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Background The recognition of the importance of effective communication in the healthcare system has been growing. Given that communication courses have to be adjusted to the specificity of a particular culture, language, and other contextual issues, many countries and communities sharing a common language have proposed their recommendations for communication curriculum for undergraduate medical education. Thus far, no such recommendations have been developed, for either any Central and Eastern Europe countries, or for regions where Slavic languages are spoken. This study aims to describe the current state of the art and offer recommendations for medical communication training for undergraduate medical students in Poland. Methods The recommendations were developed through an iterative consultation process with lecturers, faculty members of medical schools, and education coordinators. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify full text English and Polish language articles on communication curriculum for undergraduate medical education. Additionally, the new Ordinance of the Polish Minister of Science and Higher Education, defining educational standards for undergraduate medical education was analysed in search of learning outcomes that could be applied in communication skills teaching. The authors extracted the most relevant communication skill competencies, as determined by the process participants, discussed current challenges, including those of the COVID-19 pandemic era, and indicated best practices. Results A state of the art review was conducted, and a set of recommendations was developed pertaining to the scope and methodology of teaching communication skills. The study included: (1) definition, (2) education content, (3) learning outcomes, (4) the recommended teaching methods. The recommendations are in concord with the graduate profile, as well as the current structure of medical studies. The authors listed and discussed the basic communication competencies expected of medical graduates, as well as medical communication course content viewed from different perspectives, including clinical, psychological, sociological, legal, and linguistic. Conclusions Detailed recommendations aimed at integrating best practices into a comprehensive communication curriculum may promote successful teaching, learning, and assessment of medical communication.

The paper presents the results of long-term terrain subsidence monitoring in the mining area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) in Poland using Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), supplemented with differential analysis of digital elevation models. The work included analysis of mining-induced subsidence based on three archival surface models: historical terrain model obtained from the digitization of Messtischblatt topographic maps, representing the surface in 1919-1944; numerical terrain model DTED, derived from the vectorization of diaposites of topographic maps from the 90s of the twentieth century; LIDAR digital terrain model from 2013. Archival analyses were complemented by the newest PSInSAR database of Sentinel-1 data, processed for the entire area of USCB. The data covered a period of 6 years (October 26, 2014 - June 26, 2020), in which a total of 260 scenes from 124 descending paths were used. In the time domain, data were recorded at intervals of 12 days (for one Sentinel-1 satellite) or every 6 days for the full Sentinel-1 A / B constellation. The entire collection includes 8,139,901 PS points over 6,620 km2, giving an average density of about 1230 PS /sq km. The dataset enabled the analysis of contemporary vertical land movements. This huge set of various data was used to analyze the long-term influence of mining in the area broken down into time intervals, collectively covering the period from the mid-twentieth century to 2020. As a result of the analyzes, zones of mining-induced subsidence were developed, where the terrain surface was systematically changed in individual years. The data allowed for over 600 sq km identification under the influence of exploitation. Subsidence areas were matched with topographic data such as buildings and roads to estimate the effect of subsidence on urban areas. The work shows the great advantage of remote monitoring methods, which is the possibility of showing the long-term environmental impact to a large extent. The use of both historical and the latest data allowed for a comprehensive analysis of changes on the surface of the area now and in the past.

SATELLITE INTERFEROMETRY FOR GROUND DEFORMATION MONITORING, LGOM EXAMPLE Abstract. The article presents surface deformations and changes in the Rudna mining areas, which occured between 28 November and 10 December 2016. These changes were recorded on the radar differential interferogram derived from the scenes of the ESA radar satellite Sentinel-1. The interferogram is a raster image that is a combination of two radar scenes, showing the phase difference of the reflected microwave signal. This difference reflects changes occurring on the earth surface in the form of interferometric stripes called “fringes”. They are interpreted as contours of changes in earth morphology. During the analyzed period, 3-cm variations were identified. All indications show that they were related to the November 29 seismic shock, which was confirmed by comparing the location of the earthquake epicentre with the recorded fringes.

