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1. The 'neutron deficit' in the JET tokamak

Author: Weisen, H, Kim, HT, Strachan, J, Scott, S, Baranov, Y, Buchanan, J, Fitzgerald, M, Keeling, D, King, DB, Giacomelli, L, Koskela, T, Weisen, MJ, Giroud, C, Maslov, M, Core, WG, Zastrow, KD, Syme, DB, Popovichev, S, Conroy, S, Lengar, I, Snoj, L, Batistoni, P, and Santala, M
Subjects: neutron yield, fusion reactions, Monte Carlo orbit code, TRANSP, Fluids & Plasmas, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract: The measured D-D neutron rate of neutral beam heated JET baseline and hybrid H-modes in deuterium is found to be between approximately 50% and 100% of the neutron rate expected from the TRANSP code, depending on the plasma parameters. A number of candidate explanations for the shortfall, such as fuel dilution, errors in beam penetration and effectively available beam power have been excluded. As the neutron rate in JET is dominated by beam-plasma interactions, the 'neutron deficit' may be caused by a yet unidentified form of fast particle redistribution. Modelling, which assumes fast particle transport to be responsible for the deficit, indicates that such redistribution would have to happen at time scales faster than both the slowing down time and the energy confinement time. Sawteeth and edge localised modes are found to make no significant contribution to the deficit. There is also no obvious correlation with magnetohydrodynamic activity measured using magnetic probes at the tokamak vessel walls. Modelling of fast particle orbits in the 3D fields of neoclassical tearing modes shows that realistically sized islands can only contribute a few percent to the deficit. In view of these results it appears unlikely that the neutron deficit results from a single physical process in the plasma.
Published: 2017

