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Objective: Improvement of methods for studying the processes of demineralization of hard tissues of temporary teeth., Material and Methods: The study included primaries second molars ( n =11). Samples of primary teeth were placed in a test tube with a demineralizing solution for - 1, 4, 8, 21 and 31 days. The of primary teeth samples were examined using methods - laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and autofluorescence microscopy (AFM). Assessment of the degree of demineralization of samples of temporary teeth was carried out according to the score scale developed by us., Results: The enamel of the samples is demineralized slowly and evenly for up to 8 days with minimal objective signs, starting from the 8th day of the experiment, there is a significant increase in demineralization indicators. By the 21st day, the peak of demineralization is reached with partial dissolution of the enamel, an increase in the fluorescence effect to 80 UE, and reaches a maximum of 4 points on the evaluation scale. Dentin's hard tissues are demineralized gradually without "sudden jumps" in the fluorescence effect and at the same rate throughout the experiment, reaching a maximum on 31 days (30 UE - LIF). Dentin demineralization is characterized by less dissolution, however, the phenomenon of delamination is determined by the type of exfoliation of the organic dentin matrix, starting from the 21st day of the experiment., Conclusion: Enamel and dentin of deciduous teeth demineralize at different rates and have a characteristic specificity of morphological changes. Logistic regression analysis showed the consistency of the classifier for the predictive accuracy of each unit of the proposed scale for assessing the degree of demineralization of temporary teeth samples.

A PCR assay has been developed to identify the DNA of the human herpes virus type 7. The search and selection of conserved regions was carried out by comparing the whole genome nucleotide sequences of HHV-7. A fragment duplicated in the HHV-7 genomes was chosen as a target for amplification. The performance of the assay was tested on a synthetic matrix and clinical samples. The developed assay has high sensitivity and specificity and showed good efficiency in detecting HHV-7 DNA in clinical samples., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The relationship between multiple sclerosis and the state of the human microbiome was studied, namely, the change in the representation of microbiota phylotypes, the proportion of coccal flora, the proportion of anaerobic, gram-negative, proteolytically active microflora, as well as the concentration of markers of bacterial plasmalogen and endotoxin in the blood. Microbiome studies were carried out by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry of microbial markers in the blood. A statistically significant increase in blood concentrations of the total level of microbial markers of bacterial plasmalogen and endotoxin was determined in multiple sclerosis, which may be associated with an increase in the permeability of the intestinal wall. In multiple sclerosis, the proportion of coccal, gram-negative, anaerobic microflora with a proteolytic type of metabolic activity increases. The correlations of the representation of microbiota phylotypes change due to the switching of the direct relationship Proteobacteria-Bacteroides to Proteobacteria-Firmicutes. In multiple sclerosis, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria increase and Firmicutes decrease. Conclusion. The multiple sclerosis disease may be associated with pathological changes in the structure of the microbiome and the growth of endotoxemia, which may be one of the factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. New laboratory markers for diagnosing and predicting the course of MS have been proposed., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

IgM and IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus are detected in subjects who have recovered from COVID-19; IgM antibodies persist in a 1/3 of infected subjects up to 12 months from the moment of the disease, while IgG antibodies are present in the vast majority of cases (97%; medium and high levels antibodies were registered in 85% of cases). By the 12th month, 40% of those who recovered still have a very high level of IgG antibodies to the S-protein (>500 BAU/ml). In the feces, urine, and blood serum of patients with long-term persistent IgM antibodies, no coronavirus antigens were detected. After vaccination with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine, IgG antibodies to the S-protein are detected in 100% of cases and remain at a high level for 4 months, by the 5-6th month, the level of antibodies decreases. During revaccination, the level of IgG antibodies to S-protein reaches high values earlier than during primary vaccination, and remains high for 4 months (observation period). The blood sera of recovered and vaccinated patients have a high virus-neutralizing activity (at least 1:80), while its level is somewhat higher in recovered patients., (© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The Aim: Of this study was the evaluation of the effect of the antioxidant gel on the oral mucosa and reduction of the time of adaptation to a removable denture in patients with partial adentia., Material and Methods: The study comprised 105 patients aged 30-65 years divided into three groups: the main group of 45 patients, the comparison group of 35 patients, the control group of 25 patients. The main group was given a prophylactic gel with natural astaxanthin after the delivery of a removable prosthesis. The patients of the control group and the comparison group do not received an antioxidant gel. Patients of all three groups underwent a study of the hygienic state of the oral mucosa and oral fluid to assess the state of oral microbiocenosis. The main group and the comparison group underwent visual examination and photoplanimetric control after the placement of a removable denture., Results: A positive preventive and anti-inflammatory effect of astaxanthin gel was found in patients who received an immediate and a partial removable dentures. The use of the gel for 7 days helps to reduce the values of hygiene indices, concentrations of bacterial plasmalogen and endotoxin in the oral fluid in the short-term perspective., Conclusion: Preventive dental gel with astaxanthin decreases the time of adaptation to removable dentures by 1.7-2 times and reduces the risk of prosthetic stomatitis due to its wound-healing, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions.