We report detailed optical studies of BaWO

Amiantos Mine, in Cyprus, which is an abandoned Asbestos mine has been selected as a pilot within the GEO-CRADLE project (http://geocradle.eu/en/). Main selection criteria were the user’s needs and the spatial distribution of the sites that had to be placed in the Region of Interest (RoI) (Balkans, Middle East and North Africa). Following the termination of the mining activities and the mining lease in 1992, after a long operation period of the mine (1904-1988), Cyprus Government undertook rehabilitation works, which are in progress. Geological Survey Department of Cyprus has undertaken the monitoring of the rehabilitated slopes mainly with in situ measurements. The usage of space born data together with the in-situ data will enhance the evaluation of the stability of the rehabilitation works and the assessment of any environmental pollution in the surrounding area. Main activities that are discussed in this paper and are extensively analyzed in respective pilot - feasibility study, focus on (1) monitoring progress of restoration works – using estimates of various biophysical parameters like NDVI, soil moisture, Fe / mineral alteration indexes and land use changes extracted from the analysis of multi-temporal Sentinel 2 data, (2) the determination of ground stability of the mining waste dumps, taking under special consideration the slope mass movements and vertical ground motions - using satellite interferometry method and (3) the identification of the potential pollution sources – air and water monitoring with support of multispectral satellite images of new generation which identify and map materials through spectroscopic remote sensing.

DISTINGUISHED GEOLOGISTS ON THE FRIEZE IN THE PGI -NRI PAWEŁ EDMUND STRZELECKI GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM Abstract. In the Hall of the PGI Geological Museum, there is a decorative frieze, at the height of the third-tier galleries, which was created with completion of the Institute’s main building in 1936. Iconography on the frieze in the P.E. Strzelecki Hall is the only decorative painting and is limited to the panel filled with the names of distinguished geologists. Currently, there are 32 names of prominent Polish and foreign scientists on the frieze. The aim of this article is to present short biographies of all the great geologists placed at the frieze, to disseminate knowledge about them among visitors of the Institute and, in particular, of the Geological Museum.

This paper presents application of satellite interferometric methods (persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar (PSInSAR™) and differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR)) for observation of ground deformation in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) in Southern Poland. The presented results were obtained during the DORIS project (EC FP 7, Grant Agreement n. 242212, www.doris-project.eu). Several InSAR datasets for this area were analysed. Most of them were processed by Tele-Rilevamento Europa - T.R.E. s.r.l. Italy. Datasets came from different SAR satellites (ERS 1 and 2, Envisat, ALOS- PALSAR and TerraSAR-X) and cover three different SAR bands (L, C and X). They were processed using both InSAR techniques: DInSAR, where deformations are presented as interferometric fringes on the raster image, and PSInSAR, where motion is indentified on irregular set of persistent scatterer (PS) points. Archival data from the C-band European Space Agency satellites ERS and ENVISAT provided information about ground movement since 1992 until 2010 in two separate datasets (1992–2000 and 2003–2010). Two coal mines were selected as examples of ground motion within inactive mining areas: Sosnowiec and Saturn, where mining ceased in 1995 and 1997, respectively. Despite well pumping after closure of the mines, groundwater rose several dozen meters, returning to its natural horizon. Small surface uplift clearly indicated on satellite interferometric data is related to high permeability of the hydrogeological subregion and insufficient water withdrawal from abandoned mines. The older 1992–2000 PSInSAR dataset indicates values of ground motion ranging from –40.0 to 0.0 mm. The newer 2003–2010 dataset shows values ranging from –2.0 to +7.0 mm. This means that during this period of time subsidence was less and uplift greater in comparison to the older dataset. This is even more evident in the time series of randomly selected PS points from both coal mines. The presence of bentonite deposits in the Saturn coal mine can also have influence on the ground surface uplift. Analysis of interferometric L and X-band data in Upper Silesia has enabled observation and monitoring of the underground mining front for several months. It was indicated by the example from the Halemba–Wirek coal mine. Analysis of the TerraSAR–X dataset processed by SqueeSAR algorithms proved to be the most effective for this purpose. X-band persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) time series can help to indentify small seemingly negligible movements and are successfully supplemented by fringes when displacement becomes significant. Differential interferograms from the L-band dataset detect similar displacement values but, thanks to longer wavelength, are characterized by better coherence, especially in the middle of the subsidence trough. Results on ground deformation proved that ground motion above abandoned mines continues long after their closure. Therefore, existing regulations stating that abandoned mines are considered fully safe five years after mine closure should change. Moreover, it should be emphasised that construction in these areas should be avoided due to existing potential risks.

