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The rapid depletion of fossil fuel motivates researchers and policymakers to switch from the internal combustion engine (ICE) to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). However, the electric power distribution networks are congested, which lowers the accommodation of PEVs and produces higher power losses. Therefore, the study proposes an effective deterministic methodology to maximize the accommodation of PEVs and percentage power loss reduction (%PLR) in radial distribution networks (RDNs). In the first stage, the PEVs are allocated to the best bus, which is chosen based on the loading capacity to power loss index (LCPLI), and the accommodation profile of PEVs is developed based on varying states of charge (SoC) and battery capacities (BCs). In the second stage, the power losses are minimized in PEV integrated networks with the allocation of DG units using a recently developed parallel-operated arithmetic optimization algorithm salp swarm algorithm (AOASSA). In the third stage, the charging and discharging ratios of PEVs are optimized analytically to minimize power losses after planning PEVs and DGs. The outcomes reveal that bus-2 is the most optimal bus for accommodation of PEVs, as it has the highest level of LCPLI, which is 9.81 in the 33-bus system and 28.24 in the 69-bus system. The optimal bus can safely accommodate the largest number of electric vehicles, with a capacity of 31,988 units in the 33-bus system and 92,519 units in the 69-bus system. Additionally, the parallel-operated AOASSA mechanism leads to a reduction in power losses of at least 0.09% and 0.25% compared with other algorithms that have been previously applied to the 33-bus and 69-bus systems, respectively. Moreover, with an optimal charging and discharging ratio of PEVs in the IEEE-33-bus radial distribution network (RDN), the %PLR further improved by 3.08%, 4.19%, and 2.29% in the presence of the optimal allocation of one, two and three DG units, respectively. In the IEEE-69-bus RDN, the %PLR further improved by 0.09%, 0.09%, and 0.08% with optimal charge and discharge ratios in the presence of one, two, and three DG units, respectively. The proposed study intends to help the local power distribution companies to maximize accommodation of PEV units and minimize power losses in RDNs.

To alleviate the overloads in the power system and to reduce the exponential growth in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, deployment of the renewable energy sources (RES) into the power system is the need of the hour. However, injecting these RES into the current power system network causes large voltage and power overshoots hence deteriorate the transient response and power quality of the overall power system. In this paper, an efficient solution of the above-mentioned issues is explored by developing an optimal microgrid (MG) controller using one of the most modern and intelligent artificial intelligence (AI) techniques named the salp swarm optimization algorithm (SSA). The intelligence of the SSA is exploited to select the optimal controller gains and dc-link capacitance value by minimizing a time integrating error fitness function (FF) which in-turn enhances the dynamic response and power quality of the studied MG system. The proposed grid-tied MG controller is designed to achieve the preset active and reactive power sharing ratio between distributed generator (DG) and utility grid during DG and load switching conditions. To validate the superiority of the proposed controller, its performance is compared with that of its precedent grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA)-based controller for the identical operating conditions and system configuration. The outcomes of the study show that the proposed MG controller outperforms its competitor in terms of transient response and quality of power.

This manuscript presents the effects of changing modulation indices on current and voltage harmonics of universal motor when it is supplied by single phase PWM (SP-PWM) inverter, the effect has been analyzed with simulation and experimental setup. For variable speed applications universal motor can be controlled either by phase angle control drive or by SP-PWM inverter drive. SP-PWM inverter-fed drive is common technique that is used to adjust the voltage applied to motor, so that variable speed can be obtained. With the application of SP-PWM inverter-fed drive, harmonics are generated because of power electronic devices. According to the IEEE standard 519, the total harmonic distortion (THD) must be within 5%. In this paper, the effect of modulation index (MI) is used to analyze THD content, and its variation alters the harmonic content. However, the effects are also analyzed through experimental setup in order to validate the system performance. In future work, keeping modulation index constant, different PWM strategies can be employed in order to decrease harmonics.

This proposed antenna model and progressing the investigation of an inset fed wideband circular slotted patch antenna is suitable for 5.2 GHz satellite C-band applications. A circularly shaped slot has been chosen to be etched on diminutive square patch (4.4cm*5.64cm) of the inset feed antenna. The object of this work is to develop an efficient and inexpensive transducer system to facilitate its compatibility with monolithic microwave integrated circuits; expenses are minimized for its fabrication and trail low profile for C-band satellite links. This paper focuses on the circular profile of the microstrip patch antenna intended for the proficient gain to enhance the performance of the satellite communication. The return loss of -21.79dB with the directivity 8.22dB and gain of 8.17dB have been estimated. The efficiency of 97% with VSWR of 1.22 compensates each other with better simulation results.