The concentration of bacterial plasmalogen 18a and endotoxin in the blood of elderly people 45-90 years old with the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) - the main group and without diabetes mellitus - the comparison group was investigated. The concentration of both plasmalogen 18a and endotoxin in the blood of individuals with DM 2 pathology is statistically significantly higher than in the blood of individuals without DM 2 pathology. To assess the state of microbiocenosis and predict type 2 diabetes mellitus, decisive rules have been determined in the form of threshold values of plasma concentrations 18a and endotoxin in the blood of elderly people with a suspected or established diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Using ROC analysis, it was found that values above 20.66 μg / ml for plasmalogen 18a, and 0.48 nmol / ml for endotoxin, determine the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus pathology in the 45-90 age group., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common variant of male pattern baldness in which occurrence and development of multiple genetic, hormonal, and metabolic factors are involved. We aimed to estimate plasma element content (Mg, Ca, Zn, Cu, Se, Fe), vitamin status (B12, D, E, and folic acid) in patients with AGA using direct colorimetric tests or atomic absorption spectrometry, and the influence of these parameters in the formation of various hair loss patterns. The study included 50 patients with I-IV stages of AGA divided into two groups with normal and high levels of dihydrotestosterone compared with 25 healthy individuals. The presence of two patterns of pathological hair loss in the androgen-dependent (parietal) and androgen-independent (occipital) areas of the scalp was confirmed. It was shown that all patients with AGA have a deficiency of elements (Zn, Cu, Mg, Se) and vitamins (B12, E, D, folic acid). However, the hair loss rate was not due to their content. А positive interrelation between quantitative trichogram parameters in the occipital region and iron metabolism in pairs "hair density vs Fe" and "hair diameter vs ferritin" was shown. In turn, in the parietal region, an inverse correlation of hair diameter with plasma Cu level was found, the most pronouncing in patients with high levels of dihydrotestosterone. The obtained results indicate the importance of multiple micronutrient deficiencies in the AGA occurrence accompanied by the existence of two different hair loss patterns, differently related to the content of certain trace elements and androgens in the blood.