The hospitality business, not only in Poland, especially the independent hotel companies, re- quire a greater commitment from theorists and practitioners in industry and others, who can inspire them with their knowledge, competence and experience. The presented for the first time in Poland example of using the commercial hospitality for more effective and profitable hotel operation is the process innovation itself becoming a new way of organizing the service activity of the hotel. One need to keep in mind that this is “a continuous process, consisting of a series of incremental changes in products and processes [and] this may occasionally compli- cate the identification of innovations in services in terms of single events” [7, s. 38], e.g. the in- dividual implementations. Commercial hospitality as a business model could be an innovative tool in the hands of the hotel manager of the independent hotel company, because it allows him more effective control over the process of service provision and the creation of the value chain starting from inviting guest until bidding them farewell. Commercial hospitality mustn’t be perceived as the added value as it is the integral element of the full value of the service expressed in the price and paid by the client or guest. The phenomenon of commercial hospitality, not only in Poland, is a relatively young research issue and that is why it is the subject to constant assessment, analysis and constructive criticism. However, it is important that this publication enables a greater understanding of and commit- ment to the commercial hospitality. Goodwill for commercial hospitality and the innovative ap- proach to the commercial hospitality management are the vector indicated by author in improv- ing hotel’s resistance to competition and in the process of development of the independent hotel companies of the XXI century.

The optimal and the most effective treatment of pulmonary embolism is still a matter of concern and each day sees a new set of challenges for the world of medicine. The progress, has been made in recent years, improved quality of life and caused much better treatment results. This is difficult issue in patients, receiving anticoagulant therapy, because they require an individual approach and adjustability to the therapeutic possibilities. The benefits of long-term anticoagulant therapy, which decreases relapses of idiopathic venous thromboembolism and diminishes risk of thromboembolic complications, should be taking under consideration. It is still a matter of dispute the time of carrying out of treatment, especially after the first life idiopathic episode of pulmonary embolism. The purpose of this paper is an overview and a summary of the foregoing achievements concerned the standards of idiopathic pulmonary embolism treatment, expecting benefits flowing with using new oral anticoagulants, as an alternative to known for decades Vitamin K antagonist drugs. A lot of information about new oral anticoagulants speaks in favor of their use, but unknown safety of the drugs caused searching the best strategy of pulmonary embolism treatment all the time.

