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Considering the potential health hazardous effects, the distribution and deposition of heavy metals and trace elements including Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Pb in different tissues (skin, brain, liver, meat, and bone) of broiler and layer chickens, their feeds, litter, and eggs were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) after nitric/perchloric acid digestion. The samples for this study were taken from four poultry industries located at Sreepur upazila of Gazipur district of Bangladesh. The observed levels of heavy metals and trace element contents in different studied samples were to be in the range of 0.143±0.001 to 7.324±0.004 mg/kg for Mn, below the detection limit (BDL) to 324.43±0.003 mg/kg for Fe, 0.451±0.002 to 4.329±0.005 mg/kg for Cu, 0.014±0.001 to 7.413±0.003 mg/kg for Zn, 0.082±0.002 to 7.806±0.002 mg/kg for Cr, 0.112±0.002 to 1.581±0.002 mg/kg for Cd, and BDL to 34.775±0.004 mg/kg for Pb. Although some elements were found at a lower concentration in feed samples, they were found at a higher level in various parts of the examined chickens, eggs, and litter which may be resulted from other sources such as drinking water, soil, and the surrounding environment of the poultry industries. The brain contained a maximum amount of Cd, Cr, and Pb in comparison to other studied tissues of poultry. Most of the chicken body parts showed an excess level of Cr than the recommended guidelines. The Cu and Zn contents were usual in studied egg samples, whereas Mn, Fe, Cd, Cr, and Pb were found higher than their tolerance limits which are highly alarming for public health and demand regular governance and monitoring. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2021, 6 (3), 128-141

A study was investigated to estimate the current status of health hazardous organochlorine insecticide DDT and its metabolites DDE and DDD in different species of dry fish. To achieve the goal of this experiment, ten different sun-dried fish samples were collected from different markets of Dhaka city. The concentration of DDT, DDE and DDD was determined using the capillary column coupled to Gas Chromatograph with Electron Captured Detector (GC-ECD). Most of the dry fishes, seven out of ten samples, were found to be contaminated with DDT along with its metabolites DDE and DDD ranging from 0.029-1.22 mg/kg which is a serious concern because of the nature of long persistency and bioaccumulation of DDT in the environment. The highest concentration of DDT (1.22 mg/kg) was observed in Pampus chinensis dry fish whereas low concentration was detected in Otolithoides pama (0.029 mg/kg). Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2021, 5 (2), 79-84

This study was carried out to determine the presence and quantity of some selected pesticides from soil sediments collected from some ponds and canals located in the Lakshmipur district of Bangladesh. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was used to determine the concentration of pesticide residues. Some soil samples were found to be contaminated with carbamate (carbofuran and carbaryl) and organophosphorus (diazinon) pesticides. The concentration of carbofuran pesticide ranged from 0.303 μg/kg to 1.851 μg/kg. The highest concentration of carbofuran pesticide was found in SSP6 (1.851 μg/kg) and the lowest concentration was found in SSP9 (0.303 μg/kg). Carbaryl pesticide was found to be present in the sediment of only one pond, the concentration being 1.047 μg/kg. Organophosphorus (diazinon) pesticide was found in soil samples and the concentrations ranged from 0.147 μg/kg to 0.759 μg/kg, which were higher than the EEC-recommended limit of 0.1 μg/kg. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 46(2): 191-200, December 2020

Sediment samples were collected from ten selected sites of the lower Meghna River estuary, and six heavy metals were analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) to assess the contamination level and the metals’ association with sediment grain size. The current results revealed that the mean concentrations of the studied metals were ranked in descending order of iron (Fe) (1.29 × 103 mg/kg) > zinc (Zn) (42.41 mg/kg) > lead (Pb) (12.48 mg/kg) > chromium (Cr) (10.59 mg/kg) > copper (Cu) (6.22 mg/kg) > cadmium (Cd) (0.28 mg/kg). The geo-accumulation, contamination, and pollution load indexes suggested that the lower Meghna river estuary was not contaminated by Fe, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cu. The mean size of the sediment ranged from 28.92 to 126.2 μm, and the Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant association between Fe and Pb (coefficient of determination, r2 = 0.836; p

