokmakov, B. R. Hall, R. Gustafson, J. W. W. Pratt, Terry G. McRae, B. U. Gadre, L. G. Prokhorov, J. Westerweck, Samaya Nissanke, S. Ascenzi, S. Doravari, J.-M. Isac, F. Garufi, M. Bejger, Surendra Nadh Somala, D. Bersanetti, F. Marion, F. Nocera, Colm Talbot, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, L. Zhang, T. Theeg, Paul D. Lasky, M. P. Ross, P. Thomas, J. S. Kissel, T. B. Edo, E. Thomas, Maximiliano Isi, Nergis Mavalvala, Innocenzo M. Pinto, H. Qi, S. V. Angelova, A. Gennai, Rahul Kumar, Harald P. Pfeiffer, A. Sheperd, V. Predoi, I. W. Martin, David Cohen, David E. McClelland, Jerome Degallaix, C. Casentini, Sebastian Khan, L. Magaña Zertuche, Lili Yang, Erik Katsavounidis, O. J. Piccinni, N. Bode, B. Gateley, Xie Chen, A. Markowitz, K. W. K. Wong, Howard Pan, Aaron Buikema, C. C. Wipf, E. J. King, Lionel Martellini, E. M. Gretarsson, J. A. Sonnenberg, R. Cavalieri, Peter Fritschel, Wenxiao Wang, M. Branchesi, V. Kondrashov, Arunava Mukherjee, Y. Minenkov, Alessandro Bertolini, J. C. Driggers, L. Conti, C. Fee, S. Bae, E. Coccia, C. Graef, B. A. Weaver, M. Masso-Reid, C. Kent, G. Mendell, D. Passuello, H. Radkins, A. Bozzi, A. Cirone, A. L. Stuver, J. P. Zendri, A. K. Srivastava, A. E. Pace, M. Thomas, Hyun Lee, E. Bonilla, J. Calderón Bustillo, J. C. Batch, Zefeng Zhou, H. Vahlbruch, K. Riles, W. Parker, Odylio D. Aguiar, P. Couvares, Matthew Pitkin, M. Wade, H. Middleton, S. Mitra, M. Brinkmann, S. Kaufer, M. Weinert, H. A. G. Gabbard, F. Fidecaro, S. Raja, S. E. Strigin, C. Lazzaro, Patricia Schmidt, A. Avila-Alvarez, V. Brisson, D. H. Reitze, A. W. Muir, E. Cesarini, Laleh Sadeghian, R. C. Walet, V. P. Mitrofanov, L. E. Sanchez, S. J. Cooper, M. C. Araya, J. Trinastic, Edward K. Porter, E. Massera, L. Milano, W. Del Pozzo, P. F. Cohadon, Kevin Barkett, A. Giazotto, M. C. Díaz, T. J. Cullen, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, A. Basti, Ryan N. Lang, G. M. Guidi, Kenneth A. Strain, Jimin George, J. C. Bayley, H. Wittel, S. G. Schwalbe, C. Messenger, Rainer Weiss, L. Glover, M. Tonelli, H. N. Isa, Tyson Littenberg, R. De Rosa, Badri Krishnan, L. Rolland, P. Leaci, A. Colla, J. G. Rollins, L.-W. Wei, J. Eichholz, Jens Birch, E. A. Chase, M. Leonardi, Enrico Calloni, G. Traylor, L. Salconi, I. Nardecchia, A. R. Wade, G. Kuehn, C. M. Mow-Lowry, D. Huet, R. G. Ormiston, J. Zweizig, H. Heitmann, M. K. Gupta, P. Shawhan, I. Ferrante, Rico K. L. Lo, B. Day, J. R. Gair, David Coward, P. Charlton, Kai Staats, Stephen Fairhurst, Carl Blair, A. F. Brooks, M. Sieniawska, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, Gregory Ashton, S. J. Kimbrell, N. Leroy, Kejia Lee, R. Quitzow-James, Fabio Marchesoni, P. Hello, D. Nolting, Carlos Cepeda, Robert J. McCarthy, D. V. Atallah, A. W. Heptonstall, M. Ducrot, Z. Frei, P. A. Altin, Alvin J. K. Chua, Rebecca Fisher, V. Sequino, S. Caride, J.-D. Fournier, M. Gosselin, Sheon Chua, R. Bonnand, Fabrizio Barone, S. S. Forsyth, M. Mohan, Linqing Wen, B. Agarwal, Edward Seidel, O. E. S. Sauter, O. Halim, D. S. Rabeling, K. W. Tsang, N. Man, W. W. Johnson, D. Barker, A. Samajdar, B. Sassolas, J. Woehler, Kris Ryan, E. A. Quintero, M. Granata, Minchuan Zhou, J. Devenson, K. S. Karvinen, S. Mukherjee, D. C. Vander-Hyde, Aviral Singh, Sebastian Steinlechner, I. Dorrington, S. C. Tait, Yongjung Kim, Z. Tornasi, Peter Weßels, Andrew Lundgren, Kyungmin Kim, Debarati Chatterjee, B. O'Reilly, P. Gruning, B. F. Whiting, J. Casanueva Diaz, Philip F. Hopkins, S. Xiao, T. R. Corbitt, F. J. Raab, K. E. Gushwa, P. Schale, G. P. Newton, G. Cella, B. Bécsy, M. Kasprzack, Shiuh Chao, R. De Pietri, C. C. Buchanan, Tristan Briant, M. Haney, E. Schreiber, O. Bock, C. Van Den Broeck, I. Di Palma, E. Mejuto-Villa, Soumi De, K. Haughian, L. Sun, T. A. Callister, I. Fiori, Gabriela Gonzalez, Archisman Ghosh, E. M. Fries, Rocco Romano, I. A. Bilenko, David J. Ottaway, John D. Scott, S. Chung, P. Popolizio, Koji Arai, R. A. Mercer, Jade Powell, S. Ossokine, Jinsook Kim, J. D. Lough, K. E. Ramirez, A. M. Sintes, P. Aufmuth, M. Boer, H. Fong, G. Greco, N. Letendre, Chandra Kant Mishra, E. J. Sanchez, M. J. Cowart, R. Bhandare, Lee McCuller, A. Paoli, A. K. Zadrożny, V. Boschi, T. D. Abbott, David Blair, T. M. Evans, Carsten Kramer, V. Dolique, Michael L. Gorodetsky, M. van Beuzekom, Collin D. Capano, Zoheyr Doctor, D. Lumaca, P. B. Covas, T. Westphal, M. A. Okada, K. Mason, L. McNeill, L. Wallace, G. Bogaert, Yi-Ming Hu, Alejandro Torres-Forné, H. Fehrmann, Ryan Lynch, A. Moggi, J. Ming, A. Królak, Vuk