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Context: Kinesio taping® (KT) is a therapeutic modality frequently used in the clinical practice for the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders. It is often applied in patients with chronic...

The paper is devoted to modern diagnostic methods: based on utilization of the detectable effects of light–tissue interaction. Transillumination is a method of object examination by the passage of light through tissues or a body cavity. Under the transillumination and illumination from underneath, it is possible to diagnose and monitor the parameters of tissues and organs examined. The authors briefl y report the current state in the art as well as present their own results. Among other things, the presented examples include: optoelectronic techniques used in monitoring of the living tissues vitality and promising results obtained during preliminary experiments with transillumination scanning applied to human hand fi ngers. Upon the test results analysis, the necessity arises to confi gure the optical part so that a better resolution can be obtained with capacity of effective transillumination of objects optically thicker.

The application designed in the LabVIEW environment for computer simulation of the work and simulation testing of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with dual-slope conversion method is presented. The front panel contains graphical objects, permitting interactive communication with the user and the animation effects allow illustration of the ADC operation principle. The application permits the performance of virtual experiments thanks to the possibility of modification of the ADC parameters and the input signal parameters. The virtual electronic experiments presented in the paper simulate the real measurement processes. The application can be used for both education and specific research purposes.

The measurement stand for recording a bioelectric signal from human muscles has been described in the paper. A DAQ card with a USB bus has been used in the measuring channel. The acquisition of the electromyography signal is carried out using the non-invasive method using gel electrodes. The bioelectric signal is amplified, filtered and processed in hardware and software. The tests of system operation in the measurement laboratory have been carried out. The presented results relate to the measurement of the electromyography signal from the forearm muscles of the upper limb of a human.

The article presents The unconventional use of PLC controllers in a distributed control system DCS were presented in this article. The functionality, requirements and the costs of installation and operation of commercial DCS systems and those built on the basis of PLC logic controllers were analyzed. The features, the architecture and the structure of DCS systems based on PLC controllers have been described in details. The particular attention was paid to the allocation of the individual system components to the appropriate layers contained in their structure.

The paper explains the effect of matrix resolution on the field of view of a single detector. The dependency of the field of view of a single detector as a function of distance between the lens of thermal imaging camera and the surface observed is shown. It was proposed how to select the lens of thermal imaging camera so that the obtained thermogram it would be able to achieve such a geometric resolution that would allow for sufficiently accurate mapping of temperature distribution on the surface observed.

The subject of this paper relates to the measurable effects of light behavior in biological materials. The problems considered include some current topics concerning the achievements and still ongoing development in the selected fields of light-tissue interaction to be used in biomedical measurements. Measurable effects of interaction between light and tissues may be utilized in biomedicine with emission, reflection or transmission modes, respectively. The latter is especially considered in this paper: transillumination as the method of examination by the passage of light through tissues or a body cavity is a diagnostic technique in the course of intensive development at the moment. Red light and near-infrared radiation emitted by high-efficient LEDs can be noninvasively transmitted through the blood-supplied tissues. Some representative examples of the medical applications of non-invasive effects of light-tissue interaction are discussed. Under the transillumination and illumination from underneath, it is possible to diagnose and monitor the parameters of tissues and organs examined. This paper includes discussion of selected issues related to the biophysical and optical phenomena used and examples of practical applications of tissue transillumination techniques. The authors briefly report the current state-in-the-art and also present their own results. Among other things, the presented examples include: optoelectronic techniques used in monitoring of living tissue vitality, and promising results obtained during preliminary experiments with transillumination scanning applied to fingers of the human hand.

The subject matter of this paper concerns advanced techniques of imaging used in diagnosis and minimally invasive procedures applied in non-operable cases of the digestive tract tumour therapy. The role of optical techniques in current medical imaging is significant. Optical properties of transilluminated or illuminated tissues and organs depend on strong light absorption and scattering. Numerous issues related to the result interpretation still remain unsolved. Effectiveness and precision can be especially improved when some combined methods of imaging are used. Videoendoscopy imaging, X-ray imaging, and endoscopic ultrasound imaging are three complementary methods applied during the interventions described in this work. All interventions have concerned with the upper part of the digestive tract. Especially, interdisciplinary issues of combined medical imaging are presented using some examples of a modern approach to imaging of esophagus and biliary stenting. The selected examples of effects obtained during interventions assisted by combined imaging of the operation site are presented. The operator can have great control over the appearance of desirable effects as well as undesirable complications in order to work comfortably and safe.

The subject matter of this paper concerns advanced techniques of procedures and imaging used in minimally invasive surgery and in nonoperable cases of the digestive tract tumor therapy. Examples of imaging the application of stents allowing for the performance of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures practiced by the authors are presented. Stenting with self-expanding stents can be an effective minimally invasive technique in palliative treatment of advanced, inoperable cancers of esophagus. Numerous patients were successfully stented. Examples of imaging used to control the application of stents are presented.