2. Overview of JET results for optimising ITER operation

Author: Mailloux, J, Abid, N, Abraham, K, Abreu, P, Adabonyan, O, Adrich, P, Afanasev, V, Afzal, M, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Akhtar, M, Albanese, R, Alderson-Martin, M, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Aleksa, A, Alekseev, A, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Algualcil, J, Ali, M, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amosov, V, Sunden, E, Andrew, P, Angelini, B, Angioni, C, Antoniou, I, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Aria, S, Ariola, M, Artaserse, G, Arter, W, Artigues, V, Asakura, N, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Astrain, M, Asztalos, O, Auld, D, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Aymerich, E, Baciero, A, Bairaktaris, F, Balbin, J, Balbinot, L, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, C, Balshaw, N, Bandaru, V, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barcellona, C, Barnard, A, Barnard, M, Barnsley, R, Barth, A, Baruzzo, M, Barwell, S, Bassan, M, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baumane, L, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Beaumont, P, Beckett, D, Begolli, A, Beidler, M, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Belli, E, Belli, F, Belonohy, E, Ben Yaala, M, Benayas, J, Bentley, J, Bergsaker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Betar, H, Beurskens, M, Bickerton, S, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Bierwage, A, Biewer, T, Bilato, R, Bilkova, P, Birkenmeier, G, Bishop, H, Bizarro, J, Blackburn, J, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bohm, P, Bohm, T, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonfiglio, D, Bonnin, X, Bonofiglo, P, Boocock, S, Booth, A, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Boyd, K, Mihalic, I, Bradnam, S, Braic, V, Brandt, L, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Brix, M, Bromley, K, Brown, B, Brunetti, D, Buckingham, R, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buratti, P, Burgess, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butcher, D, de la Cal, E, Calabro, G, Calacci, L, Calado, R, Camenen, Y, Canal, G, Cannas, B, Cappelli, M, Carcangiu, S, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carnevale, D, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casiraghi, I, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catalan, J, Catarino, N, Causa, F, Cavedon, M, Cecconello, M, Challis, C, Chamberlain, B, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, B, Chernyshova, M, Chiariello, A, Chmielewski, P, Chomiczewska, A, Chone, L, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colangeli, A, Colas, L, Collins, C, Collins, J, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, B, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, P, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corrigan, G, Coster, D, Cox, P, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Crapper, C, Craven, D, Craven, R, Esposito, M, Croci, G, Croft, D, Croitoru, A, Crombe, K, Cronin, T, Cruz, N, Crystal, C, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarski, T, Dabirikhah, H, Dal Molin, A, Dale, E, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, David, P, Davies, A, Davies, S, Davis, G, Dawson, K, Dawson, S, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Dejarnac, R, Del Sarto, D, Delabie, E, Del-Castillo-Negrete, D, Dempsey, A, Dendy, R, Devynck, P, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dickson, T, Dinca, P, Dittmar, T, Dobrashian, J, Doerner, R, Donne, A, Dorling, S, Dormido-Canto, S, Douai, D, Dowson, S, Doyle, R, Dreval, M, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Drummond, G, Duckworth, P, Dudding, H, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunatov, T, Dunne, M, Durodie, F, Dux, R, Dvornova, A, Eastham, R, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Eichorn, A, Eidietis, N, Eksaeva, A, El Haroun, H, Ellwood, G, Elsmore, C, Embreus, O, Emery, S, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, B, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Ertmer, S, Esquembri, S, Esquisabel, A, Estrada, T, Evans, G, Evans, S, Fable, E, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falessi, M, Fanni, A, Farahani, A, Farquhar, I, Fasoli, A, Faugeras, B, Fazinic, S, Felici, F, Felton, R, Fernandes, A, Fernandes, H, Ferrand, J, Ferreira, D, Ferreira, J, Ferro, G, Fessey, J, Ficker, O, Field, A, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Fil, N, Finburg, P, Fiorucci, D, Fischer, U, Fishpool, G, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Flinders, K, Foley, S, Fonnesu, N, Fontana, M, Fontdecaba, J, Forbes, S, Formisano, A, Fornal, T, Fortuna, L, Fortuna-Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Fowler, C, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Fridstrom, R, Frigione, D, Fulop, T, Furseman, M, Fusco, V, Futatani, S, Gadariya, D, Gal, K, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Galvao, R, Gao, Y, Garcia, J, Garcia-Munoz, M, Gardener, M, Garzotti, L, Gaspar, J, Gatto, R, Gaudio, P, Gear, D, Gebhart, T, Gee, S, Gelfusa, M, George, R, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Gherendi, M, Ghezzi, F, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Giacometti, G, Gibson, C, Gibson, K, Gil, L, Gillgren, A, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Giroud, C, Glen, R, Gloggler, S, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborodko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodyear, A, Gore, S, Gorini, G, Gorler, T, Gotts, N, Goulding, R, Gow, E, Graham, B, Graves, J, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griffiths, J, Griph, S, Grist, D, Gromelski, W, Groth, M, Grove, R, Gruca, M, Guard, D, Gupta, N, Gurl, C, Gusarov, A, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hager, R, Hagg, L, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth-Cook, S, Ham, C, Hamaguchi, D, Hamed, M, Hamlyn-Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harford, E, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hayashi, T, Hazael, S, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heidbrink, B, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Herfindal, J, Hermon, G, Hill, J, Hillesheim, J, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Ho, A, Hobirk, J, Hoenen, O, Hogben, C, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Hollmann, E, Holzl, M, Homan, B, Hook, M, Hopley, D, Horsley, D, Horsten, N, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Howell, R, Hu, Z, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Huijsmans, G, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Iliasova, M, Imrie, D, Imrisek, M, Ingleby, J, Innocente, P, Bjork, K, Isernia, N, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Ivings, E, 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Kumpulainen, H, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurotaki, H, Kwak, S, Kwon, O, Laguardia, L, Lagzdina, E, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lam, N, Lambertz, H, Lane, B, Lane, C, Neto, E, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Learoyd, G, Lee, C, Lee, S, Leerink, S, Leeson, T, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, H, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichtle, D, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Gutierrez, E, Lepiavko, B, Leppanen, J, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lewis, J, Leysen, W, Li, L, Li, Y, Likonen, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Litaudon, X, Litherland-Smith, E, Liu, F, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, P, Lopez, J, Lorenzini, R, Loreti, S, Losada, U, Loschiavo, V, Loughlin, M, Louka, Z, Lovell, J, Lowe, T, Lowry, C, Lubbad, S, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, de la Luna, E, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, C, Lunt, T, Lutsenko, V, Lyons, B, Lyssoivan, A, Machielsen, M, Macusova, E, Maenpaa, R, Maggi, C, Maggiora, R, Magness, M, Mahesan, S, Maier, H, Maingi, R, Malinowski, K, Manas, P, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manyer, J, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marceca, G, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Mariani, A, Mariano, G, Marin, M, Marinelli, M, Markovic, T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marsden, S, Marsh, J, Marshall, R, Martellucci, L, Martin, A, Martone, R, Maruyama, S, Maslov, M, Masuzaki, S, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Matveev, D, Matveeva, E, Mauriya, A, Maviglia, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, Mazzi, S, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mcclenaghan, J, Mccullen, P, Mcdonald, D, Mcguckin, D, Mchugh, D, Mcintyre, G, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Mcmillan, B, Mcnamee, L, Mcshee, A, Meakins, A, Medley, S, Meekes, C, Meghani, K, Meigs, A, Meisl, G, Meitner, S, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merriman, S, Mertens, P, Meshchaninov, S, Messiaen, A, Michling, R, Middleton, P, Middleton-Gear, D, Mietelski, J, Milanesio, D, Milani, E, Militello, F, Asp, A, Milnes, J, Milocco, A, Miloshevsky, G, Minghao, C, Minucci, S, Miron, I, Miyamoto, M, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Monaghan, P, Monakhov, I, Moody, T, Moon, S, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Morales, J, Morales, R, Mordijck, S, Moreira, L, Morgan, L, Moro, F, Morris, J, Morrison, K, Msero, L, Moulton, D, Mrowetz, T, Mundy, T, Muraglia, M, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Muthusonai, N, Na, Y, Nabais, F, Naden, M, Naish, J, Naish, R, Napoli, F, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, M, Nedzelskiy, I, Nemtsev, G, Nesenevich, V, Nestoras, I, Neu, R, Neverov, V, Ng, S, Nicassio, M, Nielsen, A, Nina, D, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nobs, C, Nocente, M, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Normanton, R, Noterdaeme, J, Nowak, S, Nunn, E, Nystrom, H, Oberparleiter, M, Obryk, B, O'Callaghan, J, Odupitan, T, Oliver, H, Olney, R, O'Mullane, M, Ongena, J, Organ, E, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Osborne, T, Otin, R, Otsuka, T, Owen, A, Oya, Y, Oyaizu, M, Paccagnella, R, Pace, N, Packer, L, Paige, S, Pajuste, E, Palade, D, Pamela, S, Panadero, N, Panontin, E, Papadopoulos, A, Papp, G, Papp, P, Parail, V, Pardanaud, C, Parisi, J, Diaz, F, Parsloe, A, Parsons, M, Parsons, N, Passeri, M, Patel, A, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Pavone, A, Pawelec, E, Soldan, C, Peacock, A, Pearce, M, Peluso, E, Penot, C, Pepperell, K, Pereira, R, Pereira, T, Cippo, E, Pereslavtsev, P, von Thun, C, Pericoli, V, Perry, D, Peterka, M, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Petrella, N, Peyman, M, Pillon, M, Pinches, S, Pintsuk, G, de Sa, W, dos Reis, A, Piron, C, Pionr, L, Pironti, A, Pitts, R, van de Plassche, K, Platt, N, Plyusnin, V, Podesta, M, Pokol, G, Poli, F, Pompilian, O, Popovichev, S, Poradzinski, M, Porfiri, M, Porkolab, M, Porosnicu, C, Porton, M, Poulipoulis, G, Predebon, I, Prestopino, G, Price, C, Price, D, Price, M, Primetzhofer, D, Prior, P, Provatas, G, Pucella, G, Puglia, P, Purahoo, K, Pusztai, I, Putignano, O, Putterich, T, Quercia, A, Rachlew, E, Radulescu, G, Radulovic, V, Rainford, M, Raj, P, Ralph, G, Ramogida, G, Rasmussen, D, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Rebai, M, Refy, D, Reichle, R, Reinke, M, Reiser, D, Reux, C, Reynolds, S, Richiusa, M, Richyal, S, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, F, Risner, J, Riva, M, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Roach, C, Robins, R, Robinson, S, Robson, D, Rodionov, R, Rodrigues, P, Ramos, M, Rodriguez-Fernandez, P, Romanelli, F, Romanelli, M, Romanelli, S, Romazanov, J, Rossi, R, Rowe, S, Rowlands, D, Rubel, M, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ruchko, L, Ruiz, M, Ruiz, J, Ruset, C, Rzadkiewicz, J, Saarelma, S, Safi, E, Sahlberg, A, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Salmon, R, Salzedas, F, Sanders, I, Sandiford, D, Santos, B, Santucci, A, Sarkimaki, K, Sarwar, R, Sarychev, I, Sauter, O, Sauwan, P, Scapin, N, Schluck, F, Schmid, K, Schmuck, S, Schneider, M, Schneider, P, Schworer, D, Scott, G, Scott, M, Scraggs, D, Scully, S, Segato, M, Seo, J, Sergienko, G, Sertoli, M, Sharapov, S, Shaw, A, Sheikh, H, Sheikh, U, Shepherd, A, Shevelev, A, Shigin, P, Shinohara, K, Shiraiwa, S, Shiraki, D, Short, M, Sias, G, Silburn, S, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silva, J, Silvagni, D, Simfukwe, D, Simpson, J, Sinclair, D, Sipila, S, Sips, A, Siren, P, Sirinelli, A, Sjostrand, H, Skinner, N, Slater, J, Smith, N, Smith, P, Snell, J, Snoep, G, Snoj, L, Snyder, P, Soare, S, Solano, E, Solokha, V, Somers, A, Sommariva, C, Soni, K, Sorokovoy, E, Sos, M, Sousa, J, Sozzi, C, Spagnolo, S, Spelzini, T, Spineanu, F, Spong, D, Sprada, D, Sridhar, S, Srinivasan, C, Stables, G, Staebler, G, Stamatelatos, I, Stancar, Z, Staniec, P, Stankunas, G, Stead, M, Stefanikova, E, Stephen, A, Stephens, J, Stevenson, P, Stojanov, M, Strand, P, Strauss, H, Strikwerda, S, Strom, P, Stuart, C, Studholme, W, Subramani, M, Suchkov, E, Sumida, S, Sun, H, Susts, T, Svensson, J, Svoboda, J, Sweeney, R, Sytnykov, D, Szabolics, T, Szepesi, G, Tabia, B, Tadic, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tallargio, A, Tamain, P, Tan, H, Tanaka, K, Tang, W, Tardocchi, M, Taylor, D, Teimane, A, Telesca, G, Teplova, N, Teplukhina, A, Terentyev, D, Terra, A, Terranova, D, Terranova, N, Testa, D, Tholerus, E, Thomas, J, Thoren, E, Thorman, A, Tierens, W, Tinguely, R, Tipton, A, Todd, H, Tokitani, M, Tolias, P, Tomes, M, Tookey, A, Torikai, Y, von Toussaint, U, Tsavalas, P, Tskhakaya, D, Turner, I, Turner, M, Turnyanskiy, M, Tvalashvili, G, Tyrrell, S, Tyshchenko, M, Uccello, A, Udintsev, V, Urbanczyk, G, Vadgama, A, Valcarcel, D, Valisa, M, Olivares, P, Vallhagen, O, Van Eester, D, Varje, J, Vartanian, S, Vasilopoulou, T, Vayakis, G, Vecsei, M, Vega, J, Ventre, S, Verdoolaege, G, Verona, C, Rinati, G, Veshchev, E, Vianello, N, Viezzer, E, Vignitchouk, L, Vila, R, Villari, R, Villone, F, Vincenzi, P, Vinyar, I, Viola, B, Virtanen, A, Vitins, A, Vizvary, Z, Vlad, G, Vlad, M, Vondracek, P, de Vries, P, Wakeling, B, Walkden, N, Walker, M, Walker, R, Walsh, M, Wang, E, Wang, N, Warder, S, Warren, R, Waterhouse, J, Watts, C, Wauters, T, Weckmann, A, Maxwell, H, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Weiszflog, M, Welch, P, Wendler, N, West, A, Wheatley, M, Wheeler, S, Whitehead, A, Whittaker, D, Widdowson, A, Wiesen, S, Wilkinson, J, Williams, J, Willoughby, D, Wilson, I, Wilson, J, Wilson, T, Wischmeier, M, Wise, P, Withenshaw, G, Withycombe, A, Witts, D, Wojcik-Gargula, A, Wolfrum, E, Wood, R, Woodley, C, Woodley, R, Woods, B, Wright, J, Xu, T, Yadikin, D, Yajima, M, Yakovenko, Y, Yang, Y, Yanling, W, Yanovskiy, V, Young, I, Young, R, Zabolockis, R, Zacks, J, Zagorski, R, Zaitsev, F, Zakharov, L, Zarins, A, Fernandez, D, Zastrow, K, Zayachuk, Y, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zlobinski, M, Zocco, A, Zohar, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zotta, V, Zoulias, I, Zwingmann, W, Zychor, I, Alekseev, AG, Sunden, EA, Angelini, BM, Appel, LC, Bandaru, VK, Baranov, YF, Beaumont, PS, Bizarro, JPS, Mihalic, IB, Bradnam, SC, Carvalho, IS, Casson, FJ, Catalan, JP, Challis, CD, Chang, CS, Coad, JP, Coenen, JW, Coffey, IH, Conway, NJ, Esposito, MC, Day, IE, Dendy, RO, Doerner, RP, Donne, AJH, Eriksson, LG, Esquisabel, AL, Ferreira, DR, Field, AR, Fontdecaba, JM, Gerasimov, SN, Giacalone, JC, Gibson, KJ, Graves, JP, Hall, SA, Ham, CJ, Harrison, JR, Hatch, DR, Hawkes, NC, Henderson, SS, Henriques, RB, Hillesheim, JC, Horton, LD, Huijsmans, GTA, Bjork, KI, Rodriguez, JJ, Kazakov, YO, Keeling, DL, Kim, HT, Kim, SH, King, DB, Kiptily, VG, Kirov, KK, Koslowski, HR, Kukushkin, AB, Kwon, OJ, Lambertz, HT, Neto, EL, Lawson, KD, Lee, SE, Leggate, HJ, Gutierrez, EL, Lomas, PJ, Lopez, JM, Loschiavo, VP, Lungu, CP, Maggi, CF, Mantsinen, MJ, Martin, AJ, Matthews, GF, Mayoral, ML, McAdams, R, McCarthy, PJ, McClements, KG, McClenaghan, J, McCullen, P, McDonald, DC, McGuckin, D, McHugh, D, McIntyre, G, McKean, R, McKehon, J, McMillan, B, McNamee, L, McShee, A, Meekes, CJ, Meigs, AG, Asp, AM, Morales, RB, Morrison, KM, Na, YS, Nave, MFF, Neverov, VS, Nielsen, AH, Nobs, CR, Noterdaeme, JM, Oliver, HJC, Packer, LW, Pamela, SJP, Parail, VV, Diaz, FP, Soldan, CP, Cippo, EP, von Thun, CP, de Sa, WP, dos Reis, AP, van de Plassche, KL, Poli, FM, Pompilian, OG, Porfiri, MT, Rasmussen, JJ, Richiusa, ML, Rimini, FG, Roach, CM, Ramos, MR, Ruiz, JR, Schneider, PA, Sharapov, SE, Silburn, SA, Sipila, SK, Sips, ACC, Solano, ER, 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Donne, AJH, Eriksson, LG, Esquisabel, AL, Ferreira, DR, Field, AR, Fontdecaba, JM, Gerasimov, SN, Giacalone, JC, Gibson, KJ, Graves, JP, Hall, SA, Ham, CJ, Harrison, JR, Hatch, DR, Hawkes, NC, Henderson, SS, Henriques, RB, Hillesheim, JC, Horton, LD, Huijsmans, GTA, Bjork, KI, Rodriguez, JJ, Kazakov, YO, Keeling, DL, Kim, HT, Kim, SH, King, DB, Kiptily, VG, Kirov, KK, Koslowski, HR, Kukushkin, AB, Kwon, OJ, Lambertz, HT, Neto, EL, Lawson, KD, Lee, SE, Leggate, HJ, Gutierrez, EL, Lomas, PJ, Lopez, JM, Loschiavo, VP, Lungu, CP, Maggi, CF, Mantsinen, MJ, Martin, AJ, Matthews, GF, Mayoral, ML, McAdams, R, McCarthy, PJ, McClements, KG, McClenaghan, J, McCullen, P, McDonald, DC, McGuckin, D, McHugh, D, McIntyre, G, McKean, R, McKehon, J, McMillan, B, McNamee, L, McShee, A, Meekes, CJ, Meigs, AG, Asp, AM, Morales, RB, Morrison, KM, Na, YS, Nave, MFF, Neverov, VS, Nielsen, AH, Nobs, CR, Noterdaeme, JM, Oliver, HJC, Packer, LW, Pamela, SJP, Parail, VV, Diaz, FP, Soldan, CP, Cippo, EP, von Thun, CP, de Sa, WP, dos Reis, AP, van de Plassche, KL, Poli, FM, Pompilian, OG, Porfiri, MT, Rasmussen, JJ, Richiusa, ML, Rimini, FG, Roach, CM, Ramos, MR, Ruiz, JR, Schneider, PA, Sharapov, SE, Silburn, SA, Sipila, SK, Sips, ACC, Solano, ER, Strauss, HR, Stuart, CI, Sun, HJ, Susts, TE, Teimane, AS, Tinguely, RA, Turner, MM, Olivares, PV, Rinati, GV, Virtanen, AJ, Walkden, NR, Maxwell, HW, Williams, JC, Wright, JC, Zabolockis, RJ, Zaitsev, FS, Fernandez, DZ, Zastrow, KD, and Zotta, VK
Abstract: The JET 2019-2020 scientific and technological programme exploited the results of years of concerted scientific and engineering work, including the ITER-like wall (ILW: Be wall and W divertor) installed in 2010, improved diagnostic capabilities now fully available, a major neutral beam injection upgrade providing record power in 2019-2020, and tested the technical and procedural preparation for safe operation with tritium. Research along three complementary axes yielded a wealth of new results. Firstly, the JET plasma programme delivered scenarios suitable for high fusion power and alpha particle (alpha) physics in the coming D-T campaign (DTE2), with record sustained neutron rates, as well as plasmas for clarifying the impact of isotope mass on plasma core, edge and plasma-wall interactions, and for ITER pre-fusion power operation. The efficacy of the newly installed shattered pellet injector for mitigating disruption forces and runaway electrons was demonstrated. Secondly, research on the consequences of long-term exposure to JET-ILW plasma was completed, with emphasis on wall damage and fuel retention, and with analyses of wall materials and dust particles that will help validate assumptions and codes for design and operation of ITER and DEMO. Thirdly, the nuclear technology programme aiming to deliver maximum technological return from operations in D, T and D-T benefited from the highest D-D neutron yield in years, securing results for validating radiation transport and activation codes, and nuclear data for ITER.
Published: 2022