Mandic, S. Penn, D. Schuette, A. Ananyeva, S. L. Danilishin, M. Fays, S. Brunett, D. Ugolini, P. Clearwater, K. G. Arun, A. Di Lieto, E. C. Ferreira, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, M. W. Coughlin, B. Shapiro, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, J. A. Giaime, M. Lormand, Sascha Husa, G. Venugopalan, L. Sammut, D.B. DeBra, C. Whittle, Benjamin William Allen, Lionel London, Mandar Patil, Abhirup Ghosh, Karsten Danzmann, Hua Wang, G. Stratta, Jesper Munch, M. C. Edwards, S. J. Chamberlin, M. Vasúth, E. L. Merilh, A. Bisht, G. L. Mansell, R. M. Martin, C. Beer, D. Talukder, D. J. Stops, M. Prijatelj, David A. Williams, J. Warner, R. Passaquieti, M. Fitz-Axen, M. Punturo, J. Neilson, B. Pang, Slawomir Gras, Simon Stevenson, David A. Nichols, M. De Laurentis, Hsiao-Wen Chen, K. Izumi, D. B. Tanner, O. Puncken, Xavier Siemens, Kevin Napier, Edwin J. Son, C. Rajan, V. Loriette, Maher Yazback, X. Guo, P. Bacon, Daniel E. Holz, I. W. Harry, G. A. Prodi, K. A. Thorne, M. Korobko, S. Mastrogiovanni, Stefan Hild, Y. Ma, C-H. Lee, M. Factourovich, R. DeSalvo, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, O. V. Palashov, Sean T. McWilliams, F. Piergiovanni, Riccardo Ciolfi, Yi Chen, Peter T. H. Pang, R. Kirchhoff, B. L. Pearlstone, G. Mueller, B. Patricelli, J. Betzwieser, E. A. Muñiz, P. J. Veitch, J. Page, Antoine Heidmann, Kendall Ackley, R. K. Nayak, N. Sanchis-Gual, Athol J. Kemball, B. W. Schulte, J. Junker, John Miller, D. S. Wu, Margaret Millhouse, T. Prestegard, C. A. Costa, M. Vardaro, S. G. Gaonkar, M. B. Shaner, Steven Reyes, F. Robinet, Hartmut Grote, K. Gill, L. E. Wade, H. Y. Chia, F. Magaña-Sandoval, Haixing Miao, M. Davier, Jordan Camp, A. C. Green, G. Losurdo, Walter Winkler, A. S. Markosyan, Jörg Hennig, D. Töyrä, H. Overmier, Harald Lück, S. Rieger, L. Nevin, N. Mazumder, D. Verkindt, Archana Pai, F. Paoletti, R. Metzdorff, Fausto Acernese, M. Cho, J. J. Bero, Samuel Deléglise, P. Ruggi, G. Gaur, S. C. McGuire, J. F. Read, S. Di Pace, A. Mullavey, T. J. N. Nelson, R. Taylor, K. L. Dooley, V. Germain, J. E. Broida, A. Fernandez-Galiana, Mi Zhang, C. Gray, G. H. Ogin, T. J. Shaffer, Xiaohui Fan, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, M. Bawaj, Lisa Barsotti, I. Maksimovic, A. Neunzert, T. Chmiel, M. Heurs, M. Mantovani, R. L. Ward, G. Hemming, M. Pichot, S. Gomes, J. Steinlechner, A. D. Viets, D. Meacher, Sylvia J. Zhu, Leo Tsukada, S. Koley, E. Z. Hamilton, S. M. Koehlenbeck, Neil J. Cornish, D. Pascucci, D. Sellers, J. Meidam, C. Bradaschia, T. Denker, Riccardo Sturani, Christopher P. L. Berry, A. D. Silva, C. Pankow, P. M. Meyers, R. J. G. Jonker, Barry C. Barish, Swetha Bhagwat, D. Rosińska, Richard J. Abbott, M. F. Carney, John Worden, D. Tuyenbayev, M. R. Ganija, Chunnong Zhao, A. Staley, S. Karki, S. Jawahar, T. Di Girolamo, Paul J. Groot, M. Zevin, John Veitch, V. Kringel, R. Tso, J-Y. Vinet, Patrick M. Koch, Reed Essick, Tomasz Bulik, D. Fiorucci, Richard J. Oram, J. Lehmann, François Bondu, J. C. Barayoga, Jan Harms, Jing Wang, N. Arnaud, Maggie Tse, Matthew Evans, T. D. Creighton, D. Hoak, D. Sentenac, Patrick Brady, J. S. Areeda, S. Kandhasamy, B. Sorazu, Vijay Varma, M. MacInnis, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, P. Rapagnani, S. Ghosh, László Á. Gergely, M. Yvert, Daichi Tsuna, S. Banagiri, R. Inta, S. Klimenko, Z. Márka, Evan Goetz, T. T. Nguyen, Andrea Chincarini, B. B. Miller, E. A. Houston, A. Post, S. Meshkov, Seog Oh, A. Cumming, T. Z. Summerscales, Jong H. Chow, A. Pasqualetti, G. Dálya, K. Mogushi, M. Ast, R. Coyne, E. Genin, P. J. King, F. Baldaccini, L. F. Ortega, D. M. Macleod, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Hart, K. H. Lai, M. Katolik, G. 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P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Afrough, M., Agarwal, B., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Allen, B., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Atallah, D. V., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Aultoneal, K., Austin, C., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barkett, K., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Bã©csy, B., Beer, C., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Bell, A. S., Berger, B. K., Bergmann, G., Bero, J. J., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Billman, C. R., Birch, J., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blackman, J., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bode, N., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bohe, A., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossie, K., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Broida, J. E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Calderón