The investigation aims - a quantitative assessment of cervical surface changes with digital analysis and computer technologies in dysplasia. Colposcopy was made in 90 women from 21 to 52 years (avr. age 33,9±8,13 y.o.) with mild epithelial dysplasia (CIN1), moderate dysplasia (CIN2), severe dysplasia (CIN3). The algorithm detected indicators which provide the cervical dysplasia classification on pre cytological and pre molecular-genetic patients investigations. The outcome of an algorithm was the identification of the cervix surface condition severity by an objective quantification. The cervical dysplasia type (CIN) was classified as IndGV values. The mild dysplasia (CIN1) had IndGV=8,5, moderate dysplasia (CIN2) - IndGV=13, severe dysplasia (CIN3) - IndGV=15,6. The cervical affected surface area (IndInt) equalled 0,17 in CIN1, 0,19 in CIN2, 0,22 in CIN3. A change severity has a direct relation with a grey color value. It demonstrates quantify classification in digital analysis. The algorithm is used in real-time mode and no requires considerable material outlays. This makes it possible to use an algorithm after clinical examination and predict patient management., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Moxifloxacin and imunofan peptide concentrations - dependent Clostridium difficile growth rate was analyzed in vitro. In the course of our study, it was revealed imunofan peptide at concentrations 0.05, 0.25 μg/ml has antimicrobial characteristics against toxigenic C. difficile strain. At the same time, with the peptide and the antibiotic combined interaction, we observed moxifloxacin concentration 0-1.5 MIC stimulates C. difficile growth, regardless of the imunofan concentration. Concentrations of maximum growth inhibition for C. difficile were also established with the combined effects peptide imunofan and antibiotic moxifloxacin - 1.5 μg/ml and 2.5 MIC, respectively., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The aim of the work - to establish the interconnection and interdependence of toll-like mediated pathogenetic mechanisms of urogenital infection in pregnant women from the position of epigenomics. Using discriminant analysis in 89 patients with urogenital infection in pregnant women for the first time was established a reliable evidence-based relationship and interdependence between mucosal immunity, the severity of the infectious process, clinical manifestations, symptoms of miscarriage in the background of simultaneous development of the infectious process and pregnancy. For urgent delivery (infection), urgent childbirth (infection and clinical manifestation) and premature birth, mucosal immunity determines the severity of anti-infective resistance (with increasing mucosal immunity oppression of infectious process and clinical manifestations is logged , and its decrease increases the severity of infection process and clinical manifestations); the inhibition of mucosal immunity prevails over its hyperreaction (inhibition of mucosal immunity is determined by the physiological immunodepression in response to the development of pregnancy, as well as in response to herpes virus infection when activated); the severity of the infectious process depends on the severity of clinical manifestations and symptoms of miscarriage. During miscarriage mucosal immunity provides the pathophysiological course of infectious process and the clinical manifestations and development of symptoms of misacrriage; increasing levels of mucosal immunity to hyperreaction contributes to the development of symptoms of abortion and miscarriage; not registered mutual influence of oppression, mucosal immunity and its hyperreaction; the severity of the infectious process does not depend on the severity of clinical signs and symptoms of miscarriage. In urgent childbirth (infection), the oppression of mucosal immunity does not affect the severity of clinical manifestations, symptoms of abortion and the infectious process. In urgent or premature birth, and termination of pregnancy, the oppression of mucosal immunity affects the severity of clinical manifestations, the severity of the infectious process and the symptoms of abortion; the severity of clinical manifestations and the severity of the symptoms of abortion are interrelated. In urgent birth (infection) mucosal immunity overreaction affects the severity of clinical manifestations, symptoms of miscarriage and infection; in case of term and preterm labour overreaction mucosal immunity on the severity of infection and symptoms of abortion and does not affect the severity of clinical manifestations and at the termination of a pregnancy mucosal immunity on the severity of the infectious process and does not affect the severity of clinical signs and symptoms of abortion. The levels of mucosal immunity inhibition, its hyperreaction, clinical manifestations, symptoms of pregnancy termination and the severity of the infectious process do not depend on the type of herpes simplex virus. In the absence of infection with herpes simplex virus in patients with urogenital infections of pregnant women, there is no mutual influence and the relationship between the oppression of mucosal immunity and hyperreaction of mucosal immunity, the oppression of mucosal immunity prevails over its hyperreaction. With increasing mucosal immunity oppression, increased anti-infectious resistance of the body (the decreased activity of the infectious process), and with its decrease decreased (increased activity of the infectious process). Hyperreaction of mucosal immunity influenced the severity of pregnancy termination symptoms, clinical manifestations and infectious process, and also determined the severity of pregnancy termination symptoms. The severity of the infectious process and clinical manifestations influenced the symptoms of abortion. The severity of the infectious process did not affect the clinical manifestations. During infection with herpes simplex virus type I or type I and II on the background prevalence of oppression mucosal immunity over hyperreaction mucosal immunity, the presence of relationships between them, and the impact of mucosal immunity on the severity of the infectious process and the clinical manifestations increase mucosal immunity has been shown to decrease the severity of infection and clinical manifestations (reduction of anti-infective resistance), while reducing mucosal immunity the severity of infection and clinical manifestations increased. Hyperreaction of mucosal immunity influenced the severity of pregnancy termination symptoms and determined the severity of pregnancy termination symptoms. The severity of the infectious process and clinical manifestations influenced the symptoms of abortion. The severity of clinical manifestations reflects the severity of the infectious process. In type I and type II of pregnancy, the level of mucosal immunity determines the anti-infectious resistance of the body in urogenital infection of pregnant women. Inhibition of mucosal immunity and its hyperreactions are interrelated, have an impact on each other, as a result of their integral interaction, increasing the levels of mucosal immunity leads to a decrease in the severity of clinical manifestations and the infectious process, reducing the levels of mucosal immunity contributes to the manifestation of clinical manifestations, as well as increasing the severity of the infectious process. Hyperreaction of mucosal immunity affects the severity of symptoms of abortion, infection and clinical manifestations. The infectious process and clinical manifestations determine the severity of the symptoms of abortion. In type III and type IV of pregnancy course, there is no mutual influence of mucosal immunity oppression and its hyperreaction. The levels of indicators of mucosal immunity oppression and its hyperreaction are interrelated; the increase in the severity of mucosal immunity oppression is accompanied by a decrease in clinical manifestations and severity of the infectious process and vice versa. Hyperreaction of mucosal immunity affects the severity of symptoms of abortion, infection and clinical manifestations. The infectious process determines the severity of the symptoms of abortion and clinical manifestations, acting as a leading component of gestational complications in urogenital infection of pregnant women. In the III type of pregnancy course oppression of mucosal immunity does not affect the severity of symptoms of miscarriage. In the IV type of pregnancy course, the levels of mucosal immunity oppression prevail over the indicators of mucosal immunity hyperreaction, which is due to the integral interaction of physiological inhibition of immunological reactivity of the organism in response to pregnancy and inhibition of immunological reactivity of the organism, accompanying the activation of infectious process of viral genesis. Hyperreaction of mucosal immunity determines the symptoms of abortion., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of progressive hair loss in man. The search for reliable predictors of the conservative treatment's effectiveness is an urgent problem today. Forty-eight patients with AGA, stages I-IV by the Norwood-Hamilton scale, were treated for 4 months with 5% topical minoxidil joints with corrections for trace element and vitamin imbalances. In most cases, the positive therapy's effect was shown in the parietal but not in the occipital area, whereas that effect was observed in others. The attempts to associate the therapy's effectiveness with initially defined genetic, hormonal, and metabolic parameters showed the absence of differences between groups with positive and negative outcomes. Among the studied nutrient parameters (Zn, Cu, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Se, as well as vitamins B12, E, D, and folic acid), differences between these groups was shown in zinc content only. The starting point from a zinc plasma level above 10 µmol/L likely provides the success of the subsequent conservative therapy and correlates with an increase in the hair density and diameter in the parietal area. The integral predictive value of the Zn plasma level was assessed as 72.3% (positive predictive value: -88%; and negative predictive value: -55%).