3. First principles and integrated modelling achievements towards trustful fusion power predictions for JET and ITER

Author: Garcia, J., Dumont, R. J., Joly, J., Morales, J., Garzotti, L., Bache, T. W., Baranov, Y., Casson, F. J., Challis, C., Kirov, K., Mailloux, J., Saarelma, S., Nocente, M., Banon-Navarro, A., Goerler, T., Citrin, J., Ho, A., Gallart, D., Mantsinen, M., Abduallev, (Abduallev, S, ( 8, S., 42, ), Abhangi, (Abhangi, M, ( 8, M., 54, ), Abreu, (Abreu, P, ( 8, P., 60, ), Afanasev, (Afanasev, V, V)(, 8, 61, ), Afzal, (Afzal, M, 14, ), Aggarwal, (Aggarwal, Km, ( 8, K. M., 85, ), Ahlgren, (Ahlgren, T, ( 8, T., 106, ), Aho-Mantila, (Aho-Mantila, L, ( 8, L., 113, ), Aiba, (Aiba, N, ( 8, N., 73, ), Airila, (Airila, M, Alarcon, (Alarcon, T, 15, ), Albanese, (Albanese, R, ( 8, R., 18, ), Alegre, (Alegre, D, ( 8, D., 64, ), Aleiferis, (Aleiferis, S, 75, ), Alessi, (Alessi, E, ( 8, E., 50, ), Aleynikov, (Aleynikov, P, 62, ), Alkseev, (Alkseev, A, ( 8, A., 76, ), Allinson, (Allinson, M, Alper, (Alper, B, ( 8, B., Alves, (Alves, E, Ambrosino, (Ambrosino, G, ( 8, G., (Ambrosino, R, Amosov, (Amosov, V, 95, ), Sunden, (Sunden, Ea, Andersson)( 8, E., 26, ), Andrews, (Andrews, R, Angelone, (Angelone, M, 96, ), Anghel, (Anghel, M, 92, ), Angioni, (Angioni, C, ( 8, C., 68, ), Appel, (Appel, L, Appelbee, (Appelbee, C, Arena, Paolo Pietro, (Arena, P, 34, ), Ariola, (Ariola, M, Arshad, (Arshad, S, 45, ), Artaud, (Artaud, J, ( 8, J., Arter, (Arter, W, ( 8, W., Ash, (Ash, A, Ashikawa, (Ashikawa, N, ( 8 ), N., Aslanyan, (Aslanyan, V, 70, ), Asunta, (Asunta, O, ( 8, O., Asztalos, 9, (Asztalos, O, 114, ), Auriemma, (Auriemma, F, ( 8, F., 19, ), Austin, (Austin, Y, ( 8, Y., Avotina, (Avotina, L, 109, ), Axton, (Axton, M, Ayres, (Ayres, C, Baciero, (Baciero, A, Baiao, (Baiao, D, Balboa, (Balboa, I, I)(, 8, Balden, (Balden, M, Balshaw, (Balshaw, N, Bandaru, (Bandaru, Vk, ( 8, V. 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J., Challis, C., Kirov, K., Mailloux, J., Saarelma, S., Nocente, M., Banon-Navarro, A., Goerler, T., Citrin, J., Ho, A., Gallart, D., Formisano, A., Mantsinen, M., Dumont, Rj, Bache, Tw, Casson, Fj, Abduallev, S, Abhangi, M, Abreu, P, Afanasev, V, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, Km, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Alarcon, T, Albanese, R, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Alkseev, A, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amosov, V, Sunden, Ea, Andrews, R, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Angioni, C, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Arena, P, Ariola, M, Arshad, S, Artaud, J, Arter, W, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O, Asztalos, O, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Baciero, A, Baiao, D, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, N, Bandaru, Vk, Banks, J, Baranov, Yf, Barcellona, C, Barnard, T, Barnes, M, Barnsley, R, Wiechec, Ab, Orte, Lb, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bassan, M, Bastow, R, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baumane, L, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Beaumont, P, Beckers, M, Beckett, B, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, K, Belli, F, Belonohy, E, Benayas, J, Bergsaker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Besiliu, C, Betar, H, Beurskens, M, Bielecki, J, Biewer, T, Bilato, R, Biletskyi, O, Bilkova, P, Binda, F, Birkenmeier, G, Bizarro, Jp, Bjorkas, C, Blackburn, J, Blackman, Tr, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bogar, O, Bohm, P, Bohm, T, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Boncagni, L, Bonfiglio, D, Bonnin, X, Boom, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Bowman, C, Boyce, T, Boyer, H, Bradnam, Sc, Braic, V, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Brennan, D, Breton, S, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Brix, M, Broeckx, W, Brombin, M, Broslawski, A, Brown, B, Brunetti, D, Bruno, E, Buch, J, Buchanan, J, Buckingham, R, Buckley, M, Bucolo, M, Budny, R, Bufferand, H, Buller, S, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Burroughes, G, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butcher, D, Butler, B, 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Predebon, I, Prestopino, G, Price, D, Price, M, Price, R, Primetzhofer, D, Prior, P, Pucella, G, Puglia, P, Puiatti, Me, Purahoo, K, Pusztai, I, Putterich, T, Rachlew, E, Rack, M, Ragona, R, Rainford, M, Raj, P, Rakha, A, Ramogida, G, Ranjan, S, Rapson, Cj, Rasmussen, D, Rasmussen, Jj, Rathod, K, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ravera, G, Rebai, M, Reed, A, Refy, D, Regana, J, Reich, M, Reid, N, Reimold, F, Reinhart, M, Reinke, M, Reiser, D, Rendell, D, Reux, C, Cortes, Sdar, Reynolds, S, Ricci, D, Richiusa, M, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, Fg, Risner, J, Riva, M, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Roach, C, Robins, R, Robinson, S, Robson, D, Rodionov, R, Rodrigues, P, Rodriguez, J, Rohde, V, Romanelli, M, Romanelli, F, Romanelli, S, Romazanov, J, Rowe, S, Rubel, M, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ruchko, L, Ruset, C, Rzadkiewicz, J, Sabot, R, Saez, X, Safi, E, Sahlberg, A, Saibene, G, Saleem, M, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Salmon, R, Salzedas, F, Samm, U, Sandiford, D, Santa, P, Santala, Mik, Santos, B, Santucci, A, Sartori, F, Sartori, R, Sauter, O, Scannell, R, Schluck, F, Schlummer, T, Schmid, K, Schmuck, S, Schopf, K, Schweinzer, J, Schworer, D, Scott, Sd, Sergienko, G, Sertoli, M, Shabbir, A, Sharapov, Se, Shaw, A, Sheikh, H, Shepherd, A, Shevelev, A, Shiraki, D, Shumack, A, Sias, G, Sibbald, M, Sieglin, B, Silburn, S, Silva, J, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silvagni, D, Simmons, P, Simpson, J, Sinha, A, Sipila, Sk, Sips, Acc, Siren, P, Sirinelli, A, Sjostrand, H, Skiba, M, Skilton, R, Skvara, V, Slade, B, Smith, R, Smith, P, Smith, Sf, Snoj, L, Soare, S, Solano, Er, Somers, A, Sommariva, C, Sonato, P, Sos, M, Sousa, J, Sozzi, C, Spagnolo, S, Sparapani, P, Spelzini, T, Spineanu, F, Sprada, D, Sridhar, S, Stables, G, Stallard, J, Stamatelatos, I, Stamp, Mf, Stan-Sion, C, Stancar, Z, Staniec, P, Stankunas, G, Stano, M, Stavrou, C, Stefanikova, E, Stepanov, I, Stephen, Av, Stephen, M, Stephens, J, Stevens, B, Stober, J, Stokes, C, Strachan, J, Strand, P, Strauss, Hr, Strom, P, Studholme, W, Subba, F, Suchkov, E, Summers, Hp, Sun, H, Sutton, N, Svensson, J, Sytnykov, D, Szabolics, T, Szepesi, G, Suzuki, Tt, Tabares, F, Tadic, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Taliercio, C, Tallargio, A, Tanaka, K, Tang, W, Tardocchi, M, Tatali, R, Taylor, D, Tegnered, D, Telesca, G, Teplova, N, Teplukhina, A, Terranova, D, Terry, C, Testa, D, Tholerus, E, Thomas, J, Thompson, Vk, Thornton, A, Tierens, W, Tiseanu, I, Tojo, H, Tokitani, M, Tolias, P, Tomes, M, Trimble, P, Tripsky, M, Tsalas, M, Tsavalas, P, Tskhakaya, D, Jun, Dt, Turner, I, Turner, Mm, Turnyanskiy, M, Tvalashvili, G, Tyshchenko, M, Uccello, A, Uljanovs, J, Urano, H, Urban, A, Urbanczyk, G, Uytdenhouwen, I, Vadgama, A, Valcarcel, D, Vale, R, Valentinuzzi, M, Valerii, K, Valisa, M, Olivares, Pv, Valovic, M, Van Eester, D, Van Renterghem, W, van Rooij, Gj, Varje, J, Vartanian, S, Vasava, K, Vasilopoulou, T, Vecsei, M, Vega, J, Ventre, S, Verdoolaege, G, Verona, C, Rinati, Gv, Veshchev, E, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Villari, S, Villone, F, Vincent, M, Vincenzi, P, Vinyar, I, Viola, B, Vitins, A, Vizvary, Z, Vlad, M, Voitsekhovitch, I, Voltolina, D, von Toussaint, U, Vondracek, P, Vuksic, M, Wakeling, B, Waldon, C, Walkden, N, Walker, R, Walker, M, Walsh, M, Wang, N, Wang, E, Warder, S, Warren, R, Waterhouse, J, Watts, C, Wauters, T, Webb, M, Weckmann, A, Weiland, J, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Weiszflog, M, Welch, P, West, A, Wheatley, M, Wheeler, S, Whitehead, Am, Whittaker, D, Widdowson, Am, Wiesen, S, Wilkie, G, Williams, J, Willoughby, D, Wilson, J, Wilson, I, Wilson, Hr, Wischmeier, M, Withycombe, A, Witts, D, Wolfrum, E, Wood, R, Woodley, R, Woodley, C, Wray, S, Wright, Jc, Wright, P, Wukitch, S, Wynn, A, Xiang, L, Xu, T, Xue, Y, Yadikin, D, Yakovenko, Y, Yanling, W, Yavorskij, V, Young, I, Young, R, Young, D, Zacks, J, Zagorski, R, Zaitsev, F, Zakharov, L, Zanino, R, Zarins, A, Zarins, R, Fernandez, Dz, Zastrow, Kd, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zilli, E, Zocco, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zwingmann, W, Zychor, I, and JET Contributors
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fusion, Jet (fluid), Maximum power principle, Nuclear engineering, Context (language use), Plasma, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, ICRH, Charged particle, 010305 fluids & plasmas, JET, transport, TRANSPORT, Physics::Plasma Physics, Beta (plasma physics), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Predictability of burning plasmas is a key issue for designing and building credible future fusion devices. In this context, an important effort of physics understanding and guidance is being carried out in parallel to the on-going JET experimental campaigns in H, D and T by performing analyses and modelling towards an improvement of the understanding of DT physics for the optimization of the JET-DT neutron yield and fusion born alpha particle physics. Extrapolations to JET-DT from recent experiments using the maximum power available have been performed including some of the most sophisticated codes and a broad selection of models. There is a general agreement that 11-15MW of fusion power can be expected in DT for the hybrid and baseline scenarios. On the other hand, in high beta, torque and fast ion fraction conditions, isotope effects could be favourable leading to higher fusion yield. It is shown that alpha particles related physics, such as TAE destabilization or fusion power electron heating, could be studied in ITER relevant JET-DT plasmas.
Published: 2019
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4. Air quality in the operating room: Surgical site infections, HVAC systems and discipline – position paper of the German Society of Hospital Hygiene (DGKH)