The current study is an endeavour to measure the bioaccumulation potentials of heavy metals in different parts of chilli plants (Capsicum annuum L.) grown in artificially contaminated soil with various concentrations of Cr and Pb. The concentrations of heavy metals were estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) technique. The mean concentration of Cr and Pb accumulated in different parts of plants in high, medium, and low levels of contamination was in the following order: roots > leaves > shoots > fruits. Cr concentration in fruits was lower than that of the WHO standard. However, fruits grown on medium contaminated soil contained 0.695 mg/kg Cr which did not follow the safe guideline by SEPA. A significant amount of Pb was traced in fruits grown in highly contaminated soil that exceeded the standard limit set by FAO/WHO. Accumulation of Pb was higher than Cr at different levels of contamination in every part of the chilli plants. The transfer factor for Cr and Pd was found in the following order, leaves > shoots > fruits> roots and leaves > shoots > roots > fruits, correspondingly at every level of contamination. The bioconcentration factors were higher in Pb than Cr. The daily intake of metals in combination with health and carcinogenic risk indexes indicated that the edible parts of chilli plants are safe to consume as recommended by SEPA/WHO/FAO. The present study can be considered a reference for assessment and monitoring of heavy metals associated with human health risks in chilli plants at different industrially contaminated sites.

A potent Cr (VI) resistant bacterial strain DHS-12(7) was isolated from tannery waste landfill site and identified as Bacillus sp. based on pheno- and genotypic methods. The maximum tolerable conce...

Heavy metals are non-biodegradable substances which cause serious carcinogenic effects on animals and humans. As fish occupy top position of aquatic food chain, it is a major source of heavy metal contamination. The concentration of Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were 0.0156 - 0.1428, 0.163 - 8.53, 0.0924 - 0.4026, 9.38 - 65.9382, 0.0473 - 0.1981 and 0.1473 - 1.8148 ppm respectively for the fish samples of Cox’s Bazar region while 0.0191 - 0.1386, 0.8445 - 0.1743, 0.102 - 0.4625, 0.102 - 0.4675, 9.7269 - 60.5267, 0.3108 - 0.046 ppm for the fish samples of Saint Martin’s region. Comparatively high concentrations of heavy metals were found to be accumulated in Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola), Rupchanda (Stromateus chinensis) and Chhuri (Trichiurus lepturus). The order of heavy metal concentrations were Fe > Zn > Cr > Cu > Mn > Cd. The concentration of heavy metals varied from species to species and most of the metals were not significantly correlated, even some metals showed negative correlation among them. Concentration of Fe in some fishes (Mola, Rupchanda and Chhuri) was found higher than WHO guideline values, while other metals exhibited the value below the WHO standard. The results of this study will assist in acquiring information about the level of toxic metals in these regions and to improve the coastal management in these areas in future. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 293-304, 2019

Refereed/Peer-reviewed Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's defense system wrongly attacks healthy body tissues. The objective of this current setup was to quantify and compare the serum concentration of ascorbic acid (Vit-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), c-reactive protein (CRP) and trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in SLE and normal subjects. Methods: The proposed case-control study was performed with 25 SLE patients and 25 healthy subjects as case and control, respectively. The serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin C was evaluated by UV spectrophotometric method. For the determination of CRP, the latex agglutination method was used, whereas serum trace elements were estimated by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results: This analysis demonstrated that patients with SLE possessed a significant (p < 0.001) higher level of MDA and lower level of vitamin C compared to control subjects. Pearson's correlation analysis found negative correlation between the serum level of MDA and vitamin C (r= -0.023, p = 0.887) for patients while control group also possessed similar result (r= -0.157, p = 0.453). The current findings have also revealed that serum level of Zn and Cu in SLE patients was significantly (p < 0.05) lowered to that of the control group, while serum level of Mn also showed a similar scenario. During Pearson's correlation analysis a significantly (p < 0.05) negative correlation was found between Zn and Mn (r= -0.410, p = 0.042) in patients' group. Conclusion: Although our study was limited to a small sample size and confined to a particular area of the country, the study results support a significant role of antioxidants, CRP, and trace elements in the generation of SLE and, therefore, recommends a large spectrum study of the associations between SLE and these biochemical parameters. usc

