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Seven new species of haplochromine cichlids from Lake Victoria are described. They comprise four detritivorous and three phytoplanktivorous species. Their affinities to other Lake Victoria haplochromines are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM), the genetic mutation status is important in treatment selection and prognostication for survival outcomes. This study aims to investigate the relationship between radiomics imaging features and the genetic mutation status (KRAS mutation versus no mutation) in a large multicenter dataset of patients with CRLM and validate these findings in an external dataset. Patients with initially unresectable CRLM treated with systemic therapy of the randomized controlled CAIRO5 trial (NCT02162563) were included. All CRLM were semi-automatically segmented in pre-treatment CT scans and radiomics features were calculated from these segmentations. Additionally, data from the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI) were used for external validation. A total of 255 patients from the CAIRO5 trial were included. Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Gradient Boosting + LightGBM, and Ensemble machine-learning classifiers showed AUC scores of 0.77 (95%CI 0.62-0.92), 0.77 (95%CI 0.64-0.90), 0.72 (95%CI 0.57-0.87), and 0.86 (95%CI 0.76-0.95) in the internal test set. Validation of the models on the external dataset with 129 patients resulted in AUC scores of 0.47-0.56. Machine-learning models incorporating CT imaging features could identify the genetic mutation status in patients with CRLM with a good accuracy in the internal test set. However, in the external validation set, the models performed poorly. External validation of machine-learning models is crucial for the assessment of clinical applicability and should be mandatory in all future studies in the field of radiomics.

Traditional hand-held light field cameras only observe a small fraction of the cone of light emitted by a scene point. As a consequence, the study of interesting angular effects like iridescence are beyond the scope of such cameras. This paper envisions a new design for sensing light fields with wide baselines, so as to sense a significantly larger fraction of the cone of light emitted by scene points. Our system achieves this by imaging the scene, indirectly, through an ellipsoidal mirror. We show that an ellipsoidal mirror maps a wide cone of light from locations near one of its foci to a narrower cone at its other focus; thus, by placing a conventional light field camera at a focus, we can observe a wide-baseline light field from the scene near the other focus. We show via simulations and a lab prototype that wide-baseline light fields excel in the traditional applications involving changes in focus and perspective. Additionally, the larger cone of light that they observe allows the study of iridescence and thin-film interference. Perhaps surprisingly, the larger cone of light allows us to estimate surface normals of scene points by reasoning about their visibility.

Objective: Sentinel lymph-node (SLN) mapping for early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is comprehensive and consequently time-consuming and costly. This study evaluated the clinical value of several SLN imaging components and analyzed the accuracy for SLN identification using a streamlined SLN imaging protocol in early-stage OSCC., Materials and Methods: This retrospective within-patient evaluation study compared both number and localization of identified SLNs between the conventional SLN imaging protocol and a streamlined imaging protocol (dynamic lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) for 10 min directly post-injection and SPECT-CT at ~ 2 h post-injection). LSG and SPECT-CT images of 77 early-stage OSCC patients, scheduled for SLN biopsy, were evaluated by three observers. Identified SLNs using either protocol were related to histopathological assessment of harvested SLNs, complementary neck dissection specimens and follow-up status., Results: A total of 200 SLNs were identified using the streamlined protocol, and 12 additional SLNs (n = 212) were identified with the conventional protocol in 10 patients. Of those, 9/12 were identified on early static LSG and 3/12 on late static LSG. None of the additionally identified SLNs contained metastases; none of those in whom additional SLNs were identified developed regional recurrence during follow-up. Only inferior alveolar process carcinoma showed a higher rate of additionally identified SLNs with the conventional protocol (p = 0.006)., Conclusion: Early dynamic LSG can be reduced to 10 min. Late static LSG may be omitted, except in those with a history of oncological neck treatment or with OSCC featuring slow lymphatic drainage. Early static LSG appeared to be contributory in most OSCC subsites., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common pediatric infections worldwide, but the complex microbiology associated with OM is poorly understood. Previous studies have shown an association between OM and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in children. Therefore, in order to bridge the gap in our current understanding of the interaction between GER and OM, we investigated the nasopharyngeal and middle ear microbiota of children suffering from GER-associated OM and OM only, using culture-independent 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal swabs, and clinical data were collected as part of a prospective pilot study conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. A total of 30 children up to 12 years of age who suffered from recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) (5), chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) (23), or both (2), and who were listed for tympanostomy tube placement, were included in the study. Nine children were included in the GER-associated OM cohort and 21 in the OM-only cohort. We found no obvious effect of GER on the nasopharyngeal and middle ear microbiota between the two groups of children. However, our results highlight the need to assess the true role of Alloiococcus spp. and Turicella spp. in children presenting with a high prevalence of recurrent AOM and chronic OME.