Author: Popp, W, Alefelder, C, Bauer, S, Daeschlein, G, Geistberger, P, Gleich, S, Herr, C, Hübner, NO, Jatzwauk, L, Kohnen, W, Külpmann, R, Lemm, F, Loczenski, B, Spors, J, Walger, P, Wehrl, M, Zastrow, KD, and Exner, M
Subjects: Disziplin, ventilation, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Operationssaal, lcsh:R, lcsh:QR1-502, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:RA1-1270, 030501 epidemiology, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine, surgical site infection, Belüftung, laf, Article, discipline, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, ddc: 610, operating room, laminar airflow, postoperative Wundinfektionen, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0305 other medical science
Abstract: In recent years, there has been an ongoing discussion about the value of laminar airflow (LAF=low turbulence displacement ventilation) in the operating room for prevention of surgical site infections (SSI). Some publications, e.g., from the WHO, issued the demand to no longer build LAF ceilings in operating rooms. The present statement deals critically with this position and justifies the use of LAF ceilings in different ways: Many of the papers cited by the WHO and others for the case against LAF do not provide reliable data. The remaining studies which might be used for answering the question give quite different results, also in favor of LAF. The size of the LAF ceiling in many studies is not given or mostly too small in comparison to actual technical requirements. LAF in different countries can mean quite different techniques (e.g., the US in comparison to Germany) so that the results of studies that do not take this into account may not be comparable. LAF has positive effects in terms of reducing particulate and bacterial load, associated with increased airflow in the surgical working area. A reduction of carcinogenic substances in the air may also be assumed, which would increase workers’ safety. Thus, this paper recommends building LAF ceilings in the future as well, depending on the operations intended. Further, this paper gives an overview of possible reasons for surgical site infections and highlights the importance of discipline in the operating theatre., In den letzten Jahren wird fortwährend über den infektionspräventiven Wert von laminar airflow (LAF=Turbulenz-arme Verdrängungsströmung) im Operationssaal diskutiert. Einige Publikationen, z.B. von der WHO, fordern, keine LAF-Decken in Operationssälen mehr einzubauen. Die Stellungnahme setzt sich kritisch mit dieser Position auseinander und begründet den Einsatz von LAF-Decken auf unterschiedliche Weise: Viele der zitierten Artikel zu LAF sind bezüglich der Datenqualität nicht verlässlich. Die verbleibenden Studien, die zur Beantwortung der Frage herangezogen werden können, ergeben für LAF unterschiedliche Ergebnisse. Die Größe der LAF-Decken ist in vielen Studien nicht angegeben bzw. im Vergleich zu den tatsächlichen technischen Anforderungen meist zu klein. LAF kann in verschiedenen Ländern sehr unterschiedliche Techniken beinhalten (z.B. USA im Vergleich zu Deutschland), so dass die Ergebnisse von Studien, die das nicht erfassen, nicht vergleichbar sind. LAF hat positive Auswirkungen hinsichtlich der Reduktion von Partikeln und Mikroorganismen in der Luft im Bereich des OP-Felds, verbunden mit einem erhöhten Luftvolumenstrom. Daraus kann zugleich eine Reduktion kanzerogenen Substanzen in der Luft abgeleitet werden und damit ein besserer Arbeitsschutz. In der Konsequenz wird empfohlen, in Abhängigkeit von den beabsichtigten Operationen auch in Zukunft LAF-Decken zu bauen. Der Artikel gibt zugleich einen Überblick darüber, welche Ursachen für postoperative Wundinfektionen in Frage kommen und weist auf die Bedeutung der Disziplin im OP hin., GMS Hygiene and Infection Control; 14:Doc20
Published: 2019

5. Hygiene guideline for the planning, installation, and operation of ventilation and air-conditioning systems in health-care settings - Guideline of the German Society for Hospital Hygiene (DGKH)

Author: Külpmann, R, Christiansen, B, Kramer, A, Lüderitz, P, Pitten, FA, Wille, F, Zastrow, KD, Lemm, F, Sommer, R, Halabi, M, Külpmann, R, Christiansen, B, Kramer, A, Lüderitz, P, Pitten, FA, Wille, F, Zastrow, KD, Lemm, F, Sommer, R, and Halabi, M
Abstract: Since the publication of the first "Hospital Hygiene Guideline for the implementation and operation of air conditioning systems (HVAC systems) in hospitals" (http://www.krankenhaushygiene.de/informationen/fachinformationen/leitlinien/12) in 2002, it was necessary due to the increase in knowledge, new regulations, improved air-conditioning systems and advanced test methods to revise the guideline. Based on the description of the basic features of ventilation concepts, its hygienic test and the usage-based requirements for ventilation, the DGKH section "Ventilation and air conditioning technology" attempts to provide answers for the major air quality issues in the planning, design and the hygienically safe operation of HVAC systems in rooms of health care., Seit der Herausgabe der ersten "Krankenhaushygienischen Leitlinie für die Ausführung und den Betrieb von Raumlufttechnischen Anlagen (RLT-Anlagen) in Krankenhäusern" (http://www.krankenhaushygiene.de/informationen/fachinformationen/leitlinien/12) im Jahr 2002 war es auf Grund des Wissenszuwachses, neuer Regelwerke, verbesserter Raumlufttechnischer Anlagen und weiterentwickelter Prüfverfahren erforderlich, die Leitlinie zu überarbeiten. Basierend auf der Beschreibung der Grundmerkmale von Lüftungskonzepten, ihrer hygienischen Prüfung und den nutzungsabhängigen Anforderungen an die Raumlüftung hat die DGKH-Sektion "Klima und Raumlufttechnik" versucht, Antworten für die wesentlichen lufthygienischen Fragen bei der Planung, Auslegung und dem hygienisch sicheren Betrieb von RLT-Anlagen in Räumen des Gesundheitswesens zu geben.
Published: 2016

6. Commissioning of the ITER-like ICRF antenna for JET

Author: Author(s): Durodie, F 1, Nightingale, M 2, Argouarch, A 3, Berger-By, G 3, Blackman, T 2, Caughman, J 4, Cocilovo, V 5, Dumortier, P 1, Edwards, P 2, Fanthome, J 2, Frigione, D 5, Goulding, R 4, Graham, M 2, Hobrik, J 6, Huygen, S 1, Jachmich, S 1, Jacquet, P 2, Kaye, A 2, Lamalle, PU 7, Lerche, E 1, Loarer, T 3, Mayoral, ML 2, Messiaen, A 1, Monakhov, I 2, Nave, MFF 8, Nicholls, K 2, Ongena, J 1, Rimini, F 3, Van Eester, D 1, Vervier, M 1, Vrancken, M 1, Sozzi, C 5, Stork, D 2, Tsalas, M 9, Walden, A 2, Whitehurst, A 2, Zastrow, KD 2, and JET EFDA contributors
Subjects: Physics, Jet (fluid), Tokamak, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Cyclotron, Plasma, Fusion power, law.invention, Nuclear physics, ICRH, JET, ITER, ILA, Capacitor, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, General Materials Science, Antenna (radio), business, Electrical impedance, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The new JET ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) ITER-like antenna (ILA), which was assembled during 2006, was commissioned on the JET RF testbed prior to installation on the JET torus. The 4 resonant double loops (RDL) of the ILA were tested at high power at 42 MHz up to 42 kV for 5 s in 10 min intervals. Low power matching studies using a saltwater load placed in front of the ILA have allowed testing and optimizing proposed matching algorithms on single RDLs, paired RDLs and finally on the full array. The upper limit of the frequency range of the ILA appears to be limited to 47-49 MHz due to the effect on the electrical lengths of the connection between the capacitors and the conjugate T point. Capacitor position scans have allowed obtaining the necessary data to confirm the RF model of the RDL which is necessary for the scattering matrix arc detection. The latter is deemed necessary in order to detect arcs at the low impedance conjugate T of the circuit. The antenna was installed onto JET during August 2007 and commissioning on plasma started May 2008. At present the commissioning of the ILA on JET is ongoing in a series of dedicated experimental campaigns. (C) 2009 EURATOM. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2009
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7. Preparation of medical products in the doctor's office