Radiation damage assessment of the small intestine is important in nuclear accidents or routine radiotherapy of abdominal tumors. This article reviews the clinical symptoms and molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced small intestinal damage and summarizes recent research on biomarkers of such damage. Citrulline is the most promising biomarker for the evaluation of radiation-induced small intestinal damage caused by radiotherapy and nuclear accidents. This article also summarizes the factors influencing plasma citrulline measurement investigated in the latest research, as well as new findings on the concentration of citrulline in saliva and urine after different types of radiation.

Application of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a variety of biosystems as a unique bioindicator or biomarker has revolutionized biological research and made groundbreaking achievements, while increasing evidence has shown alterations in biological properties and physiological functions of the cells and animals overexpressing transgenic GFP. In this work, response to total body irradiation (TBI) was comparatively studied in GFP transgenic C57BL/6-Tg (CAG-EGFP) mice and C57BL/6 N wild type mice. It was demonstrated that GFP transgenic mice were more sensitive to radiation-induced bone marrow death, and no adaptive response could be induced. In the nucleated bone marrow cells of GFP transgenic mice exposed to a middle dose, there was a significant increase in both the percentage of cells expressing pro-apoptotic gene Bax and apoptotic cell death. While in wild type cells, lower expression of pro-apoptotic gene Bax and higher expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and significant lower induction of apoptosis were observed compared to GFP transgenic cells. Results suggest that presence of GFP could alter response to TBI at whole body, cellular and molecular levels in mice. These findings indicate that there could be a major influence on the interpretation of the results obtained in GFP transgenic mice.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that is a painful health crisis. This study aimed to assess the serum C-reactive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), non-enzymatic antioxidant (vitamin C), and trace elements (Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) in RA patients, and thereby correlate these parameters with the association of RA. This study included 20 Bangladeshi RA patients and 20 normal healthy volunteers as control subjects. CRP level was determined using a laboratory-based latex agglutination–enhanced immunoassay. The lipid peroxidation level was determined by measurement of the serum level of MDA. Non-enzymatic antioxidant vitamin C was assessed by UV spectrophotometric method. Trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Our study observed significantly higher concentrations of CRP (p

Water flow is a vital requirement of a river to secure ecological health status. We investigated the low flow of Turag River and its effect on the heavy metals concentration. Generally, the water of the river flowed very less from January to May. The reverse result was found from June to October. Keeping in mind this fact, eight different heavy metals were statistically analyzed. We observed that during low flow season five heavy metals surpass the standard limit for irrigation. Considering irrigation standard, the order of contamination level was: Mn > Cd > Pb > Fe > Cr > Ni > Zn > Cu in low flow season. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain moderate flow in the river system.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 177-182 2017

Background. Heavy metals contamination of food is a serious threat. Long term exposure may lead to human health risks. Poultry and eggs are a major source of protein, but if contaminated by heavy metals, have the potential to lead to detrimental effects on human health. Objectives. The objective of this study is to determine chromium concentrations in poultry meat (flesh and liver) and eggs collected from poultry farms in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to calculate the daily intake of chromium from the consumption of poultry meat and eggs for adults, and to evaluate their potential health risk by calculating the target hazard quotients (THQ). Methods. All samples of poultry feed, meat (flesh and liver) and eggs were analyzed by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) (GFA- EX- 7i Shimadju, Japan). Results. Chromium concentrations were recorded in the range of not detected (ND) to 1.3926±0.0010 mg kg−1 and 0.0678±0.0001 mg kg−1 to 1.3764±0.0009 mg kg−1 in the liver of broiler and layer chickens, respectively. Chromium concentrations were determined in the range of 0.069±1.0004 mgkg−1 to 2.0746±0.0021 mg kg−1 and 0.0362±0.0002 mg kg−1 to 1.2752±0.0014 mg kg−1 in the flesh of broiler and layer chicken, respectively. The mean concentration of chromium in eggs was 0.2174−1.08 mg kg.−1 The highest concentration of chromium 2.4196±0.0019 mg kg−1 was found in egg yolk. Target hazard quotients values in all poultry flesh, liver and eggs samples were less than one, indicating no potential health risks to consumers. Conclusions. The estimated daily intake values of chromium were below the threshold limit. Thus, our results indicate that no adverse health effects are expected as a resultof ingestion of chicken fed with tannery waste. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Ethics Approval: This study was approved by the Biosafety, Biosecurity & Ethical Committee of Jahangirnagar University.