Bustillo, J., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canizares, P., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Carney, M. F., Casanueva Diaz, J., Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavagliã , M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chase, E., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, D., Cheeseboro, B. D., Chen, H. Y., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. -. P., Chia, H., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Chmiel, T., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, A. J. K., Chua, S., Chung, A. K. W., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Ciolfi, R., Cirelli, C. E., Cirone, A., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Cleva, F., Cocchieri, C., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -. F., Cohen, D., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L. R., Constancio, M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -. P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Dal Canton, T., Dã¡lya, G., Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dasgupta, A., Da Silva Costa, C. F., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., Day, B., De, S., Debra, D., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Delã©glise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Demos, N., Denker, T., Dent, T., De Pietri, R., Dergachev, V., De Rosa, Rosario, Derosa, R. T., De Rossi, C., Desalvo, R., De Varona, O., Devenson, J., Dhurandhar, S., Dã­az, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Doctor, Z., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorrington, I., Douglas, R., Dovale à lvarez, M., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Dreissigacker, C., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dupej, P., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -. B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenstein, R. A., Essick, R. C., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z. B., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fee, C., Fehrmann, H., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Finstad, D., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fitz-Axen, M., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Forsyth, P. W. F., Forsyth, S. S., Fournier, J. -. D., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fries, E. M., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H., Gadre, B. U., Gaebel, S. M., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Ganija, M. R., Gaonkar, S. G., Garcia-Quiros, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gaudio, S., Gaur, G., Gayathri, V., Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, D., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Glover, L., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gomes, S., Goncharov, B., Gonzã¡lez, G., Gonzalez Castro, J. M., Gopakumar, A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Grado, A., Graef, C., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Gretarsson, E. M., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Guidi, G. M., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Halim, O., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, M. J., Haster, C. -. J., Haughian, K., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hinderer, T., Ho, W. C. G., Hoak, D., Hofman, D., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Horst, C., Hough, J., Houston, E. A., Howell, E. J., Hreibi, A., Hu, Y. M., Huerta, E. A., Huet, D., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Indik, N., Inta, R., Intini, G., Isa, H. N., Isac, J. -. M., Isi, M., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacqmin, T., Jani, K., Jaranowski, P., Jawahar, S., Jiménez-Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Junker, J., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kamai, B., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Karki, S., Karvinen, K. S., Kasprzack, M., Katolik, M., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kawabe, K., Kã©fã©lian, F., Keitel, D., Kemball, A. J., Kennedy, R., Kent, C., Key, J. S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khan, Z., Khazanov, E. A., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, Chunglee, Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, W., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -. M., Kimbrell, S. J., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, R., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Knowles, T. D., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koley, S., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D. B., Krã¤mer, C., Kringel, V., Krishnan, B., Krã³lak, A., Kuehn, G., Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Kwang, S., Lackey, B. D., Lai, K. H., Landry, M., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lanza, R. K., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lehmann, J., Lenon, A., Leonardi, M., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Li, T. G. F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, J., Lo, R. K. L., Lockerbie, N. A., London, L. T., Lord, J. E., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lovelace, G., Lã¼ck, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., Macas, R., Macfoy, S., Machenschalk, B., Macinnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Magaña Hernandez, I., Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magaña Zertuche, L., Magee, R. M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Mã¡rka, S., Mã¡rka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Martelli, F., Martellini, L., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martynov, D. V., Mason, K., Massera, E., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matas, A., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mccarthy, R., Mcclelland, D. E., Mccormick, S., Mcculler, L., Mcguire, S. C., Mcintyre, G., Mciver, J., Mcmanus, D. J., Mcneill, L., Mcrae, T., Mcwilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Mehmet, M., Meidam, J., Mejuto-Villa, E., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mercer, R. A., Merilh, E. L., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Metzdorff, R., Meyers, P. M., Miao, H., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Mikhailov, E. E., Milano, L., Miller, A. L., Miller, B. B., Miller, J., Millhouse, M., Milovich-Goff, M. C., Minazzoli, O., Minenkov, Y., Ming, J., Mishra, C., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Moffa, D., Moggi, A., Mogushi, K., Mohan, M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morriss, S. R., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mueller, G., Muir, A. W., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Muã±iz, E. A., Muratore, M., Murray, P. G., Napier, K., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neilson, J., Nelemans, G., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Nevin, L., Newport, J. M., Newton, G., Ng, K. K. Y., Nguyen, T. T., Nichols, D., Nielsen, A. B., Nissanke, S., Nitz, A., Noack, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., North, C., Nuttall, L. K., Oberling, J., O'Dea, G. D., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Okada, M. A., Oliver, M., Oppermann, P., Oram, Richard J., O'Reilly, B., Ormiston, R., Ortega, L. F., O'Shaughnessy, R., Ossokine, S., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pace, A. E., Page, J., Page, M. A., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pal-Singh, A., Pan, Howard, Pan, Huang-Wei, Pang, B., Pang, P. T. H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Papa, M. A., Parida, A., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patil, M., Patricelli, B., Pearlstone, B. L., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pekowsky, L., Pele, A., Penn, S., Perez, C. J., Perreca, A., Perri, L. M., Pfeiffer, H. P., Phelps, M., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M., Poe, M., Poggiani, R., Popolizio, P., Porter, E. K., Post, A., Powell, J., Prasad, J., Pratt, J. W. W., Pratten, G., Predoi, V., Prestegard, T., Prijatelj, M., Principe, M., Privitera, S., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L. G., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Pã¼rrer, M., Qi, H., Quetschke, V., Quintero, E. A., Quitzow-James, R., Raab, F. J., Rabeling, D. S., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Rakhmanov, M., Ramirez, K. E., Ramos-Buades, A., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Ren, W., Reyes, S. D., Ricci, F., Ricker, P. M., Rieger, S., Riles, K., Rizzo, M., Robertson, N. A., Robie, R., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romano, R., Romel, C. L., Romie, J. H., RosiÅ„ska, D., Ross, M. P., Rowan, S., Rã¼diger, A., Ruggi, P., Rutins, G., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadeghian, L., Sakellariadou, M., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sampson