Search

Simple Summary: Citrus production worldwide is threatened by the bacterium Liberibacter spp. Fagen and its vector Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. In the absence of an effective method against the bacteria, management plans are directed towards the vector. However, management strategies such as chemical control have presented difficulties in controlling the insect. Therefore, the application of new control techniques, such as nanoparticles by green synthesis, emerges as a promising control alternative. To address this issue, the objective of this study was to evaluate silver nanoparticles by green synthesis against D. citri nymphs in the laboratory and greenhouse. The results show that the nanoparticles achieved up to 100% mortality in the laboratory and 80% in the greenhouse. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles as a potential control method for the insect. Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is a vector of Liberibacter asiaticus Jagoueix et al. and Liberibacter americanus Teixeira et al., causal agents of the critical yellow dragon disease or Huanglongbing (HLB), which affects citrus production worldwide. Recently, green synthetic nanoparticles have emerged as a potential alternative to control of agricultural insect pests. The insecticide effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on 2nd instar nymphs of D. citri under laboratory and greenhouse conditions was evaluated. Mortality was recorded 24, 48, and 72 h after application on D. citri nymphs under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The laboratory results showed that AgNPs caused 97.84 and 100% mortality at 32 and 64 ppm, respectively, 72 h after treatment. In the greenhouse, AgNPs caused 78.69 and 80.14% mortality using 64 and 128 ppm 72 h after application. This research is the first to evaluate the green synthesis AgNPs on D. citri and are a promising strategy to control the pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presence and abundance of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama are influenced by multiple biotic and abiotic components. We used trapping at the Regional Control Area (ARCO) to study the impact of temperature and rainfall on D. citri. The study during 2015-2018 was at ARCO 3 in the municipalities of Ciudad Victoria and Güémez, Tamaulipas, Mexico. D. citri was collected by yellow sticky traps, and temperature and precipitation were recorded every month. The previously ordered data were analyzed by multiple correspondence. Temperatures between 22 to 28°C and rainfall less than 22 mm in the study area were optimal for D. citri. En campo, la presencia y abundancia de Diaphorina citri es influenciada por múltiples componentes bióticos y abióticos. En el presente trabajo se determinó la participación de la temperatura y precipitación pluvial en la abundancia poblacional de D. citri. El trabajo fue desarrollado durante el periodo 2015-2018 en el Área Regional de Control (ARCO) número 3 localizada en los municipios de Ciudad Victoria y Güémez, Tamaulipas, México. En el ARCO, el trampeo de D. citri se realizó con trampas pegajosas amarillas y se registró la temperatura y precipitación por mes. Los datos previamente ordenados fueron sometidos a un análisis de correspondencia múltiple. Se encontró que temperaturas entre 22 a 28°C y precipitaciones menores a 22 mm fueron las óptimas para mantener altas poblaciones de D. citri en la zona de estudio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]