Author: Zastrow, KD and Sernau, HJ
Subjects: Aufbereitung von Medizinprodukten, Qualitätssicherung, ddc: 610, Sachkundelehrgang, Patienten- und Personalschutz
Abstract: Since the end of the last century, the preparation of medical products which must be applied in a germ-poor or sterile state has been increasingly done by specially trained staff at the hospital. The certification program (specialist training) enables personnel who often have no prior medical training to safely perform quality work both in terms of the patient and the employee's on-the-job safety. With the rapid development of out-patient operative care, the lack of adequately trained specialists in this area of sterile materials supply became obvious. The certification program, offered since 2003, closes this gap by focussing on the specific situation of doctor's offices and private-practice clinics, thus equalizing the discrepancies to the hospital situation. The implementation of the certification program in the quality-control system of private practices helps to reduce to an unavoidable minimum the potential risks to patients and staff posed by hygiene deficiencies. Die Aufbereitung von Medizinprodukten, die bestimmungsgemäß keimarm oder steril zur Anwendung kommen, wird seit Ende des vorigen Jahrhunderts im Krankenhaus zunehmend von speziell geschultem Personal durchgeführt. Die anerkannte Schulung (Fachkundeausbildung) befähigt die oft nicht medizinisch vorgebildeten Mitarbeiter/innen zu qualitätsgerechtem Handeln sowohl im Hinblick auf den Patienten als auch im Hinblick auf die eigene Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz.Im Zusammenhang mit der rasanten Entwicklung der ambulanten operativen Versorgung fiel auf, dass für diesen Bereich der Sterilgutversorgung kein adäquat anerkannt sachkundiges Personal zur Verfügung steht. Der seit 2003 angebotene Sachkundelehrgang schließt diese Lücke, indem er auf die spezifische Situation der Praxen/Praxiskliniken eingeht und so die Divergenzen zum Krankenhausbetrieb ausgleicht. Die Implementierung des Sachkundekurses in das Qualitäts-sicherungssystem des niedergelassenen Arztes hilft mit, das Gefahrenpotential durch Hygienemängel auf das für den Patienten und das Personal unvermeidbare Restrisiko zu vermindern.
Published: 2006

8. Calibration of the charge exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic for core poloidal rotation velocity measurements on JET

Author: Crombé, Kristel, ANDREW, Y, GIROUD, C, HAWKES, NC, MURARI, A, VALISA, M, Van Oost, Guido, and ZASTROW, KD
Subjects: Technology and Engineering
Published: 2004

9. Sachkunde zur Aufbereitung von Medizinprodukten in der ärztlichen Praxis

Author: Zastrow, KD, Sernau, HJ, Zastrow, KD, and Sernau, HJ
Abstract: Since the end of the last century, the preparation of medical products which must be applied in a germ-poor or sterile state has been increasingly done by specially trained staff at the hospital. The certification program (specialist training) enables personnel who often have no prior medical training to safely perform quality work both in terms of the patient and the employee's on-the-job safety. With the rapid development of out-patient operative care, the lack of adequately trained specialists in this area of sterile materials supply became obvious. The certification program, offered since 2003, closes this gap by focussing on the specific situation of doctor's offices and private-practice clinics, thus equalizing the discrepancies to the hospital situation. The implementation of the certification program in the quality-control system of private practices helps to reduce to an unavoidable minimum the potential risks to patients and staff posed by hygiene deficiencies., Die Aufbereitung von Medizinprodukten, die bestimmungsgemäß keimarm oder steril zur Anwendung kommen, wird seit Ende des vorigen Jahrhunderts im Krankenhaus zunehmend von speziell geschultem Personal durchgeführt. Die anerkannte Schulung (Fachkundeausbildung) befähigt die oft nicht medizinisch vorgebildeten Mitarbeiter/innen zu qualitätsgerechtem Handeln sowohl im Hinblick auf den Patienten als auch im Hinblick auf die eigene Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz.Im Zusammenhang mit der rasanten Entwicklung der ambulanten operativen Versorgung fiel auf, dass für diesen Bereich der Sterilgutversorgung kein adäquat anerkannt sachkundiges Personal zur Verfügung steht. Der seit 2003 angebotene Sachkundelehrgang schließt diese Lücke, indem er auf die spezifische Situation der Praxen/Praxiskliniken eingeht und so die Divergenzen zum Krankenhausbetrieb ausgleicht. Die Implementierung des Sachkundekurses in das Qualitäts-sicherungssystem des niedergelassenen Arztes hilft mit, das Gefahrenpotential durch Hygienemängel auf das für den Patienten und das Personal unvermeidbare Restrisiko zu vermindern.
Published: 2006

10. ICRF results in D-T plasmas in JET and TFTR and implications for ITER

Author: Adams, JM, Ageladarakis, P, Alper, B, Altmann, H, Amasov, V, Arshad, S, Andrew, P, Andrew, Y, Bailey, D, Bainbridge, N, Balet, B, Baranov, Y, Barker, P, Barnsley, R, Baronian, M, Bartlett, DV, Bell, AC, Bertalot, L, Bertolini, E, Bhatnagar, V, Bickley, AJ, Bindslev, H, Blackler, K, Bond, D, Bonicelli, T, Borba, D, Brandon, M, Breger, P, Brelen, H, Brennan, P, Brewerton, WJ, Browne, ML, Budd, T, Budny, R, Burt, A, Businaro, T, Buzio, M, Caldwell-Nicholls, C, Campling, D, Card, P, Challis, CD, Chankin, AV, Chiron, D, Christiansen, J, Chuilon, P, Ciric, D, Claesen, R, Clarke, HE, Clement, S, Coad, JP, Coffey, I, Conroy, S, Conway, G, Cooper, S, Cordey, JG, Corrigan, G, Cottrell, G, Cox, M, Cox, SJ, Cusack, R, Davies, N, Davies, SJ, Davis, JJ, de Benedetti, M, de Esch, H, de Haas, J, Deksnis, E, Deliyanakis, N, Dines, A, Dmitrenko, SL, Dobbing, J, Dolgetta, N, Dorling, SE, Doyle, PG, Duquenoy, H, Edwards, AM, Edwards, AW, Egedal, J, Ehrenberg, J, Ekedahl, A, Elevant, T, Ellis, J, Endler, M, Erents, SK, Ericsson, G, Esposito, B, Eriksson, LG, Falter, H, Farthing, JW, Fichtmuller, M, Fishpool, G, Fullard, K, Gadeberg, M, Galbiati, L, Gibson, A, Gill, RD, Godden, D, Gondhalekar, A, Goodall, D, Gormezano, C, Gowers, C, Groth, M, Guenther, K, Guo, H, Haigh, A, Haist, B, Hancock, CJ, Harbour, PJ, Hawkes, NC, Hawkes, NP, Hemmerich, JL, Hender, T, Hoekzema, J, Horton, L, Howman, A, Huart, M, Hughes, TP, Hurd, F, Huysmans, G, Ingesson, C, Ingram, B, Irving, M, Jacquinot, J, Jaeckel, H, Jaeger, JF, Jarvis, ON, Johnson, M, Jones, EM, Jones, TTC, Junger, JF, Junique, F, Jupen, C, Kallne, J, Kaye, A, Keen, BE, Keilhacker, M, Kerner, W, Kidd, NG, Knipe, S, Konig, R, Korotkov, A, Krasilnikov, A, Krom, JG, Kupschus, P, Lasser, R, Last, JR, Lauro-Taroni, L, Lawson, K, Lennholm, M, Lingertat, J, Litaudon, X, Loarer, T, Lomas, PJ, Loughlin, M, Lowry, C, Maas, AC, Macklin, B, Maggi, CF, Mantsinen, M, Marchese, V, Marcus, F, Mart, J, Martin, D, Matthews, G, McBryan, H, McCracken, G, McCullen, PA, Meigs, A, Middleton, R, Miele, P, Milani, F, Mills, J, Mohanti, R, Monk, R, Morgan, P, Murphy, G, Nave, F, Newbert, G, Nielsen, P, Noll, P, Obert, W, O'Brien, D, O'Mullane, M, Oord, E, Ostrom, R, Papastergiou, S, Parail, VV, Parkinson, R, Parsons, W, Patel, B, Paynter, A, Perevezentsev, A, Peacock, A, Pearce, RJH, Pick, MA, Plancoulaine, J, Pogutse, O, Prentice, R, Puppin, S, Radford, G, Reichle, R, Riccardo, V, Rimini, F, Rochard, F, Rolfe, A, Roquemore, AL, Ross, RT, Rossi, A, Sadler, G, Saibene, G, Santaguistina, A, Sartori, R, Saunders, R, Schild, P, Schmid, M, Schmidt, V, Schokker, B, Schunke, B, Scott, SM, Sharapov, S, Sibley, A, Simon, M, Simonini, R, Sips, ACC, Smeulders, P, Smith, P, Smith, R, Soldner, F, Spence, J, Springman, E, Stagg, R, Stamp, M, Stangeby, P, Start, DF, Stork, D, Stott, PE, Strachan, JD, Stubberfield, P, Summers, D, Svensson, L, Svensson, P, Tabasso, A, Tabellini, M, Tait, J, Tanga, A, Taroni, A, Terella, C, Thomas, PR, Thomsen, K, Traneus, E, Tubbing, B, Twyman, P, Vadgama, A, van Belle, P, Vlases, GC, von Hellermann, M, Wade, T, Walton, R, Ward, D, Watkins, ML, Watkins, N, Watson, MJ, Wheatley, M, Wilson, D, Winkel, T, Young, D, Young, ID, Yu, Q, Zastrow, KD, Zwingmann, W, McGuire, KM, Barnes, CW, Batha, SH, Beer, MA, Bell, MG, Bell, RE, Belov, A, Berk, HL, Bernabei, S, Bitter, M, Breizman, BN, Bretz, NL, Budny, RV, Bush, CE, Callen, JD, Cauffman, S, Chang, CS, Chang, Z, Cheng, CZ, Cottell, GA, Darrow, DS, Dendy, RO, Dorland, W, Duong, H, Efthimion, PC, Ernst, D, Evenson, H, Fisch, NJ, Fisher, R, Fonck, RJ, Forest, CB, Fredrickson, ED, Fu, GY, Furth, HP, Goloborod'ko, VY, Gorelenkov, NN, Grek, B, Grisham, LR, Hammett, GW, Hanson, GR, Hawryluk, RJ, Heidbrink, WW, Herrmann, HW, Herrmann, M, Hill, KW, Hogan, J, Hooper, B, Hosea, JC, Houlberg, WA, Hughes, M, Hulse, RA, Jassby, DL, Jobes, FC, Johnson, DW, Kaita, R, Kaye, SM, Kesner, J, Kim, JS, Kissick, M, Krasilnikov, AV, Kugel, HW, Kumar, A, Lam, NT, LaMarche, P, LeBlanc, B, Levinton, FM, Ludescher, C, Machuzak, J, Majeski, R, Manickam, J, Mansfield, DK, Mauel, ME, Mazzucato, E, McChesney, J, McCune, DC, McKee, G, Meade, DM, Medley, SS, Mika, R, Mikkelsen, DR, Mirnov, SV, Mueller, D, Nagayama, Y, Navratil, GA, Nazikian, R, Okabayashi, M, Owens, DK, Park, HK, Park, W, Parks, P, Paul, SF, Petrov, MP, Phillips, CK, Phillips, M, Phillips, P, Ramsey, AT, Redi, MH, Rewoldt, G, Reznik, S, Rogers, JH, Ruskov, E, Sabbagh, SA, Sasao, M, Schilling, G, Schivell, J, Schmidt, GL, Scott, SD, Senenov, IB, Senko, T, Sesnic, S, Skinner, CH, Stevenson, T, Stodiek, W, Strait, EJ, Stratton, BC, Synakowski, EJ, Takahashi, H, Tang, WM, Taylor, G, Terry, JL, Thompson, ME, Von Goeler, S, Von Halle, A, Walters, RT, Wang, S, White, RB, Wieland, RM, Williams, M, Wilson, JR, Wong, KL, Wurden, GA, Yamada, M, Yavorski, V, Young, KM, Zakharov, LE, Zarnstorff, MC, Zweben, SJ, Team, JET, and Team, TFTR