, L. M., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sandberg, V., Sanders, J. R., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Saulson, P. R., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawadsky, A., Schale, P., Scheel, M., Scheuer, J., Schmidt, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schã¶nbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schuette, D., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwalbe, S. G., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seidel, E., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shaffer, T. J., Shah, A. A., Shahriar, M. S., Shaner, M. B., Shao, L., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Sheperd, A., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Siellez, K., Siemens, X., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silva, A. D., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Smith, B., Smith, J. R., Smith, R. J. E., Somala, S., Son, E. J., Sonnenberg, J. A., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Spencer, A. P., Srivastava, A. K., Staats, K., Staley, A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stevenson, S. P., Stone, R., Stops, D. J., Strain, K. A., Stratta, G., Strigin, S. E., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., SzczepaÅ„czyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Tait, S. C., Talbot, C., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tã¡pai, M., Taracchini, A., Tasson, J. D., Taylor, J. A., Taylor, R., Tewari, S. V., Theeg, T., Thies, F., Thomas, E. G., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Toland, K., Tonelli, M., Tornasi, Z., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Tã¶yrã¤, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trinastic, J., Tringali, M. C., Trozzo, L., Tsang, K. W., Tse, M., Tso, R., Tsukada, L., Tsuna, D., Tuyenbayev, D., Ueno, K., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., Van Bakel, N., Van Beuzekom, M., Van Den Brand, J. F. J., Van Den Broeck, C., Vander-Hyde, D. C., Van Der Schaaf, L., Van Heijningen, J. V., Van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Varma, V., Vass, S., Vasãºth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Venugopalan, G., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Vicerã©, A., Viets, A. D., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. -. Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walet, R., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Y. F., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Watchi, J., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -. W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wen, L., Wessel, E. K., Weãÿels, P., Westerweck, J., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wilken, D., Williams, D., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J., Wong, K. W. K., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, D. S., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, S., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yang, L., Yap, M. J., Yazback, M., Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Yvert, M., Zadroå¼ny, A., Zanolin, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -. P., Zevin, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y. -. H., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, S. J., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. E., Zweizig, J., École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Gravitational-wave observatory, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, rotation, neutron stars, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, gravitational waves, LIGO, stochastic gravitational-wave, neutron star, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), QC, pulsar, QB, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gravitational Waves, neutron stars, advanced detectors, narrow-band search, Detector, Amplitude, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, asymmetry, Coherence (physics), young pulsar, interferometer, neutron star: spin, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), proper motion, advanced detectors, Gravitational waves, Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Gravitational Waves, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation, 530 Physik, gravitational radiation detector, Computational physics, coherence, detector: sensitivity, Neutron star, electromagnetic, Physics and Astronomy, narrow-band search, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], discovery
Abstract

