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An important public health problem in India is dengue infection, and every year there is an increase in the number of dengue cases. Dengue affects all individuals irrespective of their gender and age, but still, the infection rate was higher among males and younger ones. Despite low severity in general, the dengue virus can cause severe health conditions in some individuals. Genetic characterization of the circulating endemic dengue virus (DENV) serotypes plays a significant role in establishing epidemiological knowledge and subsequent vaccine development. In the present study over a 4-yr period, we tried to figure out the dengue virus transmission dynamics in major regions of western Uttar Pradesh in North India. ELISA tests were used to diagnose dengue, and PCRs were used to determine the circulating serotype. We found that dengue infection peaks after the rainy season and affects all sexes and ages. A total of 1277 individual are found positive for dengue, among them 61.7% are males and 38.3% are females, DEN-1 was found in 23.12%, DEN-2 in 45%, DEN-3 in 29.06%, and DEN-4 in 1.5% of the dengue infected individuals. All four dengue virus serotypes are circulating in the study area, and dengue virus serotype-2 (DEN-2) is the most prevalent serotype.

An important public health problem in India is dengue infection, and every year there is an increase in the number of dengue cases. Dengue affects all individuals irrespective of their gender and age, but still, the infection rate was higher among males and younger ones. Despite low severity in general, the dengue virus can cause severe health conditions in some individuals. Genetic characterization of the circulating endemic dengue virus (DENV) serotypes plays a significant role in establishing epidemiological knowledge and subsequent vaccine development. In the present study over a 4-yr period, we tried to figure out the dengue virus transmission dynamics in major regions of western Uttar Pradesh in North India. ELISA tests were used to diagnose dengue, and PCRs were used to determine the circulating serotype. We found that dengue infection peaks after the rainy season and affects all sexes and ages. A total of 1277 individual are found positive for dengue, among them 61.7% are males and 38.3% are females, DEN-1 was found in 23.12%, DEN-2 in 45%, DEN-3 in 29.06%, and DEN-4 in 1.5% of the dengue infected individuals. Dengue infects all individuals irrespective of gender and age. Still, the infection is most common among male individuals and younger ones. All four dengue virus serotypes are circulating in the study area, and dengue virus serotype-2 (DEN-2) is the most prevalent serotype.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important foodborne pathogens, known to cause enteric infections especially diarrhea, mainly attributed to Shiga toxins (Stxs). The use of certain antibiotics for treating this infection is controversial, owing to an increased risk for producing Stxs (Stx 1 and Stx 2). Increased antibiotic resistance is also thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of STEC diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of antibiotics on induction of Stx 1 and Stx 2 in clinical STEC isolates and to investigate the relationships between increased resistance and Stx production. Fifteen clinical isolates were treated with sub minimum inhibitory concentrations (Sub MIC) of clinically used antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, tigecycline, and meropenem), and the changes in expression levels of stx1 and stx2 genes were estimated using qRT-PCR. The expressions of Shiga toxins were found to be increased up to 6.5- and eightfold under ciprofloxacin and tigecycline Sub MIC, respectively. Fosfomycin had weak induction effect of up to twofold, whereas meropenem had the weakest influence on such expression. Resistant isolates were found to be more prone to increased expression of toxins.

Background: Post-surgical rehabilitation of Colle’s fracture requires manual and exercise therapy to restore normal hand function. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of Maitland mobilization and Mulligan’s mobilization with movement on hand function and pain after Colle’s fracture. Study Design: Non randomized clinical study. Methodology: Study was conducted after ethical approval, at physiotherapy department Mayo hospital Lahore in 2019-20. Sample of 60 patients estimated by epitool, was divided into three equal groups (A, B & C). Subjects were screened on the basis of predefined eligibility criteria. All three groups received the respective therapy along with baseline treatment on alternate days for 4 weeks. Pre and post treatment and follow up assessments included VAS, patient rated wrist evaluation questionnaire and wrist ranges of motion with goniometer. Results: Mean age of participants was 45.38±6.58 years. No significant measures were found in any of the outcome measure between Maitland and Mulligan mobilization (p

Emerging viruses causing Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) can be more damaging due to irreversible brain damage, irrespective of the identical medical characteristics created by all agents. We report two cases of acute encephalitis syndrome caused by Japanese encephalitis virus from a usually under-reported geographic region of India. Both patients were managed conservatively with favourable outcome in one of them.There should be considerable effort to identify the particular causative agent that triggers AES, bearing in mind the various clinical manifestations of Japanese encephalitis virus. Although there is no significant impact on management, it is possible to prevent transmission to healthy contacts and the community through vector control and vaccination.