Barium tungstate crystals are interesting and relatively new medium for stimulated Raman scattering for applications in Raman shifters of laser radiation [1]. Good quality BaWO4 crystals can be grown by Czochralski technique and doped with rare-earth ions. Doping with trivalent ions require charge compensation which may be provided, for example, by structural defects or proper codoping with alkaline metal ions. Crystals posses sheelite structure with the space group I41/a. Results of studies of BaWO4:Ce crystals and crystals codoped with Na are presented in this work. Optical absorption in the vis-UV and infrared range and Raman spectra has been studied. In the UV the crystals shows typical absorption for Ce3+ with two bands peaked at 320 nm and 285 nm, which are associated with lowest energy 4f-5d transitions. However only very weak Ce3+ luminescence is observed even at 10 K, contrary to some reports on this subject [2]. In the mid-infrared range several absorption bands are visible which may be associated with lattice absorption. Besides of lines associated with single TO phonon modes in the range up to 1000 cm-1 the additional lines appear around 1700 cm-1 and 2600 cm-1. Origin of these lines is discussed in this work. Raman spectra at room temperature show very sharp lines with the highest energy line at 927 cm-1. Some additional much broader lines are observed above 1200 cm-1 [3]. Their origin is most probably associated with combination of various phonon modes. In addition to that very sharp lines due to the 4f-4f transitions in the Ce3+ ions are visible around 2200 cm-1 and 2350 cm-1. There are at least four of these lines in each group which are related to the multisite structure of RE doping in these crystals. The crystal field analysis allows identifying nature of these lines. The transitions associated with Ce3+ ions are very strongly coupled with the lattice and they undergo very important broadening with increase of temperature. This is explained as a result of electron-phonon coupling, enhanced by the matching inter-level spacing of the 2F7/2 state with phonon energies. BaWO4 has the largest energy gap among several tungstates with scheelite structure [4]. It is in good agreement with the values of ionic radii of cations constituting the host. The conduction band is dominated by the W6+ 5d states. On the other hand the luminescence efficiency of Ce3+ dopand in BaWO4 is the lowest among the (Ca, Sr,­ Ba)WO­4, which have smaller band-gap than BaWO4. It may be associated with resonant position of the lowest 5d state of Ce3+ in the conduction band or with the thermally activated crossover between the 4f 5d state and the 4f states. The large band gap of BaWO4 rather shows that the latter mechanism is operative as the luminescence quenching mechanism. High pressure luminescence studies in diamond anvil cell, which should help to resolve this question will be presented in this work. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Polish National Science Center (project 2015/17/B/ST5/01658) References: [1] Pavel Cerný, Helena Jelínková, Tasoltan T. Basiev, and Peter G. Zverev, IEEE J. Quantum Electronics 38 (2002) 1471 [2] K.V. Dabre, S.J.Dhoble, Jyoti Lochab, J. Luminescence 149 (2014) 348. [3] Donggang Ran, Hairui Xia, Shangqian Sun, Peng Zhao, Fengqin Liu, Zongcheng Ling, Wenwei Ge, Huaijin Zhang, Jiyang Wang, Cryst. Res. Technol. 41 (2006) 1189 [4] R. Lacomba-Perales, J. Ruis-Fuertes, D. Errandonea, D. Martinez-Garcia, and A. Segura, EPL 83 (2008) 370002

The mining exploitation of hard coal in Upper Silesia has been conducted since nineteenth century and continues to the present days. Different methods of monitoring subsidence of the earth surface were applied in this area, starting from analysis of topographic maps compiled in different period of time, precise levelling and GPS measurements. Nowadays satellite interferometry seems to be useful and effective tool for these purposes. PSI data from ERS and ENVISAT satellites very well illustrate subsidence occurring in the active mining areas where subsidence does not exceed \(-40\,\mathrm{{mm/year}}\). These data correspond very well with subsidence predictive models prepared by mining companies. However, the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) mining area subsides even up to 600 mm/year (locally even more). Therefore, it is necessary to apply a different methodology. One of the solutions to this problem could be differential interferograms obtained from L band SAR images (23 cm). Combination of C-Band (ERS, Envisat) and L- band (ALOS) shows excellent results. C-Band SAR satellites are useful for detecting smaller displacements; in contrary L-band satellites are able to monitor surface deformations in range of several decimetres, being possible to detect progress of mining front.

We focused on the joint exploitation of satellite and ground-based technologies in order to understand the kinematic behavior of landslides and subsidence phenomena relevant to different test sites in Europe. In this context, we efficiently exploited C-band and X-band satellite and ground-based SAR data for the investigation of the temporal and spatial pattern of ground deformations caused by natural and human-induced hazards. The present work has been conducted within the FP7-EU DORIS project.

The report illustrates the activities developed in the framework of the validation of the ground deformation map and associated time series.