The purpose of this research was to establish an effective dose of gamma irradiation to eliminate any possible bacterial contamination as well as assess the levels of essential major elements [sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe)] present in black tea. The samples were compared to fresh tea leaves and soil from the tea gardens of two distinct tea cultivating regions (Sylhet and Moulvibazar) in Bangladesh. Maximum coliform bacterial contaminants (4.0 × 102 cfu/g) were completely eliminated following an irradiation dose of 2.5 kGy, whereas a viable bacterial load of 9.0 × 103 cfu/g was completely eliminated at 5.0 kGy. Major elements were present at higher concentrations in black tea samples originating from Sylhet compared to those from Moulvibazar. Among the analyzed elements, only Na and Fe were present at higher concentrations in the fresh tea leaves from Sylhet, whereas K, Ca and Mg were observed at higher concentrations in the tea leaves from Moulvibazar. The amount of each mineral in the black tea is acceptable for daily intake and is safe for consumption. It is concluded that black tea from Bangladesh is a rich source of minerals and could be free of microbial contamination after receiving 5.0 kGy of gamma radiation.

not availableBangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(1): 85-88, June-2016

This study is aimed to assess the heavy metals contamination and health risk in Shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus monodon) collected from Khulna-Satkhira region in Bangladesh. The results showed that the Pb concentrations (0.52–1.16 mg/kg) in all shrimp samples of farms were higher than the recommended limit. The Cd levels (0.05–0.13 mg/kg) in all samples and Cr levels in all farms except tissue content at Satkhira farm were higher than the permissible limits. The individual concentration of Pb, Cd, and Cr between shrimp tissue and shell in all rivers and farms were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) were estimated to assess the non-carcinogenic health risks. Shrimp samples from all locations under the current study were found to be safe for consumption, the possibility of health risk associated with non-carcinogenic effect is very low for continuous consumption for 30 years. Keywords: Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Shrimp, Health hazard, Noncarcinogenic risk

In the present investigation, five novel Cr(VI) reducing bacteria were isolated from tannery effluents and solid wastes and identified as Kosakonia cowanii MKPF2, Klebsiella pneumonia MKPF5, Acinetobacter gerneri MKPF7, Klebsiella variicola MKPF8 and Serratia marcescens MKPF12 by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The maximum tolerance concentration of Cr(VI) as K2Cr2O7 of the bacterial isolates was varying up to 2000 mg/L. Among the investigated bacterial isolates, A. gerneri MKPF7 was best in terms of reduction rate. The optimum temperatures for growth and Cr(VI) reduction by the bacterial isolates were 35 and 40 °C, respectively except A. gerneri MKPF7 which grew and reduced Cr(VI) optimally at 40 °C. The optimum pH for growth and Cr(VI) reduction by K. cowanii MKPF2, A. gerneri MKPF7 and S. marcescens MKPF12 was 7.0 whereas the optimum pH for growth and Cr(VI) reduction by K. pneumoniae MKPF5 and K. variicola MKPF8 were 7.0, 8.0 and 6.0, 7.0, respectively. All the bacterial isolates showed maximum tolerance against Ni2+ and Zn2+ whereas minimum tolerance was observed against Hg2+ and Cd2+. The bacteria isolated in the present study thus can be used as eco-friendly biological expedients for the remediation and detoxification of Cr(VI) from the contaminated environments.