In present research work, La+3 substitution in barium hexaferrite having formula BaLaxFe12−xO19 where x varies from 0.1 to 0.6 with the step size of 0.1 have been prepared using traditional solid-state method and sintered at 1100 °C for 2 h. The impact of La+3 ions on structural, morphological, optical, magnetic and ferroelectric properties of the samples have been investigated using X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer and ferroelectric technique, respectively. The structural analysis revealed the formation of single-phase hexagonal structure. The surface morphology shows that the grains have definite boundary with some agglomeration. The value of band energy decreases as the concentration of La+3 ions increase in barium hexaferrite. The VSM data endorse the clear ferromagnetic M–H curve in which the value of coercivity and saturation magnetization have non-monotonic sequence. Ferroelectric analysis reveals that all samples except sample x = 0.1 have less polarizability which leads to these materials to be used in high-frequency applications.

Co-existence of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic nature in bismuth substituted M-type barium hexaferrites has been investigated in this current project. A series of samples with formula BaBixFe(12-x) (where x varies from 0.2 to 1.2 with step size of 0.2) have been prepared by conventional powder metallurgy route. The structural, functional group analysis, surface morphology, optical, dielectric, ferroelectric, and ferromagnetic properties of samples are characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), LCR meter, ZT-IA, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) respectively. XRD and FTIR confirm the single phase of hexagonal structure of bismuth doped M-type barium hexaferrite. The platelet like structures is observed on the surface of the samples. The optical band gap energy decreases due to the formation of intermediate states between the valence and conduction bands as the concentration of Bi ions increases. The variation in dielectric constant and ac conductivity depends upon the frequency of the applied field as well as the composition of the samples. P-E loop shows clear ferroelectric behavior. The maximum saturation polarization of 5.42 μC/cm2 is observed. The presence of FeO6 octahedron at three (12 k, 2a, and 4f2) crystallographic sites in the hexagonal unit cell is the origin of induced polarization. Magnetic properties reveal the strong ferromagnetism of bismuth doped M-type barium hexaferrite at room temperature.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major bacterial pathogen associated with a variety of infections with high mortality rates. Most of the clinical P. aeruginosa isolates belong to a limited number of genetic subgroups characterized by multiple housekeeping genes’ sequences (usually 5–7) through the Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) scheme. The emergence and dissemination of novel multidrug-resistant (MDR) sequence types (ST) in P. aeruginosa pose serious clinical concerns.&nbsp, We performed whole-genome sequencing on a cohort (n = 160) of MDR P. aeruginosa isolates collected from a tertiary care hospital lab in Pakistan and found six isolates belonging to six unique MLST allelic profiles. The genomes were submitted to the PubMLST database and new ST numbers (ST3493, ST3494, ST3472, ST3489, ST3491, and ST3492) were assigned to the respective allele combinations. MLST and core-genome-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed the divergence of these isolates and positioned them in separate branches. Analysis of the resistome of the new STs isolates revealed the presence of genes blaOXA-50, blaPAO, blaPDC, blaVIM-2, aph(3′)-IIb, aac(6′)-II, aac(3)-Id, fosA, catB7, dfrB2, crpP, merP and a number of missense and frame-shift mutations in chromosomal genes conferring resistance to various antipseudomonal antibiotics. The exoS, exoT, pvdE, rhlI, rhlR, lasA, lasB, lasI, and lasR genes were the most prevalent virulence-related genes among the new ST isolates. The different genotypic features revealed the adaptation of these new clones to a variety of infections by various mutations in genes affecting antimicrobial resistance, quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Close monitoring of these antibiotic-resistant pathogens and surveillance mechanisms needs to be adopted to reduce their spread to the healthcare facilities of Pakistan. We believe that these strains can be used as reference strains for future comparative analysis of isolates belonging to the same STs.

