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Your search keyword '"Zdena Škrob"' showing total 2 results
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2 results on '"Zdena Škrob"'

1. Natural attenuation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products percolating through rocky substrates – an example based on the Káraný waterworks

Author

Zbyněk Hrkal, František Pasztusek, Zdena Škrob, and Tomáš Cajthaml

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

This survey focused on a detailed analysis of the ability of fluvial Quaternary sediments to remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from drinking water. Thirty-eight PPCPs were detected in the Jizera River, which is used after infiltration to produce drinking water by the Káraný waterworks. Several PPCPs occurred in the water at concentrations exceeding 100 ng/l, some of which are not possible to remove (oxypurinol, acesulfame). The presence of PPCPs was monitored after infiltration and during passage through sandy gravels to the receiving well (total distance of 180 m) at monthly intervals in 2022–2023. PPCPs can be divided into different groups based on the results. Iohexol, iopromide, metoprolol, cetirizine, valsartan and clarithromycin were already below the established threshold after passing through 60 m of gravel. Other substances were gradually attenuated and a diverse group of PPCPs remained in the groundwater even after passing through 180 m of subsoil. Surprisingly, the PPCP with a high degree of attenuation, such as metformin, whose concentration drops from the original value of 677 ng/l to 16 ng/l, was in this group. The member of this group with lowest degree of attenuation was sulfamethoxazole with a value of 9%. Five substances (benzotriazole, propylparaben, bisphenol S, hydrochlorothiazide, ibuprofen-2-hydroxy) were identified as the most problematic since they passed through the quaternary fluvial aquifer practically unchanged and the process of qualitative treatment using artificial infiltration appears to be ineffective.

Published
2024
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2. Biodegradation of PCBs in contaminated water using spent oyster mushroom substrate and a trickle-bed bioreactor

Author

Tomáš Cajthaml, Alena Filipová, Pavel Mašín, Kamila Šrédlová, Zdena Škrob, and Jana Holecová

Subjects
Oyster, Environmental Engineering, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Pleurotus, 01 natural sciences, Bioreactors, Bioremediation, biology.animal, Bioreactor, Waste Management and Disposal, Effluent, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mushroom, biology, Chemistry, Ecological Modeling, food and beverages, Biodegradation, biology.organism_classification, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Pollution, 020801 environmental engineering, Biodegradation, Environmental, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Pollutants, Anaerobic bacteria, Pleurotus ostreatus
Abstract

Due to their persistence, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represent a group of important environmental pollutants, but conventional physicochemical decontamination techniques for their removal are usually expensive. The main aim of this work was to develop a cost-effective method for PCB bioremediation, focusing on contaminated water and utilizing the well-known degradation capability of Pleurotus ostreatus (the oyster mushroom). For this purpose, the conditions of several laboratory-scale reactors (working volume 1 L) were optimized. Spent oyster mushroom substrate obtained from a commercial farm was used as a fungal inoculum and growth substrate. The highest degradation efficiency (87%) was recorded with a continuous low-flow setup, which was subsequently scaled up (working volume 500 L) and used for the treatment of 4 000 L of real contaminated groundwater containing 0.1–1 μg/L of PCBs. This trickle-bed pilot-scale bioreactor was able to remove 82, 80, 65, and 30–50% of di-, tri-, tetra- and pentachlorinated PCB congeners, respectively. No degradation was observed for hexa- or heptachlorinated congeners. Multiple mono- and dichlorobenzoic acids (CBAs) were identified as transformation products by mass spectrometry, confirming the role of biodegradation in PCB removal. A Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test revealed slight ecotoxicity of the primary reactor effluent (sampling after 24 h), which was quickly suppressed once the effluent passed through the reactor for the second time. Moreover, no other effluent exhibited toxicity for the rest of the experiment (71 days in total). Microbial analyses (phospholipid fatty acid analysis and next-generation sequencing) showed that P. ostreatus was able to degrade PCBs in the presence of an abundance of other fungal species as well as aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Overall, this study proved the suitability of the use of spent oyster mushroom substrate in a bioremediation practice, even for pollutants as recalcitrant as PCBs.

Published
2020

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