11. Adaptive learning for disruption prediction in non-stationary conditions

Author: Murari, A., Lungaroni, M., Gelfusa, M., Peluso, E., Vega, J., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afanasev, V, Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Alarcon, T., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V, Sunden, E. Andersson, Andrews, R., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arshad, S., Artaud, J., Arter, W., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O., Asztalos, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Balboa, I, Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, T., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V, Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Benayas, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besiliu, C., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V, Boboc, A., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Boncagni, L., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Boom, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H., Bradnam, S. C., Braic, V, Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Brennan, D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, B., Brunetti, D., Bruno, E., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckingham, R., Buckley, M., Bucolo, M., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Buller, S., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Burroughes, G., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., Butler, B., Bykov, I, Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Callaghan, D., Callaghan, J., Calvo, I, Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cannas, B., Capat, A., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P., Carvalho, D. D., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Challis, C. D., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, B., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chitarin, G., Chmielewski, P., Chone, L., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, M., Clark, E., Clarkson, R., Clay, R., Clements, C., Coad, J. P., Coates, P., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I, Colas, L., Colling, B., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curson, P., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Czarski, T., Cziegler, I, Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., David, P., Davies, A., Davis, W., Dawson, K., Day, I, Day, C., De Bock, M., de Castro, A., De Dominici, G., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Masi, G., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Demerdzhiev, V, Dempsey, A., den Harder, N., Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickinson, D., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Domptail, F., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Drenik, A., Dreval, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph, Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I, Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Edappala, P., V, Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J. S., Eich, Th, Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., Ellis, R., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Emery, S., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, L. G., Ertmer, S., Esquembri, S., Esquisabel, A. L., Esser, H. G., Ewart, G., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Farahani, A., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fazinic, S., Felici, F., Felton, R. C., Feng, S., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Ferreira, D. R., Ferro, G., Fessey, J. A., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figini, L., Figueiredo, J., Figueiredo, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Flinders, K., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fransson, E., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V, Fusco, V, Futatani, S., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., Geiger, B., George, R., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, K., Giegerich, T., Gil, L., Gilbert, M. R., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Gloeggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod'Ko, V, Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Goerler, T., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Graham, B., Graves, J. P., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griffiths, J., Griph, S., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grove, R., Gruca, M., Guard, D., Guerard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gulati, S., Gurl, C., Gutierrez-Milla, A., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S., Hallworth-Cook, S., Ham, C., Hamed, M., Hamilton, N., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Hancu, G., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P., Heinola, K., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Hender, T. C., Henderson, S. S., Henderson, M., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hidalgo, C., Higginson, W., Highcock, E. G., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Ho, A., Hobirk, J., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Hoelzl, M., Honore, J-J, Hook, M., Hopley, D., Horacek, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Howell, R., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V, Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Hughes, J., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Igaune, I., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jackson, A., Jackson, T., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I, Jepu, I, Johnson, T., Johnson, R., Johnston, J., Joita, L., Joly, J., Jonasson, E., Jones, T., Jones, C., Jones, L., Jones, G., Jones, N., Juvonen, M., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kalsey, M., Kaltiaisenaho, T., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D. L., Keenan, F. P., Kempenaars, M., Kent, O., Kent, J., Keogh, K., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H-T, Kim, H. T., King, R., King, D., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V, Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klas, M., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, M., Knight, P., Knipe, S., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Kochl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I, Koechl, F., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kolesnichenko, Y., Kollo, Z., Kominis, Y., Koeppen, M., Korolczuk, S., Kos, B., Koslowski, H. R., Kotschenreuther, M., Koubiti, M., Kovaldins, R., Kovanda, O., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V, Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I, Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lalousis, P., Lam, N., Lamb, C., Lambertz, H. T., Lang, P. T., Lanthaler, S., Neto, E. Lascas, Laszynska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Leach, R., Learoyd, G., Leerink, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichauer, P., Leichtle, D., Leipold, F., Lengar, I, Lennholm, M., Lepiavko, B., Leppanen, J., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lescinskis, B., Lesnoj, S., Leyland, M., Leysen, W., Li, Y., Li, L., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch, Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Liu, G., Lloyd, B., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., Lonnroth, J., Lopez, J. M., Lorenzini, R., Losada, U., Loughlin, M., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Lungu, C. P., Lungu, M., Lunniss, A., Lunt, T., Lupelli, I, Lutsenko, V, Lyssoivan, A., Macheta, P., Macusova, E., Magesh, B., Maggi, C., Maggiora, R., Mahesan, S., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Maingi, R., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Malinowski, K., Malizia, A., Manas, P., Manduchi, G., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph, Marandet, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marconato, N., Mariani, A., Marin, M., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marsh, J., Martin, A., Martin de Aguilera, A., Martin-Solis, J. R., Martone, R., Martynova, Y., Maruyama, S., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Matveev, D., Matveeva, E., Mauriya, A., Maviglia, F., May-Smith, T., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcclements, K. G., Mccormack, O., Mccullen, P. A., Mcdonald, D., Mchardy, M., Mckean, R., Mckehon, J., Mcnamee, L., Meadowcroft, C., Meakins, A., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meiter, S., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merle, A., Merriman, P., Mertens, Ph, Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Michling, R., Milanesio, D., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Milocco, A., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miron, I, Mistry, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Moiseenko, V, Monaghan, P., Monakhov, I, Moon, S., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Morales, J., Moran, J., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moro, F., Morris, J., Moser, L., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Mrowetz, T., Muir, A., Muraglia, M., Muraro, A., Murphy, S., Muscat, P., Muthusonai, N., Myers, C., Asakura, N. N., N'Konga, B., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Naish, J., Nakano, T., Napoli, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V, Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelskiy, I, Nemtsev, G., Nesenevich, V, Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Newman, M., Ng, S., Nicassio, M., Nielsen, A. H., Nina, D., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nobs, C. R., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Normanton, R., Noterdaeme, J. M., Nowak, S., Nunes, I, O'Gorman, T., O'Mullane, M., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., Okabayashi, M., Oliver, H., Olney, R., Omoregie, L., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Osborne, T., Otin, R., Owen, A., Owen, T., Paccagnella, R., Packer, L. W., Pajuste, E., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Papp, G., Parail, V, Pardanaud, C., Diaz, F. Parra, Parsloe, A., Parsons, N., Parsons, M., Pasqualotto, R., Passeri, M., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Soldan, C. Paz, Peackoc, A., Pehkonen, S-P, Penot, C., Penzo, J., Pepperell, K., Pereira, R., Cippo, E. Perelli, von Thun, C. Perez, Pericoli, V, Peruzzo, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrzilka, V, Philipps, V, Pigatto, L., Pillon, M., Pinches, S., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., de Sa, W. Pires, dos Reis, A. Pires, Piron, L., Piron, C., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Plyusnin, V, Poli, F. M., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P., Popovichev, S., Poradzinski, M., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Poulipoulis, G., Powell, T., Prajapati, V, Prakash, R., Predebon, I, Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Primetzhofer, D., Prior, P., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Purahoo, K., Pusztai, I, Puetterich, Th, Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M., Raj, P., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, D., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rebai, M., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Cortes, S. D. A. Reyes, Reynolds, S., Ricci, D., Richiusa, M., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Rivero-Rodriguez, J., Roach, C., Robins, R., Robinson, S., Robson, D., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V, Romanelli, M., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Saez, X., Safi, E., Sahlberg, A., Saibene, G., Saleem, M., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schluck, F., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmuck, S., Schoepf, K., Schweinzer, J., Schworer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shiraki, D., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, J., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silvagni, D., Simmons, P., Simpson, J., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. 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Zilli, E, Zocco, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zwingmann, W, and Zychor, I
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Computer science, ensembles of classifiers, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, disruptions, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, obsolescence, Ensembles of classifiers, Stationary conditions, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, de-learning, Jet (fluid), business.industry, machine learning predictors, adaptive training, JET, Settore ING-IND/18 - Fisica dei Reattori Nucleari, machine learning predictor, Condensed Matter Physics, disruption, Obsolescence, Artificial intelligence, Adaptive learning, business, computer
Abstract: For many years, machine learning tools have proved to be very powerful disruption predictors in tokamaks. On the other hand, the vast majority of the techniques deployed assume that the input data is independent and is sampled from exactly the same probability distribution for the training set, the test set and the final real time deployment. This hypothesis is certainly not verified in practice, since the experimental programmes evolve quite rapidly, resulting typically in ageing of the predictors and consequent suboptimal performance. This paper describes various adaptive training strategies that have been tested to maintain the performance of disruption predictors in non- stationary conditions. The proposed approaches have been implemented using new ensembles of classifiers, explicitly developed for the present application. The improvements in performance are unquestionable and, given the difficulties encountered so far in translating predictors from one device to another, the proposed adaptive methods from scratch can therefore be considered a useful option in the arsenal of alternatives envisaged for the next generation of devices, particularly at the very beginning of their operation.
Published: 2019
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12. Role of fast ion pressure in the isotope effect in JET L-mode plasmas

Author: Bonanomi, N., Casiraghi, I, Mantica, P., Challis, C., Delabie, E., Fable, E., Gallart, D., Giroud, C., Lerche, E., Lomas, P., Menmuir, S., Staebler, G. M., Taylor, D., Van Eester, D., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afanasev, V, Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Alarcon, T., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V, Sunden, E. Andersson, Andrews, R., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arshad, S., Artaud, J., Arter, W., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O., Asztalos, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Balboa, I, Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, T., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V, Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Benayas, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besiliu, C., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V, Boboc, A., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T., Boncagni, L., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Boom, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H., Bradnam, S. 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Zanino, R, Zarins, A, Zarins, R, Fernandez, Dz, Zastrow, Kd, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zilli, E, Zocco, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zwingmann, W, Zychor, I, Department of Physics, and Materials Physics
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Hydrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, 114 Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, gyrokinetic, JET tokamak, Physics::Plasma Physics, equations, turbulent transport, fast ions, isotope effect, gyrokinetic simulations, 0103 physical sciences, Kinetic isotope effect, drift orbit width, fast ion, Physics::Atomic Physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Jet (fluid), Stable isotope ratio, turbulence, Plasma, gyrokinetic simulation, Condensed Matter Physics, chemistry, Deuterium, confinement, transport, Physics::Space Physics, simulations, Atomic physics, DRIFT ORBIT WIDTH, CONFINEMENT, SIMULATIONS, TURBULENCE, TRANSPORT, EQUATIONS, Ion cyclotron resonance
Abstract: This paper presents results of JET ITER-like wall L-mode experiments in hydrogen and deuterium (D) plasmas, dedicated to the study of the isotope dependence of ion heat transport by determination of the ion critical gradient and stiffness by varying the ion cyclotron resonance heating power deposition. When no strong role of fast ions in the plasma core is expected, the main difference between the two isotope plasmas is determined by the plasma edge and the core behavior is consistent with a gyro-Bohm scaling. When the heating power (and the fast ion pressure) is increased, in addition to the difference in the edge region, also the plasma core shows substantial changes. The stabilization of ion heat transport by fast ions, clearly visible in D plasmas, appears to be weaker in H plasmas, resulting in a higher ion heat flux in H with apparent anti-gyro-Bohm mass scaling. The difference is found to be caused by the different fast ion pressure between H and D plasmas, related to the heating power settings and to the different fast ion slowing down time, and is completely accounted for in non-linear gyrokinetic simulations. The application of the TGLF quasi-linear model to this set of data is also discussed.
Published: 2019
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13. Ion cyclotron resonance heating scenarios for DEMO