The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is a major agri-food export contributor within China. Growing quality requirements for agri-food export, increasing green trade barriers, and a desire to emphasize sustainable trade at regional levels have prompted Xinjiang to pay increased attention to agri-food export competitiveness. The paper uses the export sophistication index to investigate the overall and classificatory export competitiveness of Xinjiang’s Agricultural Products (APs). The results are compared to the national average within China by calculating the relative export sophistication. The research finds that (1) Xinjiang’s APs exports are predominant in medium and medium-low-sophistication products. Along with the expanding scale, its structure has been optimized overall. (2) Horticultural products keep a leading position, not having strong competitiveness in Xinjiang but also far exceeding the national average. However, the bulk APs, livestock products, aquatic products, beverages and tobacco, and other APs have no significant export competitiveness compared to the national average. (3) The export structure of Xinjiang’s APs is highly concentrated in horticultural products, showing an adverse trend in export competitiveness distribution—”the strong getting stronger and the weak getting weaker,” and a slower upgrading than the national average since the outbreak of COVID-19, which requires the attention of policymakers.

The evolution of various properties of cobalt-doped M-type barium hexa-ferrites has been investigated in this project. A series of cobalt-doped M-type barium hexa-ferrites having general composition BaCoxFe(12-x)O19 with x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 was prepared using powder metallurgy route. For the thermal decomposition, prepared powders were heat-treated at 1373 Ko for 2 h in a muffle furnace. The structural analysis, 3-D structural visualization, functional group analysis, surface morphology, elemental analysis, optical, dielectric, ferromagnetic, and ferroelectric properties of samples were characterized using different characterization techniques. X-ray diffractometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of single-phase hexagonal structure of cobalt-doped M-type barium hexa-ferrite. The optical bandgap energy and saturation magnetization of the prepared samples increased with increasing cobalt concentration which made them suitable for light-emitting diodes and laser formation. Their dielectric properties show the insulting nature of the ferrites. Ferro-electric loop exhibits formation of non-centrosymmetric covalent bonds with an increase in the electric coercive field and remanent polarization. The electric polarization in the unit cell of barium hexa-ferrites is based on FeO6 octahedron. The oxygen O6 is located at three crystallographic sites (4f, 2a and 12 k). The iron ion is normally located at the center of the oxygen octahedron. The formation of non-centrosymmetric covalent bonds is due to the shifts off-center of iron ions under the application of external field. The ferroelectric loops are also not properly closed which indicates the magnetoelectric (ME) coupling and improves multiferroicity of the material.

Synthesis of efficient antibacterial agents has become extremely important due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. This is especially true for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen having ability to rapidly develop resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics thus limiting the efficacy of antibiotics approved for clinical use. Aluminum (Al)-doped NiO nanoparticles are of special interest due to their enhanced antipseudomonal properties at certain Al-doping levels. The composite hydroxide mediated (CHM) approach was opted for the synthesis of pure nickel oxide (NiO) and Al-doped nickel oxide (Ni1–xAlxO; x = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt.%) nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used for structural analysis of these nanoparticles. Morphology and elemental composition of these nanoparticles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. The optical properties were investigated by using UV-visible spectroscopy and Kubelka-Munk Theory and Tauc relation were employed for energy bandgap calculation of these nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of representative Al-doped NiO nanoparticles was assessed on multidrug-resistant clinical P. aeruginosa strains. The agar well and disc-diffusion methods were used to assess the antibacterial efficacy of (Al)-doped NiO compared to pure NiO nanoparticles. Interestingly, a gradual increase in the antibacterial activity was observed with increasing Al-doping concentration and the highest antibacterial activity was observed at x = 15 wt.% Al-doping concentration. The antipseudomonal efficacy of Ni1–xAlxO nanoparticles was comparable to aztreonam antibiotic, primarily used for Gram-negative bacterial infections. Hence, it is proposed that these nanoparticles can be used for coating surgical devices, bone prostheses, medical implants, antibacterial clothing and in pharmaceutical formulations as burn ointments to produce the antimicrobial effect.