Deliverable 5.4 is the result of the activities carried out in the framework of the task 5.4 "Ground deformation velocity maps and time series using SAR satellite data". In the test sites, operative chains for satellite SAR data processing have been implemented and applied to obtain near-real time information on the evolution of the ground deformation phenomena. DInSAR and PSInSAR technology have been exploited to study ground deformation induced by different phenomena including ground water exploitation, mining, and landslides. Velocity deformation maps and time series using SAR satellite data have been prepared to analyse and monitor large time intervals deformation phenomena, characterized by a temporal evolution of displacements.

The report illustrates the methods used to prepare landslide susceptibility maps at different scales.

The deliverable illustrates the activities carried out for preparing the ground deformation and velocity maps based on SAR imagery.

The deliverable summarizes the data available for the test sites selected for the project.

The scope of this document is to describe the six study areas located in Europe selected for the DORIS downstream service. Two study areas are located in Italy, and one study area in each of the following European Countries: Hungary, Poland, Spain, and Switzerland. For the selected study areas we describe the main characteristics, including: (i) the country, (ii) the geographical coordinates, (iii) the dominant physiographical setting, (iv) the main types of ground deformation phenomena that will be investigated, (v) a brief description of the area, (vi) a list of the thematic available information (vii) a list of the expected products and (viii) a list of selected scientific and technical reports available in the test area.

The economic reform in Poland has changed dramatically both the income and social position of farmers. The competitive structure of the farming sector versus the monopolized-monopsonized economy, liberal agricultural import, and virtual lack o financial assistance from the state are the main features of the new situation. Specipc for the market reorientation of Polish agriculture has been the dramatic pace of the change. The paper highlights the background of the market reform in Polish agriculture, discusses accessible strategies and formulates some expectations for the future. La reforme economique en Pologne a modifie radicalement, a la fois, le revenu et la position sociale des agriculteurs. Le passage d'une economie de monopole-monopsone a une structure concurrentielle du secteur agricole, la liberation des importations agricoles et l'absence virtuelle de route aide jinanciere de l'Etat sont les traits principaux de la nouvelle situation. Ce qui est particulier a la reorientation du marche agricole en Pologne c'est le rythme effrene auquel les transformations se sont produites. L'auteur examine les strategies accessibles et formule quelques attentes pour l'avenir.

The possible genotoxic effects of dioxolane and trioxane were studied using the micronucleus test. Mice were given dioxolane and trioxane i.p. in two doses at 24-h intervals. Dioxolane at doses from 1500 mg/kg to 6000 mg/kg caused a significant increase of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of mice as compared to the negative control value. Positive results in the micronucleus test provide evidence of genotoxic activity of dioxolane. I.p. administration of trioxane produced no chromosomal damage resulting in erythrocyte micronucleus formation, even at highly toxic doses.

Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Schutzuberzuge. Stand der Entwicklung in Polen. Schutzwert der uberzuge. Einflus der Luft- und Wasserverunreinigungen. Mengen und Arten der Staub- und Gasverunreinigungen der atmospharischen Luft im Industriebezirk Oberschlesiens. Wassercharakteristik einiger Flusse. Untersuchungsergebnisse der Korrosionsbestandigkeit der Spritzuberzuge nach Feldversuchen unter verschiedenen Klimabedingungen. Polnische Gas- und Lichtbogenspritzpistolen. Kennzahlen und Leistungsdaten. Anwendungen der Metalluberzuge in Stahlwasserbauten im Ausland und in Polen. Kostenvergleich der Spritzuberzuge und der Deckanstriche. The protection of hydraulic steel constructions by Flame-Sprayed Zinc coatings The economic importance of protective covers. The state development in poland. The protective value of coatings. Influences of air-and water pollutants. Quantities and kinds of the dust-and gas pollutants in the air silesia. Water characteristics of some rivers. Experimental data of the resistance to corrosion of sprayed covers in open air tests under various conditions of climate. The polish gas-and arc-spraying guns. Characteristic values and efficiency. Application of metal covers to hydraulic steel constructions abroad and in poland. Comparison of the charges of sprayed and brushed covers.