Author: Van Eester, D., Lerche, E., Ragona, R., Messiaen, A., Wauters, T., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afanasev, V, Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Alarcon, T., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V, Sunden, E. Andersson, Andrews, R., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arshad, S., Artaud, J., Arter, W., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O., Asztalos, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Balboa, I, Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, T., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V, Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Benayas, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besiliu, C., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V, Boboc, A., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Boncagni, L., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Boom, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H., Bradnam, S. 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Zastrow, Kd, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zilli, E, Zocco, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zwingmann, W, and Zychor, I
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, heating, Sawtooth wave, wave, discharges, 114 Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Dielectric heating, icrh, 010306 general physics, tokamak, mode conversion, iter, minority, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, plasmas, Computational physics, ICRH, ITER, current drive, Ion cyclotron resonance heating, sawtooth, oscillations, systems code
Abstract: The present paper offers an overview of the potential of ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) or radio frequency heating for the DEMO machine. It is found that various suitable heating schemes are available. Similar to ITER and in view of the limited bandwidth of about 10 MHz that can be achieved to ensure optimal functioning of the launcher, it is proposed to make core second harmonic tritium heating the key ion heating scheme, assisted by fundamental cyclotron heating He-3 in the early phase of the discharge; for the present design of DEMO-with a static magnetic field strength of B-o = 5.855 T-that places the T and 3He layers in the core for f = 60 MHz and suggests centering the bandwidth around that main operating frequency. In line with earlier studies for hot, dense plasmas in large-size magnetic confinement machines, it is shown that good single pass absorption is achieved but that the size as well as the operating density and temperature of the machine cause the electrons to absorb a non-negligible fraction of the power away from the core when core ion heating is aimed at. Current drive and alternative heating options are briefly discussed and a dedicated computation is done for the traveling wave antenna, proposed for DEMO in view of its compatibility with substantial antenna-plasma distances. The various tasks that ICRH can fulfill are briefly listed. Finally, the impact of transport and the sensitivity of the obtained results to changes in the machine parameters is commented on.
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14. A new mechanism for increasing density peaking in tokamaks: improvement of the inward particle pinch with edge E x B shearing

Author: Garcia, J., Doerk, H., Goerler, T., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afanasev, V, Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Alarcon, T., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V, Sunden, E. Andersson, Andrews, R., Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arshad, S., Artaud, J., Arter, W., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O., Asztalos, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M., Ayres, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Balboa, I, Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, T., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V, Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Benayas, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besiliu, C., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Birkenmeier, G., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V, Boboc, A., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Boncagni, L., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Boom, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H., Bradnam, S. 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D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zocco, A., Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S., Zwingmann, W., Zychor, I, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Jet Contributors, European Project: 633053,H2020,EURATOM-Adhoc-2014-20,EUROfusion(2014), Garcia, J, Doerk, H, Gorler, T, Abduallev, S, Abhangi, M, Abreu, P, Afanasev, V, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, Km, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Alarcon, T, Albanese, R, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Alkseev, A, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amosov, V, Sunden, Ea, Andrews, R, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Angioni, C, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Arena, P, Ariola, M, Arshad, S, Artaud, J, Arter, W, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O, Asztalos, O, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Baciero, A, Baiao, D, Balboa, I, Balden, M, 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F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Lepiavko, B, Leppanen, J, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lescinskis, B, Lesnoj, S, Leyland, M, Leysen, W, Li, Y, Li, L, Liang, Y, Likonen, J, Linke, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Litaudon, X, Liu, G, Lloyd, B, Lo Schiavo, Vp, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, Pj, Lonnroth, J, Lopez, Jm, Lorenzini, R, Losada, U, Loughlin, M, Lowry, C, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, Cp, Lungu, M, Lunniss, A, Lunt, T, Lupelli, I, Lutsenko, V, Lyssoivan, A, Macheta, P, Macusova, E, Magesh, B, Maggi, C, Maggiora, R, Mahesan, S, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Maingi, R, Makwana, R, Malaquias, A, Malinowski, K, Malizia, A, Manas, P, Manduchi, G, Manso, Me, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marandet, Y, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Marconato, N, Mariani, A, Marin, M, Marinelli, M, Marinucci, M, Markovic, T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marsh, J, Martin, A, de Aguilera, Am, Martin-Solis, Jr, Martone, R, Martynova, Y, Maruyama, S, Maslov, M, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, Gf, Matveev, D, Matveeva, E, Mauriya, A, Maviglia, F, May-Smith, T, Mayer, M, Mayoral, Ml, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, Pj, Mcclements, Kg, Mccormack, O, Mccullen, Pa, Mcdonald, D, Mchardy, M, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Mcnamee, L, Meadowcroft, C, Meakins, A, Medley, S, Meigh, S, Meigs, Ag, Meisl, G, Meiter, S, Meitner, S, Meneses, L, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merle, A, Merriman, P, Mertens, P, Meshchaninov, S, Messiaen, A, Meyer, H, Michling, R, Milanesio, D, Militello, F, Militello-Asp, E, Milocco, A, Miloshevsky, G, Mink, F, Minucci, S, Miron, I, Mistry, S, Miyoshi, Y, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Monaghan, P, Monakhov, I, Moon, S, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Morales, J, Moran, J, Mordijck, S, Moreira, L, Moro, F, Morris, J, Moser, L, Mosher, S, Moulton, D, Mrowetz, T, Muir, A, Muraglia, M, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Murphy, S, Muscat, P, Muthusonai, N, Myers, C, Asakura, Nn, N'Konga, B, Nabais, F, Naish, R, Naish, J, Nakano, T, Napoli, F, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, Mff, Nedzelskiy, I, Nemtsev, G, Nesenevich, V, Nespoli, F, Neto, A, Neu, R, Neverov, V, Newman, M, Ng, S, Nicassio, M, Nielsen, Ah, Nina, D, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nobs, Cr, Nocente, M, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Normanton, R, Noterdaeme, Jm, Nowak, S, Nunes, I, O'Gorman, T, O'Mullane, M, Oberkofler, M, Oberparleiter, M, Odupitan, T, Ogawa, Mt, Okabayashi, M, Oliver, H, Olney, R, Omoregie, L, Ongena, J, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Osborne, T, Otin, R, Owen, A, Owen, T, Paccagnella, R, Packer, Lw, Pajuste, E, Pamela, S, Panja, S, Papp, P, Papp, G, Parail, V, Pardanaud, C, Diaz, Fp, Parsloe, A, Parsons, N, Parsons, M, Pasqualotto, R, Passeri, M, Patel, A, Pathak, S, Patten, H, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Pavone, A, Pawelec, E, Soldan, Cp, Peackoc, A, Pehkonen, Sp, Peluso, E, Penot, C, Penzo, J, Pepperell, K, Pereira, R, Cippo, Ep, von Thun, Cp, Pericoli, V, Peruzzo, S, Peterka, M, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Petre, A, Petrzilka, V, Philipps, V, Pigatto, L, Pillon, M, Pinches, S, Pintsuk, G, Piovesan, P, de Sa, Wp, dos Reis, Ap, Piron, L, Piron, C, Pironti, A, Pisano, F, Pitts, R, Plyusnin, V, Poli, Fm, Pomaro, N, Pompilian, Og, Pool, P, Popovichev, S, Poradzinski, M, Porfiri, Mt, Porosnicu, C, Porton, M, Possnert, G, Potzel, S, Poulipoulis, G, Powell, T, Prajapati, V, Prakash, R, Predebon, I, Prestopino, G, Price, D, Price, M, Price, R, Primetzhofer, D, Prior, P, Pucella, G, Puglia, P, Puiatti, Me, Purahoo, K, Pusztai, I, Putterich, T, Rachlew, E, Rack, M, Ragona, R, Rainford, M, Raj, P, Rakha, A, Ramogida, G, Ranjan, S, Rapson, Cj, Rasmussen, D, Rasmussen, Jj, Rathod, K, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ravera, G, Rebai, M, Reed, A, Refy, D, Regana, J, Reich, M, Reid, N, Reimold, F, Reinhart, M, Reinke, M, Reiser, D, Rendell, D, Reux, C, Cortes, Sdar, Reynolds, S, Ricci, D, Richiusa, M, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, Fg, Risner, J, Riva, M, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Roach, C, Robins, R, Robinson, S, Robson, D, Rodionov, R, Rodrigues, P, Rodriguez, J, Rohde, V, Romanelli, M, Romanelli, F, Romanelli, S, Romazanov, J, Rowe, S, Rubel, M, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ruchko, L, Ruset, C, Rzadkiewicz, J, Saarelma, S, Sabot, R, Saez, X, Safi, E, Sahlberg, A, Saibene, G, Saleem, M, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Salmon, R, Salzedas, F, Samm, U, Sandiford, D, Santa, P, Santala, Mik, Santos, B, Santucci, A, Sartori, F, Sartori, R, Sauter, O, Scannell, R, Schluck, F, Schlummer, T, Schmid, K, Schmuck, S, Schopf, K, Schweinzer, J, Schworer, D, Scott, Sd, Sergienko, G, Sertoli, M, Shabbir, A, Sharapov, Se, Shaw, A, Sheikh, H, Shepherd, A, Shevelev, A, Shiraki, D, Shumack, A, Sias, G, Sibbald, M, Sieglin, B, Silburn, S, Silva, J, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silvagni, D, Simmons, P, Simpson, J, Sinha, A, Sipila, Sk, Sips, Acc, Siren, P, Sirinelli, A, Sjostrand, H, Skiba, M, Skilton, R, Skvara, V, Slade, B, Smith, R, Smith, P, Smith, Sf, Snoj, L, Soare, S, Solano, Er, Somers, A, Sommariva, C, Sonato, P, Sos, M, Sousa, J, Sozzi, C, Spagnolo, S, Sparapani, P, Spelzini, T, Spineanu, F, Sprada, D, Sridhar, S, Stables, G, Stallard, J, Stamatelatos, I, Stamp, Mf, Stan-Sion, C, Stancar, Z, Staniec, P, Stankunas, G, Stano, M, Stavrou, C, Stefanikova, E, Stepanov, I, Stephen, Av, Stephen, M, Stephens, J, Stevens, B, Stober, J, Stokes, C, Strachan, J, Strand, P, Strauss, Hr, Strom, P, Studholme, W, Subba, F, Suchkov, E, Summers, Hp, Sun, H, Sutton, N, Svensson, J, Sytnykov, D, Szabolics, T, Szepesi, G, Suzuki, Tt, Tabares, F, Tadic, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Taliercio, C, Tallargio, A, Tanaka, K, Tang, W, Tardocchi, M, Tatali, R, Taylor, D, Tegnered, D, Telesca, G, Teplova, N, Teplukhina, A, Terranova, D, Terry, C, Testa, D, Tholerus, E, Thomas, J, Thompson, Vk, Thornton, A, Tierens, W, Tiseanu, I, Tojo, H, Tokitani, M, Tolias, P, Tomes, M, Trimble, P, Tripsky, M, Tsalas, M, Tsavalas, P, Tskhakaya, D, Jun, Dt, Turner, I, Turner, Mm, Turnyanskiy, M, Tvalashvili, G, Tyshchenko, M, Uccello, A, Uljanovs, J, Urano, H, Urban, A, Urbanczyk, G, Uytdenhouwen, I, Vadgama, A, Valcarcel, D, Vale, R, Valentinuzzi, M, Valerii, K, Valisa, M, Olivares, Pv, Valovic, M, Van Eester, D, Van Renterghem, W, van Rooij, Gj, Varje, J, Vartanian, S, Vasava, K, Vasilopoulou, T, Vecsei, M, Vega, J, Ventre, S, Verdoolaege, G, Verona, C, Rinati, Gv, Veshchev, E, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Villari, S, Villone, F, Vincent, M, Vincenzi, P, Vinyar, I, Viola, B, Vitins, A, Vizvary, Z, Vlad, M, Voitsekhovitch, I, Voltolina, D, von Toussaint, U, Vondracek, P, Vuksic, M, Wakeling, B, Waldon, C, Walkden, N, Walker, R, Walker, M, Walsh, M, Wang, N, Wang, E, Warder, S, Warren, R, Waterhouse, J, Watts, C, Wauters, T, Webb, M, Weckmann, A, Weiland, J, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Weiszflog, M, Welch, P, West, A, Wheatley, M, Wheeler, S, Whitehead, Am, Whittaker, D, Widdowson, Am, Wiesen, S, Wilkie, G, Williams, J, Willoughby, D, Wilson, J, Wilson, I, Wilson, Hr, Wischmeier, M, Withycombe, A, Witts, D, Wolfrum, E, Wood, R, Woodley, R, Woodley, C, Wray, S, Wright, Jc, Wright, P, Wukitch, S, Wynn, A, Xiang, L, Xu, T, Xue, Y, Yadikin, D, Yakovenko, Y, Yanling, W, Yavorskij, V, Young, I, Young, R, Young, D, Zacks, J, Zagorski, R, Zaitsev, F, Zakharov, L, Zanino, R, Zarins, A, Zarins, R, Fernandez, Dz, Zastrow, Kd, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zilli, E, Zocco, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zwingmann, W, Zychor, I, and JET Contributors
Subjects: Tokamak, Plasma turbulence, Extrapolation, turbulence, transport, plasma, JET, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, jet, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, plasma, Physics, Shearing (physics), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Turbulence, Plasma, Mechanics, JET, Condensed Matter Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Pinch
Abstract: See also: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 61, 104002 (2019)Special Issue on the 2018 Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on the Theory of Fusion Plasmas; International audience; Developing successful tokamak operation scenarios, as well as confident extrapolation of present-day knowledge requires a rigorous understanding of plasma turbulence, which largely determines the quality of the confinement. In particular, accurate particle transport predictions are essential due to the strong dependence of fusion power or bootstrap current on the particle density details. Here, gyrokinetic turbulence simulations are performed with physics inputs taken from a JET power scan, for which a relatively weak degradation of energy confinement and a significant density peaking is obtained with increasing input power. This way physics parameters that lead to such increase in the density peaking shall be elucidated. While well-known candidates, such as the collisionality, previously found in other studies are also recovered in this study, it is furthermore found that edge $E×B$ shearing may adopt a crucial role by enhancing the inward pinch. These results may indicate that a plasma with rotational shear could develop a stronger density peaking as compared to a non-rotating one, because its inward convection is increased compared to the outward diffusive particle flux as long as this rotation has a significant on $E$X$B$ flow shear stabilisation. The possibly significant implications for future devices, which will exhibit much less torque compared to present day experiments, are discussed.
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15. The CXSFIT spectral fitting code: Past, present and future.