EmergingvirusescausingAcute EncephalitisSyndrome (AES)canbemoredamagingduetoirreversiblebraindamage,irrespectiveoftheidenticalmedicalcharacteristicscreatedbyallagents. We report two cases of acute encephalitis syndrome caused by Japanese encephalitis virus from a usually under-reported geographic region of India. Both patients were managed conservatively with favourable outcome in one of them.There should be considerable effort to identify the particular causative agent that triggers AES, bearing in mind the various clinical manifestations of Japanese encephalitis virus. Although there is no significant impact on management, it is possible to prevent transmission to healthy contacts and the community through vector control and vaccination. &nbsp

A series of Agx-substituted Co0.05−x Zn0.95O (x = 0.00–0.05) nanoparticles calcined at 700 °C have been synthesized using a simple co-precipitation technique. The prepared nanoparticles have been analyzed for their structural, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties using X-ray diffractometer, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and inductor capacitor and resistor meter, respectively. The XRD results verify the formation of pure hexagonal wurtzite structure. FTIR spectra show a band at 439 cm−1 that is the characteristic stretching band of Zn–O which also confirms the formation of hexagonal structure. The band-gap energy decreases as the concentration of Ag increases except for samples with concentration x = 0.01 and x = 0.03. VSM results reveal that nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetism at room temperature. The dielectric constant and tangent loss decreases with increasing frequency. However, the a.c. conductivity increases with increasing frequency. The prepared nanoparticles can be used in a variety of applications such as optoelectronic, memory, and microelectronic devices.

In this research project a series of chromium substituted barium hexa-ferrites with formula BaCrxFe(12-x)O19 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6) have been synthesized using powder metallurgy route, sintered at 1100 °C for 2 h. The structural, functional analysis, surface morphology, magnetic and ferroelectric properties have been investigated using X-ray diffractometer, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and ferroelectric technique, respectively. The structural analysis reveals the formation of barium hexaferrite structure with minor secondary phase of Hematite α- Fe2O3 in first five samples. Surface morphology shows that all grains have definite grains shape and grain boundaries. VSM analysis revealed the antiferromagnetic loops due to existence of hematite phase in (x = 0 to x = 0.5) samples, whereas the sample (x = 0.6) shows the ferro-magnetic behavior. Ferroelectric measurement shows centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric orientation and maximum remnant polarization due to presence of more Fe2+ ions in (x = 0.1–0.5) so that not proper closing of first five samples enhanced the magnetoelectric (ME) coupling.

The electric field control of the exchange bias has considerable application scope in modern spintronic devices such as magnetic random-access memories. Herein, we utilize an all-solid-state $\mathrm{Li}$-ion redox capacitor with an antiferromagnetic electrode for reversible control of the exchange bias in a $\mathrm{Co}/{\mathrm{Co}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ heterostructure. The controlled intercalation and deintercalation of Li ions in the antiferromagnetic ${\mathrm{Co}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ anode via galvanostatic charge and discharge enables reversible and nonvolatile control of the exchange bias. The mechanism of exchange-bias control in the $\mathrm{Co}/{\mathrm{Co}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ heterostructure is studied using various characterization techniques. This work establishes an approach to control the exchange bias in all-solid-state magnetoionics, which is of great practical importance for the development of modern spintronic devices.

In this present work, antimony-substituted cadmium ferrites with formula CdSbxFe2−xO4 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) have been synthesized using the ceramic route. The structural, surface morphological, magnetic and optical properties have been investigated using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and UV–visible spectroscopy, respectively. XRD confirms the single cubic spinel structure of antimony-substituted cadmium ferrites. The lattice parameter increases due to the replacement of Fe+3 (0.64 A) ions with Sb+3 (0.76 A). FTIR gives the main vibrational band that lies in the range of 400–600 cm−1 which might be due to the stretching vibration of oxygen and metal ions, confirming the formation of spinel ferrite. The saturation magnetization decreases and coercivity increases as the concentration of non-magnetic antimony ion increases. The optical band gap energy decreases with increasing the concentration of antimony ions.

Silver nanoparticles decorated rGO (Ag-rGO) has been synthesized by the simple one step chemical reduction method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the structural and chemical networks. The obtained SEM image reveals the formation of sheet like structure of rGO with the decoration of silver nanoparticles, and the broad diffraction peak at ∼24° also supports the formation of rGO sheets. The larger intensity of D band with respect to the G band in Raman spectra confirmed the increasing number of defects present in Ag-rGO. The FTIR signatures at 1042 cm−1 correspond to the presence of C-O-Ag bond which also gives the confirmation for the successful synthesis of Ag-rGO. The calculated value showed that the specific capacitance for GO was 1.41 F/g while for Ag-rGO it was 50 F/g at the scan rate of 0.1 V/s. Hence, this material can be used in different applications owing to their superior properties.