Spinning neutron stars asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis are potential sources of continuous gravitational waves for ground-based interferometric detectors. In the case of known pulsars a fully coherent search, based on matched filtering, which uses the position and rotational parameters obtained from electromagnetic observations, can be carried out. Matched filtering maximizes the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio, but a large sensitivity loss is expected in case of even a very small mismatch between the assumed and the true signal parameters. For this reason, {\it narrow-band} analyses methods have been developed, allowing a fully coherent search for gravitational waves from known pulsars over a fraction of a hertz and several spin-down values. In this paper we describe a narrow-band search of eleven pulsars using data from Advanced LIGO's first observing run. Although we have found several initial outliers, further studies show no significant evidence for the presence of a gravitational wave signal. Finally, we have placed upper limits on the signal strain amplitude lower than the spin-down limit for 5 of the 11 targets over the bands searched: in the case of J1813-1749 the spin-down limit has been beaten for the first time. For an additional 3 targets, the median upper limit across the search bands is below the spin-down limit. This is the most sensitive narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves carried out so far., 9 Figures, 7 tables, submitted to PRD

Published
2017

42. Effect of Gain in Soil Friction on the Walking Rate of Subsea Pipelines

Author

Zefeng Zhou, Zhaohui Hong, Shuwang Yan, Wenbin Liu, Yue Yan, and Dengfeng Fu

Subjects
Pipeline (computing), pipeline walking, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, Ocean Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 0201 civil engineering, lcsh:Oceanography, lcsh:VM1-989, Range (aeronautics), Catenary, lcsh:GC1-1581, gain in friction, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Tension (physics), lcsh:Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, subsea pipeline, Pipeline transport, axial soil resistance, Service life, Environmental science, Submarine pipeline, Marine engineering, Subsea
Abstract

Subsea pipelines are commonly employed in the offshore oil and gas industry to transport high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) hydrocarbons. The phenomenon of pipeline walking is a topic that has drawn a great deal of attention, and is related to the on-bottom stability of the pipeline, such as directional accumulation with respect to axial movement, which can threaten the security of the entire pipeline system. An accurate assessment of pipeline walking is therefore necessary for offshore pipeline design. This paper reports a comprehensive suite of numerical analyses investigating the performance of pipeline walking, with a focus on the effect of increasing axial soil resistance on walking rates. Three walking-driven modes (steel catenary riser (SCR) tension, downslope, and thermal transient) are considered, covering a wide range of influential parameters. The variation in walking rate with respect to the effect of increased soil friction is well reflected in the development of the effective axial force (EAF) profile. A method based on the previous analytical solution is proposed for predicting the accumulated walking rates throughout the entire service life, where the concept of equivalent soil friction is adopted.