A new chelating resin, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone loaded XAD-4, was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and elemental analyses. The synthesized resin was used for solid phase extraction (SPE) and preconcentration of Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Pb 2+ from aqueous solution, where the metal ions were subsequently determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). The optimum pH for preconcentration and separation of these metal ions was found to be 6.00. Optimum flow rate for quantitative sorption of the metal ions on functionalized resin was found to be 1 mL/min whereas 2 M nitric acid was selected as the eluent for quantitative release of the three metal ions from the resin column. The maximum adsorption capacity of the functionalized resin was found to be 3.5, 6.1, and 11.26 mg/g for Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Pb 2+ , respectively. The detection limits for these metal ions are 0.87, 0.95, and 1.09 µg/L, respectively and limits of quantification are 1.12, 1.29, and 1.16 µg/L, respectively. The sorption half time (t1/2) was found to be 6 min for Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ and 8 min for Pb 2+ . Tolerance limits for various foreign electrolytes have also been investigated. A high preconcentration factor (~100) and low relative standard deviation ≤ 5% (n=3) values were obtained. Under optimum conditions, recovery of all metal ions was found to be nearly quantitative. The validation of the procedure was carried out by analysis of certified reference materials. The functionalized resin is highly stable and can be reused more than 100 times. The newly developed method was applied to the separation, preconcentration and determination of Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Pb 2+ in tea leaves

A very simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for paracetamol assay in pharmaceuticals based on the reduction of 18-molybdo-2-phosphate heteropoly complex was developed. Reaction of 18-molybdo-2-phosphate with paracetamol is very fast at room temperature. The stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1. The molar absorptivity calculated for paracetamol was equal to that for heteropoly blue formed in the studied reaction and was of 1.15×10 4 l mol -1 cm -1

Accumulation of heavy metals in environmental matrices is a potential risk to living system due to their uptake by plants and subsequent introduction into the food chain. A study was conducted to investigate the heavy metals concentration in soils and leafy vegetables samples along the Dhaka Aricha Road to assess their potential ecological risk. Heavy metals concentration was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Concentrations ofallthetestedheavy metals except Cd in soil samples were below the permissible level. The mean concentration of Cd was found 3.99 +/- 1.85 mg kg(-1). Concentrations of all the tested heavy metals except Cd and Cr in vegetables samples were lower than recommended level. Mean concentration of Cd and Cr were found 1.00 +/- 0.68 mg kg(-1) and 2.32 +/- 0.84 mg kg(-1), respectively. Based on the Potential Ecological Risk Index, Cd posed very high risk to the local ecosystem due to its higher Risk Factor, > 320 and based on Transfer Factor of Pb and Cd were found higher accumulator among the tested metals. The results of present study revealed that the bioconcentration of heavy metals along the Dhaka Aricha Road posed high risk to the ecosystem. Considering the Transfer Factor of Cd and Pb it can be suggested that plants and leafy vegetables grow in the soil near Dhaka Aricha Road should not be used as food or feed.

In this study, tobacco leaf samples (n = 26) were collected from different areas in Kushtia to determine the presence of residues of cypermethrin, diazinon, heptachlor, methoxychlor dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethan (DDD) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE). The analysis was conducted by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system that was equipped with a photodiode array detector. Both cypermethrin and diazinon were detected in tobacco samples from six districts, namely, Mirzapur, Shahebnagar, Kodalipara, Pragpur, Farakpur and Taragunia. The highest concentration of cypermethrin was found in Kodalipara (2.00 ppm) while the highest concentration of diazinon was detected in a sample from Pragpur (0.15 ppm). The pesticide DDT was only detected in the sample from Pragpur at 4.00 ppm. This is the first study in Bangladesh that reports pesticide residue concentrations in tobacco leaf samples.

Background The aim of this study was to determine the levels of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) in (1) fresh tea leaves, (2) processed (black) tea leaves and (3) soils from tea plantations originating from Bangladesh. Methods Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) was used to evaluate six digestion methods, (1) nitric acid, (2) nitric acid overnight, (3) nitric acid–hydrogen peroxide, (4) nitric–perchloric acid, (5) sulfuric acid, and (6) dry ashing, to determine the most suitable digestion method for the determination of heavy metals in the samples. Results The concentration ranges of Cd, Pb, As and Se in fresh tea leaves were from 0.03–0.13, 0.19–2.06 and 0.47–1.31 µg/g, respectively while processed tea contained heavy metals at different concentrations: Cd (0.04–0.16 µg/g), Cr (0.45–10.73 µg/g), Pb (0.07–1.03 µg/g), As (0.89–1.90 µg/g) and Se (0.21–10.79 µg/g). Moreover, the soil samples of tea plantations also showed a wide range of concentrations: Cd (0.11–0.45 µg/g), Pb (2.80–66.54 µg/g), As (0.78–4.49 µg/g), and Se content (0.03–0.99 µg/g). Method no. 2 provided sufficient time to digest the tea matrix and was the most efficient method for recovering Cd, Cr, Pb, As and Se. Methods 1 and 3 were also acceptable and can be relatively inexpensive, easy and fast. The heavy metal transfer factors in the investigated soil/tea samples decreased as follows: Cd > As > Se > Pb. Conclusion Overall, the present study gives current insights into the heavy metal levels both in soils and teas commonly consumed in Bangladesh.

The present study was undertaken to determine the heavy metal levels and the physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and ash, moisture, and total sugar content) of honeys from Bangladesh. Three different floral honeys were investigated, namely, khalsi (Aegiceras corniculatum), mustard (Brassica juncea), and litchi (Litchi chinensis) honeys. The heavy metals in the honeys were determined by using a High Temperature Dry Oxidation method followed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The mean pH, EC, and ash, moisture, and total sugar contents of the investigated honeys were 3.6, 0.51 mS/cm, 0.18%, 18.83%, and 68.30%, respectively. Iron was the most abundant among all the investigated heavy metals, ranging from 13.51 to 15.44 mg/kg. The mean concentrations of Mn and Zn in the investigated honeys were 0.28 mg/kg and 2.99 mg/kg, respectively. Cd was below the detection limit, and lead was found in some honey samples, but their contents were below the recommended Maximum Acceptable Level. Cr was also found in all of the samples, but its concentration was within the limit. The physicochemical analysis of the honey samples yielded levels within the limits set by the international honey legislation, indicating that the honey samples were of good quality and had acceptable values for maturity, purity, and freshness.

Background: Cow milk is considered as one of the responsible food sources contaminated with heavy metals. The objectives of the study were to assess the content of selected metals in cow milk and its associated human health risks in the food chain of Bangladesh. A total of 90 cow milk samples of Branded, Dairy and Domestically produced milk were collected randomly from different sources of Savar Upazila in Dhaka area. Cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) contents in collected milk samples were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). To ensure quality control, one of the best quality control parameters i.e. recovery test; from eight various sample digestion methods were used. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) values were also calculated. Results: From the results, it was found that, the orders of heavy metal content in brand, dairy and domestic cow milk were Cr > Fe > Cu>Mn > Cd > Pb, Cr > Fe > Mn > Cu > Cd > Pb and Fe > Cr > Mn > Cu > Cd > Pb, respectively. Among the six metals, only Cr showed to exceed the highest Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) rate (for brand cow milk: 0.413 mg/day, dairy farm cow milk: 0.243 mg/day, domestic cow milk: 0. 352 mg/day),and the comparison percentages of calculated values per permeable values were as follows; 206.5 % for brand cow milk,121.5 % for dairy farm cow milk and 176.0 % for domestic cow milk. Hazard Quotients (HQ) values and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) values were found within the acceptable level. Conclusion: Although, the metal content in sampled cow milks were within the safe limit, the potential human health risks cannot be neglected for the regular/long time consumption of heavy metal contained cow milk.