Modulation of magnetism by electric-field-driven ion migration has huge potential for tuning of magnetic properties and inducing magnetic functionalities. This article reports the use of a solid-electrolyte Li${}^{+}$ redox capacitor for reversible modulation of magnetic anisotropy and magnetization in thin films of Co${}_{40}$Fe${}_{40}$B${}_{20}$, an alloy much studied for spintronics. The technique is a means to control the magnetic properties of metallic thin films via solid-state ionics, by marrying the physics of lithium-ion batteries and magnetic tunnel junctions. Strain engineering via the lithiation-delithiation cycle is also a possibility.

Numerous endeavors have been exerted to devise deep-blue light-emitting materials (LEMs) for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Nevertheless, deep-blue light-emitting materials exhibiting high efficiency for simple-structured OLEDs are still scarce. Herein, a donor-acceptor based LEM, 4'-(4, 5-diphenyl-1-(3-(pyren-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole-2-yl)-N,N-diphenylbiphenyl-4-amine (TPA-PyI) is developed by merging imidazole, triphenyl-amine and pyrene units for OLEDs. TPA-PyI is used as the emitting layer in OLED device, which emits a deep-blue fluorescence at 444 nm. With a current efficiency (CE) of 3.05 cd/A and a power efficiency (PE) of 2.95 lm/W, an EQE of 2.97% is achieved. High thermal-stability is achieved with decomposition-temperature (Td) of 516 °C.

Background Physiologist-led stress echocardiography (PLSE) services provide potential for expansion of SE services and increased productivity for cardiologists. There are however no published data on the feasibility of PLSE. We sought to assess the feasibility, safety and robustness of PLSE and cardiologist-led stress echocardiography (CLSE) for coronary artery disease (CAD) assessment. Methods Retrospective analysis of 898 patients undergoing PLSE or CLSE for CAD assessment using exercise or dobutamine stress over 24 months. PLSE involved 2 cardiac physiologists (exercise) or 1 physiologist plus 1 cardiac nurse (dobutamine). A cardiology registrar was present in the echocardiography department during PLSE in case of medical complications. CLSE involved 1 physiologist and 1 trainee cardiologist who analysed the study and reviewed findings with an imaging cardiologist. Sixteen-segment wall motion scoring (WMS, WMSI) analysis was performed. Feasibility (stressor, image quality, proportion of completed studies, agreement with imaging cardiologist analysis) and safety (complication rate) were compared for PLSE and CLSE. Results The majority of studies were CLSE (56.2%) and used dobutamine (68.7%). PLSE more commonly used exercise (69.2%). Overall, 96% of studies were successfully completed (>14 diagnostic segments in 98%, P = 0.899 PLSE vs CLSE). Commencement of PLSE was associated with an increase in annual SE’s performed for CAD assessment. Complication rates were comparably very low for PLSE and CLSE (0.8% vs 1.8%, P = 0.187). There was excellent agreement between PLSE and CLSE WMS interpretation of 480 myocardial segments at rest (κ = 0.87) and stress (κ = 0.70) and WMSI (ICCs and Pearson’s r >0.90, zero Bland–Altman mean bias). Conclusion This to our knowledge is the first study of the feasibility of PLSE. PLSE performed by well-trained physiologists is feasible and safe in contemporary practice. PLSE and CLSE interpretation of stress echocardiography for CAD agree very closely.

M-type barium hexa-ferrites having general formula Ba1−xLaxFe12O19 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) have been prepared through conventional ceramic route. The effect of La3+ ions on structural, surface morphological, optical, magnetic, and frequency-dependent dielectric properties has been investigated through X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, UV–visible spectrophotometer, vibrating sample magnetometer, and inductor capacitor and resistance meter, respectively. XRD confirms the hexagonal structure of La3+-substituted Ba hexa-ferrites. FTIR confirmed that bands in the range 500–600 cm−1 might be due to the stretching vibration of oxygen and metal (Fe–O) ions which confirm the formation of hexa-ferrite. The band-gap energy decreases with increasing concentration of La3+ ions. The coercivity increases with the La3+ substitutions due to high magnetocrystalline anisotropy. It is observed that the dielectric constant and conductivity increase, while tangent loss decreases, as the frequency increases.