Published
2019

43. The Virgo interferometric gravitational antenna

Author

D. Tombolato, F. Mornet, D. Verkindt, V. Loriette, Leopoldo Milano, J. Marque, Ettore Majorana, M. A. Bizouard, D. Buskulic, E. Cuoco, M. Mazzoni, F. Beauville, R. Flaminio, S. Kreckelberg, Archana Pai, P. Ruggi, R. De Rosa, B. Perniola, José Pacheco, Sofiane Aoudia, S. Braccini, V. Dattilo, L. Di Fiore, B. Mours, M. Barsuglia, Fausto Acernese, L. Massonnet, M. Mantovani, A. Masserot, V. Brisson, F. Cleva, H. Vocca, Patrice Hello, K. Qipiani, L. Pinard, M. Alshourbagy, P. Puppo, Iolanda Ricciardi, Luca Gammaitoni, F. Cavalier, F. Marion, Andreas Freise, F. Paoletti, A. Brillet, C. Bradaschia, L. Holloway, S. Frasca, Enrico Calloni, Guido Russo, L. Brocco, J-Y. Vinet, A. Viceré, Regis Barille, N. Morgado, J.-M. Mackowski, M. Punturo, G. Ballardin, Christian Corda, A. C. Clapson, A. Di Virgilio, Zefeng Zhou, V. Reita, Alban Remillieux, Saverio Avino, F. Frasconi, A. Pasqualetti, D. Enard, F. Travasso, H. Heitmann, D. Passuello, A. Spallicci, P. Amico, P. La Penna, E. Tournefier, H. Trinquet, G. Losurdo, François Bondu, C. Palomba, M. Varvella, D. Grosjean, G. Giordano, G. Cella, B. Dujardin, C. Boccara, Fabrizio Barone, A. Gennai, S. Hebri, Julien Moreau, F. Martelli, C. N. Man, P. Rapagnani, F. Fidecaro, G. M. Guidi, R. Cavalieri, A. Giazotto, R. Taddei, E. Chassande-Mottin, I. Ferrante, J.-P. Coulon, A. Eleuteri, J.-D. Fournier, F. Moreau, M. Loupias, I. Fiori, M. Yvert, E. Campagna, Silvio Pardi, Lisa Barsotti, Alessandra Toncelli, F. Ricci, R. Passaquieti, C. Moins, Ruggero Stanga, F. Piergiovanni, Rosa Poggiani, M. Davier, M. Tonelli, F. Vetrano, R. Gouaty, L. Bosi, Salvatore Solimeno, D. Babusci, Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules ( LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), APC - Gravitation ( APC-Gravitation ), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Max-Planck-Institut-Max-Planck-Institut, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés ( LMA ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), VIRGO, F., Acernese, P., Amico, M., Al Shourbagy, Avino, S. A. o. u. d. i. a., D., Babusci, G., Ballardin, R., Barillé, F., Barone, L., Barsotti, M., Barsuglia, F., Beauville, M. A., Bizouard, C., Boccara, F., Bondu, L., Bosi, C., Bradaschia, S., Braccini, A., Brillet, V., Brisson, L., Brocco, D., Buskuli, Calloni, Enrico, E., Campagna, F., Cavalier, R., Cavalieri, G., Cella, E., Chassande Mottin, A. C., Clapson, F., Cleva, C., Corda, J. P., Coulon, E., Cuoco, V., Dattilo, M., Davier, DE ROSA, Rosario, L., Di Fiore, A., Di Virgilio, B., Dujardin, A., Eleuteri, D., Enard, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, I., Fiori, R., Flaminio, J. D., Fournier, S., Frasca, F., Frasconi, A., Freise, L., Gammaitoni, A., Gennai, A., Giazotto, G., Giordano, R., Gouaty, D., Grosjean, G., Guidi, S., Hebri, H., Heitmann, P., Hello, L., Holloway, S., Kreckelberg, P., La Penna, V., Loriette, M., Loupia, G., Losurdo, J. M., Mackowski, E., Majorana, C. N., Man, M., Mantovani, F., Marion, J., Marque, F., Martelli, A., Masserot, L., Massonnet, M., Mazzoni, Milano, Leopoldo, C., Moin, J., Moreau, F., Moreau, N., Morgado, F., Mornet, B., Mour, J., Pacheco, A., Pai, C., Palomba, F., Paoletti, S., Pardi, A., Pasqualetti, R., Passaquieti, D., Passuello, B., Perniola, F., Piergiovanni, L., Pinard, R., Poggiani, M., Punturo, P., Puppo, K., Qipiani, P., Rapagnani, V., Reita, A., Remillieux, F., Ricci, I., Ricciardi, P., Ruggi, Russo, Guido, Solimeno, Salvatore, A., Spallicci, R., Stanga, R., Taddei, D., Tombolato, A., Toncelli, M., Tonelli, E., Tournefier, F., Travasso, H., Trinquet, M., Varvella, D., Verkindt, F., Vetrano, A., Viceré, J. Y., Vinet, H., Vocca, M., Yvert, Z., Zhou, Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Gravitational-wave observatory, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Phase (waves), Optical system design, onde gravitazionali, [ PHYS.ASTR.CO ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Gravitation, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Optics, law, 04.80Nn, 07.60Ly, 07.05Dz, 95.55.Br, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ottica, 010306 general physics, Interferometer, [ SDU.ASTR ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Physics, gravitational wave detector, interferometer, interferometri, optical system design, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, Gravitational wave, Mechanical Engineering, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Michelson interferometer, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Gravitational wave detector, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Interferometry, [ SDU.ASTR.CO ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Antenna (radio), business
Abstract

The interferometric gravitational wave detectors represent the ultimate evolution of the classical Michelson interferometer. In order to measure the signal produced by the passage of a gravitational wave, they aim to reach unprecedent sensitivities in measuring the relative displacements of the mirrors. One of them, the 3-km-long Virgo gravitational wave antenna, which will be particularly sensitive in the low-frequency range (10-100 Hz), is presently in its commissioning phase. In this paper the various techniques developed in order to reach its target extreme performance are outlined.

Published
2007

45. Impact of intercity low-carbon technology transfer on carbon emission reduction in China:Based on the 'dichotomy' of knowledge learning and technology learning

Author

SHANG Yongmin, MI Zefeng, ZHOU Can, LIN Lan

Subjects
low-carbon technology transfer, knowledge learning, technology learning, carbon emissions, spatial durbin model, china, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

[Objective] Increasing the transfer of low-carbon technology (LCT) is the key to narrowing the gap in LCT between regions and improving the overall level of low-carbon technology of China. This study aims to explore the relationship between LCT transfer and carbon emission reduction, as well as the impact of knowledge learning and technical learning on China’s carbon emissions, in order to find an effective LCT transfer path. [Methods] Inspired by innovation dichotomy, LCT transfer can be divided into two innovation cooperation models—STI (Science, Technology, Innovation) and DUI (Doing, Using, Interacting), corresponding to knowledge learning and technology learning, respectively. Based on the data of intercity LCT patent transfer of 284 cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this study analyzes the pattern of China’s intercity low-carbon technology transfer, and explored the impact of STI and DUI on carbon emissions by using spatial econometric models. [Results] The research showed that: (1) China’s inter-city LCT transfer has the characteristics of high concentration and hierarchy, which presents a “core-periphery” structure with the main urban agglomerations in the country as the “core” and other cities as the “periphery”. However, the overall carbon emissions presented a geographical pattern of high in the north and low in the south. (2) China’s intercity low-carbon technology transfer has a positive impact on the carbon emission reduction of the place where the technology is transferred, but there are differences due to the way of technology transfer. Among them, technology transfer based on knowledge learning has a relatively stronger impact on carbon emission reduction. (3) Knowledge learning and technology learning both had positive effects in economically developed cities, but only knowledge learning has a positive impact in economically underdeveloped cities. All cities need to follow the law of heterogeneous LCT transfer and promote the efficient allocation of LCT resources. [Conclusion] There was a spatial mismatch between the level of LCT transfer and carbon emission intensity in cities China. Technology transfer based on knowledge learning can effectively compensate for the market failure of that based on technology learning. There was regional heterogeneity in the impact of China’s intercity LCT transfer on carbon emission reduction. Considering the positive impact of LCT transfer, it is necessary to actively build a multi-center, multi-level LCT transfer network, coordinate the role of academic research institutions and enterprises in low-carbon technology transfer, promote intercity low-carbon technology transfer in accordance with regional conditions, and actively improve the low-carbon technology transfer service system.

Published
2023
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