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Student-teacher relationship drawings were employed to investigate how students' mental representations of student-teacher relationships were affected by their gender, age, and shyness across the Netherlands and China. The sample included 752 third- to sixth-graders (48.5% boys; M[subscript age] = 9.96) from the Netherlands and 574 third- to sixth-graders (53.7% boys; M[subscript age] = 11.48) from China. Students' drawings were double-coded on eight relationship dimensions. Multiple group models showed that Chinese students' drawings scored lower on anger/tension, role reversal, emotional distance/isolation, and global pathology but higher on vulnerability than those of Dutch students. Boys' drawings displayed higher global pathology than girls' drawings and this difference was larger in the Netherlands than in China. Other associations between student characteristics (gender, age, shyness) and drawing dimensions were equally strong across countries. As an implication, findings from Western countries may not necessarily generalize to students and teachers in Eastern countries. Drawing may be a promising method to further understand differences and similarities in the formation of student-teacher relationships across countries.

Montessori education has existed for more than 100 years and counts almost 16,000 schools worldwide (Debs et al., 2022). Still, little is known about the implementation and fidelity of Montessori principles. Measuring implementations holds significant importance as it provides insight into current Montessori practices and because it is assumed that implementation might influence its effectiveness. In the Netherlands, it is especially important to measure fidelity because of the country's history of flexible implementation of Montessori principles. No instruments currently exist that are specifically designed to measure Montessori implementation in the Dutch context. This study aims to validate a translated version of the Teacher Questionnaire for Montessori Practices, developed by Murray et al. (2019), within the Dutch early childhood education context. Additionally, it seeks to investigate the extent to which Montessori principles are implemented in Dutch early childhood schools. Data were collected from 131 early childhood Montessori teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the Dutch dataset did not align with the factor structure proposed by Murray et al. (2019). Subsequent exploratory factor analysis led to the identification of a 3-factor solution, encompassing dimensions related to Children's Freedom, Teacher Guidance, and Curriculum, which shows some similarities with Murray et al.'s (2019) factors. Implementation levels in the Netherlands varied, with the highest level of implementation observed in Children's Freedom and the lowest in Curriculum.

Science centres are informal learning spaces embedded with artefacts embodying mediational affordances. This exploratory and small-scale mixed methods study juxtaposes eye-tracking technologies and qualitative interviews to examine how visitors to a gallery navigated this space and interacted with different artefacts. A total of 15 visitors to the science centre gallery, Energy Story, participated in the study. The findings revealed inconclusive results about the directionality of their navigation. The mediational affordances of the artefacts, as interpreted from the interactive elements and interaction of the visitors and interviews, suggested that it was better to distribute the mediational affordances across a few artefacts in an exhibit rather than have one artefact embody several affordances. The concept of "mediational threshold" was suggested as a topic for future study. The findings contributed to the academic literature on eye-tracking studies at science centres. They also provided ideas for science centre curators and teachers who bring students with diverse learning needs to this mediational space.

Abstract Cancers with activating mutations of KRAS show a high prevalence but remain intractable, requiring innovative strategies to overcome the poor targetability of KRAS. Here, we report that KRAS expression is post-translationally up-regulated through deubiquitination when the scaffolding function of NDRG3 (N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 3) promotes specific interaction between KRAS and a deubiquitinating enzyme, USP9X. In KRAS-mutant cancer cells KRAS protein expression, downstream signaling, and cell growth are highly dependent on NDRG3. In conditional KrasG12D knock-in mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Ndrg3 depletion abolishes Kras protein expression and suppresses intraepithelial neoplasia formation in pancreas. Mechanistically, KRAS protein binds to the C-terminal serine/threonine-rich region of NDRG3, subsequently going through deubiquitination by USP9X recruited to the complex. This interaction can be disrupted in a dominant-negative manner by a C-terminal NDRG3 fragment that binds KRAS but is defective in USP9X binding, highly suppressing KRAS protein expression and KRAS-driven cell growth. In summary, KRAS-driven cancer development critically depends on the deubiquitination of KRAS protein mediated by USP9X/NDRG3, and KRAS-addicted cancers could be effectively targeted by inhibiting the KRAS-NDRG3 interaction.

Waled AM Ahmed,1,2 Amna Eltom Hajo Elsheikh Abdelrahman,3 Amal Abdelgadir Mohamed,4 Ibrahim Osman Mohammed,5 Amna Mohammed Ali Mustafa,6 Zeinab Eltayeb Elfaki Ahmed,7 Maab Mutaz Tagelsir Mohamed,8 Fahad Abdullah A Alghamdi,9 Amira EE Elbashir,10 Sameer Alkubati,11 Akram Al-Sowaidi,12 Neimat MAA Dinar,13 Abdalkhaliq Ahmed Obadi,1 Khalil A Saleh14 1Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Saeeda University, Sanaa, Yemen; 2Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia; 3Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan; 4Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, College of Nursing, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; 5Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazeira University, Gazeira, Sudan; 6Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 7Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alzaeim Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan; 8Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan; 9Geriatric Care Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia; 10Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia; 11Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Ha’il, Hail City, Saudi Arabia, and Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeida University, Hodeida, Yemen; 12Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Al Janad University for Science & Technology, Taiz, Yemen; 13Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia; 14Department of Medical Surgical, College of Nursing, University of Ha’il, Hail, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Waled AM Ahmed, Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Saeeda University, Sanaa, Yemen. Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Baha University, Sanaa, Yemen, Tel +00966508245369, Email waled-ahmed@su-edu.netObjective: Errors in the preparation and administration of intravenous medications are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality rates in medical practice. Early reporting and the implementation of preventive measures can mitigate these errors. This study aims to identify patterns and frequencies of errors in IV medication preparation and administration, along with associated factors, at Omdurman Military Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan.Methods: This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency department of Omdurman Military Hospital from January to May 2022. We observed 60 nurses responsible for intravenous drug preparation and administration using a pretested questionnaire and checklist on multiple occasions. The data was analyzed by SPSS and the descriptive and inferential statistics were applied.Results: Our findings reveal that 98% of the nurses reported a lack of formal training in IV drug preparation and administration. The observed preparation area was characterized as untidy in 59.6% of observations, and 52.5% were conducted in crowded environments. We identified six distinct types of errors during drug preparation, with the most common being the absence of aseptic techniques (63.2%) and the failure to check drug expiry dates before administration (99%). In contrast, five types of administration errors were reported, with the most prevalent being incorrect administration rates (68.7%) and the absence of post-administration side-effect assessments (84.8%). Additionally, 83.3% of nurses did not label the unused portion of a drug intended for the next dose.Conclusion: This study identifies a total of 11 different types of errors in IV drug preparation and administration, some of which are associated with the hospital’s work environment. The lack of formal training among 98% of the nurses stands out as a significant contributor to the increasing frequency of these errors.Keywords: medications errors, preparation, administration, intravenous, emergency

The purpose of this study is to synthesize Montessori's writings on citizenship education to support the implementation of a Montessorian view. This synthesis demonstrates that Montessori was of the explicit conviction that a better world can be achieved through citizenship education, as it strives for a peaceful and harmonious society. We approach this topic through the Dutch context. Although schools in the Netherlands are required by law to promote active citizenship and social cohesion, this law does not stipulate which of the many different views on citizenship education schools must adhere to. Schools have the liberty to devise their own citizenship curricula if they can substantiate their views and choices. For Montessori schools, this requires insight into Montessori's view on citizenship education. Although Montessori's views are still largely appropriate in our time, an ongoing dialogue about citizenship education is required, as Montessori lived and worked in a specific geopolitical context. Based on our analysis, we have identified seven themes that characterize Montessori's view on citizenship education: one common citizenship goal; preparation for independent thinking and action; image of the future citizen; adapted and critical citizens; humanity for harmony; knowledge as prerequisite, personality development as goal; and an ever-expanding worldview. The results of this study provide valuable insights for designing and teaching citizenship education through a Montessorian lens.

KEY POINTS: The authors leverage the unique benefits of panoptic segmentation to perform the largest ever quantitation of reference kidney morphometry. Kidney features vary with age and sex; and glomeruli size may intricately link to creatinine, defying prior notions. BACKGROUND: Reference histomorphometric data of healthy human kidneys are largely lacking because of laborious quantitation requirements. Correlating histomorphometric features with clinical parameters through machine learning approaches can provide valuable information about natural population variance. To this end, we leveraged deep learning (DL), computational image analysis, and feature analysis to associate the relationship of histomorphometry with patient age, sex, serum creatinine (SCr), and eGFR in a multinational set of reference kidney tissue sections. METHODS: A panoptic segmentation neural network was developed and used to segment viable and sclerotic glomeruli, cortical and medullary interstitia, tubules, and arteries/arterioles in the digitized images of 79 periodic acid–Schiff-stained human nephrectomy sections showing minimal pathologic changes. Simple morphometrics (e.g., area, radius, density) were quantified from the segmented classes. Regression analysis aided in determining the association of histomorphometric parameters with age, sex, SCr, and eGFR. RESULTS: Our DL model achieved high segmentation performance for all test compartments. The size and density of glomeruli, tubules, and arteries/arterioles varied significantly among healthy humans, with potentially large differences between geographically diverse patients. Glomerular size was significantly correlated with SCr and eGFR. Slight, albeit significant, differences in renal vasculature were observed between sexes. Glomerulosclerosis percentage increased, and cortical density of arteries/arterioles decreased, as a function of increasing age. CONCLUSIONS: Using DL, we automated precise measurements of kidney histomorphometric features. In the reference kidney tissue, several histomorphometric features demonstrated significant correlation to patient demographics, SCr, and eGFR. DL tools can increase the efficiency and rigor of histomorphometric analysis.