We performed Illumina whole-genome sequencing on a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient with chronic airway colonization. The draft genome comprises 6,770,411 bp, including the carbapenemase bla NDM-1 and the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase bla PME-1 .

OBJECTIVE To determine association of immunohistochemical over expression of GLUT 1 (Glucose transporter 1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with histopathological grade and smoking. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Pathology Department, King Edward Medical University (KEMU), Lahore, from January 2018 to July 2018. METHODOLOGY Paraffin blocks of diagnosed cases of oral SCC presenting at Pathology Department, KEMU, were selected for immunostain GLUT 1. Tumor was graded by WHO 2010 grading. Immunoreactive score (IRS) was calculated for GLUT 1, by multiplying proportion and intensity score of stain. Data was analysed by SPSS 21. Chi-square test was used to measure correlation between GLUT 1 staining, smoking and grade of tumor. P

A person’s physical and mental well-being or ill-being is an outcome of multi-level (individual, household, neighborhood, local, national, and global) social, economic, environmental and political milieus under which the person is living. The present study is primarily in search of finding the non-income determinants of farmwomen’s health in rural areas of district Bahawalnagar (Punjab-Pakistan). SRH is used to gauge the state of respondents’ health. The study reveals that farmwomen’s health determinants are particular to them and their families. The study concludes that marriages at early age may result in serious health concerns for a farmwoman. More participation in activities relating to livestock management may increase a rural woman’s work burden that may ultimately result in poor health status. The study also reveals that greater the number of pregnancies, higher the chances to have poor health status of that working woman. Living under joint family system, increases a woman’s likelihood to have good health status. Husband’s higher education status is found to be associating with wife’s good health status. Availability of labor-saving home appliances may save efforts and energies of domestic women and are found to be increasing the likelihood to have good health. The study suggests that at household level, a farmwoman’s health concerns could be minimized by lowering her productive and reproductive work burdens. In reducing her burden relating to productive work, the use of labor or effort saving ways of working through the use of technology is imperative. While a woman’s reproductive work burden could be reduced through discouraging early and excessive child bearing. A woman’s level of education and that of her spouse may positively contribute not only for her own health but for the good health of a farm family.

Background: Unprovoked P.E warrants further assessment of patient for possible malignancy, given its implication on choice and duration of anticoagulant therapy. NICE guidelines recommend initial clinical assessment and basic tests, before considering CT abdomen/Pelvis. It also recommends considering CT abdomen/pelvis, in the absence of clinical symptoms, patients over the age of 40 years. Aim: To assess need for CT imaging of abdomen & pelvis in unprovoked P.E, in absence of clinical symptoms/signs suggestive of cancer. Methodology: A retrospective study of 397 patients were diagnosed with P.E was undertaken at a tertiary teaching hospital. The proportion of patients who underwent further investigation with CT Abdomen/Pelvis and were subsequently diagnosed with abdominal malignancy was noted. Results: 253 of the total of 397 patients had unprovokedP.E.7 patients (2.76%) had evidence of new intra- abdominal malignancy.7 patients,3 were undergoing investigation for malignancy and PE was an incidental finding.2 patients were seen in clinic post discharge and had symptoms warranting further investigation. 3 (1.18%) patients without clinical signs/symptoms suggestive of cancer underwent CT abdomen /pelvis as inpatients, which showed evidence of intra-abdominal malignancy. All those 7 patients were above 40 years of age. Conclusion: The proportion of patients, who were found to have evidence of intra-abdominal malignancy on CT scan in the absence of clinical signs/symptoms was very small (1.18%). The risk versus benefit balance is not satisfied, for these patients to undergo imaging for occult intra-abdominal malignancy. To conclude, it is pertinent to consider patient’s clinical symptoms and risk factors.

Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis is usually caused by surgery, malignancy or trauma and rarely by viral infections. Herpes zoster (shingles) results in varied neurological complications, but peripheral motor involvement or diaphragmatic paralysis is rare. We report the case of an 87-year-old male who presented with worsening breathlessness soon after an episode of shingles, affecting his right neck and upper chest. He had no alarm symptoms, history of trauma or malignancy. Skin lesions resolved after a few weeks, but his breathing did not improve. Chest X-ray revealed a new finding of elevated right hemidiaphragm; diaphragmatic ultrasound confirmed paradoxical cranial movement of right hemidiaphragm on sniff testing. CT scan showed no lung mass and complete collapse of right lower lobe due to elevated right hemidiaphragm. Patient has required no treatment and is under regular follow-up with the ventilation clinic.

The main purpose of this research work is to develop the single domain magnetic particles of M-type barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) using oxide precursors employing conventional powder metallurgy technique. The phase formation and magnetic performance of the powders and magnets will be optimized by adjusting calcination and sintering temperatures. The synthesis of M-type barium hexaferrite was carried out in two sections. A series of four samples have been prepared by initial wet mixed powders calcined at different temperatures, i.e., 750, 850, 950 and 1050 °C. On the basis of structural analysis, the sample calcined at 950 °C has been selected and further divided into four parts to sintered them at 1100, 1150, 1200 and 1250 °C. The structural measurements depict the confirmation of M-type barium hexaferrite structure. SEM micrographs show the hexagonal-shaped grains. The abrupt decrease in coercivity for the sample sintered at 1250 °C has been seen which may be due to high sintering temperature, at which the particles have multi-domain properties.

The current project deals with the synthesis and characterization of bismuth doped cobalt ferrite with general formula of CoBi x Fe (2-x) O 4 (where x varies from zero to 0.5 with the step size of 0.1). This series have been prepared using powder metallurgy route. The structural, chemical, morphological, elemental, magnetic and optical properties have been investigated using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, VSM and UV Visible spectrometer respectively. Structural measurements show the confirmation of spinel structure. This also shows the decrease in lattice parameters and crystallite sizes, which are due to the replacement of larger cations Fe +3 by smaller cations Bi +3 . Functional groups or characteristic bonds of spinel ferrites have been investigated by FTIR spectrum. SEM micro graphs revealed the spherical shape of the particles, also shows the un-even or non-uniform grain boundaries. An EDX spectrum confirms the elemental composition of the prepared ferrites. UV-Visible spectrometer revealed the increase in band gap with the decrease in grain size. VSM reveals that saturation magnetization decreases with the increase of bismuth oxide content in CoBi x Fe (2-x) O 4 .

Background: Rapid diagnostic pathways for patients with suspected lung cancer are associated with better outcomes and reduced patient anxiety. Multi-disciplinary teams (MDT) should aim to minimise diagnostic delays and hospital visits needed to reach a diagnosis. Objectives: We evaluated our diagnostic pathway, to assess the burden placed on patients and identify factors delaying time to diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We examined data from 147 GP referrals with suspected (later confirmed) lung cancer between January 2014 and January 2015. Number of patient attendances, diagnostic and staging modalities used and time to diagnosis were recorded. Time taken to achieve a diagnosis in patients needing PET-CT was compared to those not needing it. Results: Of the 147, 50% were male, mean age 78 years. Median time from GP referral to first clinic was 6 days (SD 3.24). Median number of pre-diagnosis clinic and test visits was 2 and 1 respectively. 50% had PET-CT, 38% had bronchoscopy, 29% had EBUS and 9% CT guided biopsy. Median time from referral to treatment was 49 days (SD 33.17); decision to treatment was 8 days (SD 11.2) and number of MDT meetings was 2. Conclusions: Patients needing PET-CT waited significantly longer before their first treatment. As most patients in this group underwent treatment with curative intent, delays in this area could impact on patient outcomes and experience.

This paper examines the impact of climate change on livestock husbandry in tehsil Faisalabad, Pakistan by using Ricardian Approach. Study estimate the Ricardian model of net revenue from livestock (milking large ruminants), and further studied the marginal impact of climate change. The months for climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) incorporated in study, are Rabi and Kharif season in which green fodder is harvested for dairy animals. Results show that livestock production (milk production of large ruminants) in Tehsil Faisalabad is highly sensitive to climate change, and there is non-linear relationship between climate change and livestock productivity. Kharif precipitation and temperature has more adverse effect because in those months temperature and precipitation both are high. Household size and value of milking animal has positively significant relationship with net revenue from milk production. Study conclude that farmers should take some adaptation measures to deal with the impact of climate change through selection of cross breed (local and exotic) to resist heat and give good milk production. In hot season give daily bath to animal so body temperature remains stable. In Kharif season give more attention and care to livestock inventories.