We studied antibacterial properties of organo-inorganic hybrid coatings on the AMg2 aluminum alloy including superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic nanotextured metal substrates with applied bacteriophage particles. Bactericidal activity of surfaces after artificial contamination with a bacterial suspension was evaluated. To increase bactericidal effect of the plates, bacteriophage was sorbed on their surface. In the experiments simulating possible spreading of HAI pathogens, higher bactericidal activity of superhydrophilic surfaces in comparison with superhydrophobic ones. Application of bacteriophage particles did not prevent primary colonization of textured metal surfaces by strains used in the experiment, but in some cases increases their bactericidal activity.

The concentration of plasmalogen bacterial and endotoxin levels in the saliva of patients with different severity of periodontal disease, injury prosthetic bed and with various degrees of the oral cavity microbiocenosis violations was studied. Determination of the presence of the pathological process was carried out clinically, according to the condition of periodontal tissues. The degree of microbiological disorders was assessed by the quantitative ratio of the types of microorganisms isolated from the smear taken from the gingival groove. It was found that the concentration of plasmalogen for normal microbiocenosis is not less than 0.7 µg/g. For the intermediate type of microbiocenosis, the concentration of 1.82 µg/g was determined; for dysbiosis - 5.64 µg/g, and for the expressed violation of the microbial composition accompanied by inflammatory processes - 6.54 µg/g. An increase in the concentration of bacterial endotoxin (be) more than 6.25 nanomole/g indicates the pronounced inflammatory process, regardless of the determined intensity of contamination of opportunistic gram-negative microflora., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Biochemical indicators of saliva were studied in 47 patients of the intensive care unit and intensive care unit of a neurosurgical hospital with varying degrees of severity of the disease. The method of gas-liquid chromatography of the acidified substrate of the saliva filtrate determined the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and their reference values for patients without respiratory tract diseases. The threshold values of the concentrations of SCFA and the values of their calculated indices were determined by ROC analysis with the construction of the ROC curve, calculation of the area under the curve (AUC) and the cutoff threshold CutOff. The method of determining reference values of HFA in saliva developed as a result of the study makes it possible to assess the risks of developing an unfavorable course of the disease, optimize treatment tactics and improve the prognosis of the disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

An immunochip for multiple parallel detection of specific serum IgG in serological screening for syphilis is based on the use of an extended array of Treponema pallidum recombinant proteins and includes traditionally used immunodominant antigens (Tp15, Tp17, Tp47, and TmpA) and new synthetic proteins (Tp0277, Tp0319, Tp0453, Tp0684, Tp0965, and Tp1038). The use of individual antigens has demonstrated high analytical value of Tp0277 (periplasmatic C-terminal protease), Tp0319 (cytoplasmic membrane-associated lipoprotein TmpC), and external membrane-associated protein Tp0453 with transporting function, all of them improving significantly the efficiency of screening for syphilis in comparison with the traditional array of antigens. Multiparametric analysis of the results obtained on the immunochip with the use of linear discriminant analysis confirmed the efficiency of extended array of T. pallidum diagnostic antigens. Due to proposed modification, the "positive" and "negative" sera are clearly differentiated: the serological study showed 94.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity.