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Through the key industries identification process, this study identified seven of key industries in Liao River basin, to evaluate the cleaner production potential of industries in the basin. The results indicated that, without the adverse impact on the economic growth, by 2020, under the high cost cleaner production solution, COD and NH3-N production would be 17.02% and 19.17% less than that of 2012, so that industrial emissions of major pollutants in the basin could be 15% less in comparison with that in 2012, as long as the end-of-pipe treatment ratio maintains the level in 2012.

Circular economy transformation of industrial park refers to reforming and upgrading the traditional industrial park in accordance with the concept of circular economy, with the focus on the transformation and construction of the industrial structure, infrastructure, production technology, management mechanism and so on, thus improving the utilization efficiency of resource and energy, and reducing pollution emissions. Taking Binxi industrial Park as an example, based on the problems existing in the development process, this paper determines the main tasks of circular economy transformation and constructs the main recycling industry chains, providing a model for the circular economy transformation of the industrial parks that are agriculture and Forestry based.

Based on the theory and method of eco-efficiency, the relative efficiency index (Ri) was constructed in the paper. According to the range of the relative efficiency index, the industrial sectors can be divided into four categories. When Ri≥R+0.5δ , the industry should be encouraged. When R≤Ri

Because of China's various regions in geographic location, population, resource endowment, economic and technical conditions are different. Therefore, in the practice process, we should suit one's measures to local conditions to choose promotion mechanism of regional circular economy development by considering factors of regional resources and economic development level. This paper summarizes the type of mechanism to promote circular economy, based on the analysis characteristics of resources and the environment, social development, and circulating levels of economic development of eastern, central and western regions, proposed market mechanism will be more conductive to the advance of the future development of circular economy of the eastern region, government guidance, enterprise practice, public participation mechanism for promoting cooperative development model more in line with the circular economy development stage of the central region, and promoting mechanism dominated by the government will effectively promote the development of circular economy in the western region. At the same time, this paper proposed specific implementation path of all promoting mechanism.

Biological fuels have triggered the heated controversy in recent years. This paper critically examined the potentials of biological fuels through the lens of Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) and Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDP). Although MCA framework may possess the capability in making the right decision on land diversion to handle the intensifying competition for land between biofuels and food production, it is difficult to reach a balance among sufficient biofuels supply, biodiversity conservation and social equity from the perspective of ICDP. Despite biofuels could not totally displace fossil fuels in the near future, there might still be some possible policy designs that can help realizing the smooth transition to the biofuels era.

Iron and Steel industry, as one of the pillar industries in national economy of China, is a typical resource, energy and pollution intensive industry. During the 12th Five-Year Plan, it would be very difficult to achieve the pollutants emission reduction goal if iron and steel industry still carries on the way that treatment and control of different pollutants in different methods, which would also result in substantive economic cost. This article, based on the current research on the application of synergies in China and developed countries, and also on the development of pollutants synergies reduction in iron and steel industry, analyzed the prospect of synergies reduction in iron and steel industry.

It is a trend to reduce multiple pollutant emissions simultaneously by one kind of reduction policies or measures, as the pollution control and emission reduction are in a grim situation in China. And the synergistic effect research of the reduction measures is the basis which can help make the correct measures. The paper first shows the definition of the synergistic effect, then, elaborates the relationship between the reduction measures and the synergistic effect. Besides, the development and the evaluation methods of the reduction measures are also illustrated. Finally, some reasonable suggestions on research of the synergistic effect are given.

Industrialization process cause a huge material input, waste discharge and environmental impact. To realize the sustainable development of society and reduce environmental pressures are caused by economic and social activities, process simulation of industrial metabolism and its environmental effect analysis have become a hot issues in the international research field. Around the key scientific issues of regional material metabolism, this project fully learn and absorb domestic and international research results. The empirical study focus on energy (coal) and chemical industry base in china, starting from material metabolism analysis of regional industrial system, analyze the relationship between industrial system material metabolic processes and environmental effects, establishing the environmental effects index model of industrial metabolic with the environmental effects analysis; eventually propose the approaches and countermeasures to reduce environmental effect of industrial system material metabolic.

Energy (coal) chemical base refers to the industrial cluster which is mainly formed by coal, thermal power, coal chemical and building materials industries within a special region. The constructions of energy (coal) chemical bases promote the in situ conversion of coal resources, reducing water and material consumption as well as pollutant emissions. Through the material flow analysis, the input and output relationship within energy (coal) chemical-base was carried out in this article. And combined with case study, recommendations of key technologies to perfect the energy (coal) chemical-based industrial chain were proposed, so as to promote environmental protection.

The development of Energy and Coal Chemical Industry Base (ECCIB) is not only the important impetus of the regional economy, but also the guarantee of national energy security. In the near future, China will develop seven Energy and Coal Chemical Industry Bases. Ningdong ECCIB is selected to be a typical case for the further analysis in the paper. The food web of Ningdong ECCIB is obtained based on the material metabolism analysis of ECCIB and the relative statistics of Ningdong ECCIB. Then it is evaluated by the associating relation rate and the waste recycling rate. It is concluded that the associating relation rate of Ningdong ECCIB is 0.378 which is higher than the average of the rate of the eco-industrial parks in China. The solid waste recycling rate of Ningdong ECCIB is 30.38%, while the waste water recycling rate is 28.17%. They are both relatively lower. Accordingly, several optimization countermeasures are proposed.

Energy and Coal Chemical Industry Base (ECCIB) is an important impetus of the development of regional economy, and it is also the guarantee of energy security of China. But, inevitably, the development of ECCIB causes the damage of the ecological environment, for the base is a collective place of many heavy industries. Environmental permit is considered to be one of the important source control measures. Implementing environmental permit in ECCIB has an extraordinary strategic significance for improving the quality of the regional environment and achieving sustainable development. The paper elaborates the concept and the connotation of environmental permit, and interprets the environmental permit of ECCIB from three aspects, namely policy level, environment level, and economic level. At last, the paper also gives some suggestions to its further development. All of these can help to promote the implementation of environmental permit of ECCIB in China.

The coal-dominated energy structure in China will not be changed for a long period of time due to the resource situation. The Chinese government officially released the first "Coal Industry Policy” on November 29, 2007, which made ​​it clear that 13 large coal bases would be constructed in China, and circular economy and resource comprehensive utilization would be priority developed. Therefore, environmental protection guide for developing circular economy in energy (coal) chemical industry base should be established to ensure the development of circular economy, protect the consumption of resource and energy, reduce emission of pollutants, and guide the development of energy (coal) chemical industry base. Based on the results of the present study, the article describes the methodology, framework, technical infrastructure and basic content of the “Environmental Protection Guide for Developing Circular Economy in Energy (coal) Chemical Industry Base”.

Material flow analysis (MFA) has become a useful tool fo to analyze the metabolism of social systems. This paper proposes to use the indicators derived from MFA, complemented with water and energy indicators, to analyze the efficiency and the materialization ranks of Ningdong energy(coal) and coal chemical base (China). The companies in the base have many opportunities to improve on these aspects and the indicators can measure and reflect their evolution. In addition, the results show the importance that some flows such as water inputs which often are omitted, can have in some study cases.