Author: Delabie E, O'Mullane MG, von Hellermann M, Whiteford A, Horton LD, Zastrow KD, Menmuir S, Litherland-Smith E, Meigs A, and Biewer TM
Abstract: Magnetically confined plasma experiments generate a wealth of spectroscopic data. The first step toward extracting physical parameters is to fit a spectral model to the often complex spectra. The CXSFIT (Charge eXchange Spectroscopy FITting) spectral fitting code was originally developed for fitting charge exchange spectra on JET from the late 1980s onward and has been further developed over decades to keep up with the needs of the users. The primary use is to efficiently fit a large number of spectra with many constrained Gaussian spectral lines of which the physical parameters can be coupled in a user-friendly manner. More recent additions to the code include time-dependent couplings between parameters, flexible background subtraction, and a non-linear coupling scheme between fit parameters. The latter was a pre-requisite for implementing Zeeman and motional Stark effect multiplets in the library of spectral features. The ability to save and replay "fit recipes," even when multiple iterations are required, has ensured the traceability of the results and is one of the keys to the longevity and success of the code. The code is also in use on other tokamaks (AUG, ST-40) and to fit data from other spectroscopic diagnostics on JET. In this paper, we document the current capabilities and philosophy behind the structure of the code, including some of the algorithms used to calculate spectral features numerically efficiently. We also provide an outline of how CXSFIT could be transferred into a framework that would be able to meet the spectral fitting requirements of future devices, such as ITER., (© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)
Published: 2024
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16. Upgrades to the in-vessel calibration light source on JET.

Author: Conway NJ, Cackett AJ, Maggi CF, Meigs AG, Zastrow KD, Biewer TM, and Hillis DL
Abstract: Since 2010, an in-vessel calibration light source (ICLS) has been used periodically on JET to calibrate a range of diagnostics at UV, visible, and IR wavelengths. During shutdowns, the ICLS (which is essentially an integrating sphere) is positioned within the vacuum vessel by the remote handling (RH) system. Following the 2013 calibration runs, several changes were made to improve the efficiency and quality of the calibrations. Among these was the replacement of a 20 m "umbilical" cable which carried power and other electrical signals through a vessel port to/from a control cubicle. A lightweight 2 m cable now plugs directly into a single connector on the RH manipulator system, greatly reducing the time required for deployment and improving operational flexibility; e.g., the vessel access "floor" no longer needs to be installed. This change also means the system would be compatible with calibrations after a high neutron-fluence period of operation. An on-board micro-spectrometer now allows for real-time verification of the emitted spectrum. Finally, new "baffles" were designed and installed within the integrating sphere itself, greatly improving the spectral radiance uniformity at non-normal viewing angles (necessary due to orientation uncertainties with the RH system).
Published: 2018
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17. In-vessel calibration of the imaging diagnostics for the real-time protection of the JET ITER-like wall.

Author: Huber V, Huber A, Kinna D, Balboa I, Collins S, Conway N, Drewelow P, Maggi CF, Matthews GF, Meigs AG, Mertens P, Price M, Sergienko G, Silburn S, Wynn A, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: The in situ absolute calibration of the JET real-time protection imaging system has been performed for the first time by means of radiometric light source placed inside the JET vessel and operated by remote handling. High accuracy of the calibration is confirmed by cross-validation of the near infrared (NIR) cameras against each other, with thermal IR cameras, and with the beryllium evaporator, which lead to successful protection of the JET first wall during the last campaign. The operation temperature ranges of NIR protection cameras for the materials used on JET are Be 650-1600 °C, W coating 600-1320 °C, and W 650-1500 °C.
Published: 2016
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18. Publisher's Note: "In-vessel calibration of the imaging diagnostics for the real-time protection of the JET ITER-like wall" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 11D430 (2016)].

Author: Huber V, Huber A, Kinna D, Balboa I, Collins S, Conway N, Drewelow P, Maggi CF, Matthews GF, Meigs AG, Mertens P, Price M, Sergienko G, Silburn S, Wynn A, and Zastrow KD
Published: 2016
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19. Recent developments of in-vessel calibration of mid-IR cameras at JET.

Author: Balboa I, Silburn S, Drewelow P, Huber V, Huber A, Kinna D, Price M, Matthews GF, Collins S, Fessey J, Rack M, Trimble P, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: Recent improvements in software tools and methodology have allowed us to perform a more comprehensive in-vessel calibration for all mid-infrared camera systems at JET. A comparison of experimental methods to calculate the non-uniformity correction is described as well as the linearity for the different camera systems. Measurements of the temperature are assessed for the different diagnostics.
Published: 2016
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20. Hygiene guideline for the planning, installation, and operation of ventilation and air-conditioning systems in health-care settings - Guideline of the German Society for Hospital Hygiene (DGKH).

Author: Külpmann R, Christiansen B, Kramer A, Lüderitz P, Pitten FA, Wille F, Zastrow KD, Lemm F, Sommer R, and Halabi M
Abstract: Since the publication of the first "Hospital Hygiene Guideline for the implementation and operation of air conditioning systems (HVAC systems) in hospitals" (http://www.krankenhaushygiene.de/informationen/fachinformationen/leitlinien/12) in 2002, it was necessary due to the increase in knowledge, new regulations, improved air-conditioning systems and advanced test methods to revise the guideline. Based on the description of the basic features of ventilation concepts, its hygienic test and the usage-based requirements for ventilation, the DGKH section "Ventilation and air conditioning technology" attempts to provide answers for the major air quality issues in the planning, design and the hygienically safe operation of HVAC systems in rooms of health care.
Published: 2016
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21. X-ray crystal spectrometer upgrade for ITER-like wall experiments at JET.

Author: Shumack AE, Rzadkiewicz J, Chernyshova M, Jakubowska K, Scholz M, Byszuk A, Cieszewski R, Czarski T, Dominik W, Karpinski L, Kasprowicz G, Pozniak K, Wojenski A, Zabolotny W, Conway NJ, Dalley S, Figueiredo J, Nakano T, Tyrrell S, Zastrow KD, and Zoita V
Abstract: The high resolution X-Ray crystal spectrometer at the JET tokamak has been upgraded with the main goal of measuring the tungsten impurity concentration. This is important for understanding impurity accumulation in the plasma after installation of the JET ITER-like wall (main chamber: Be, divertor: W). This contribution provides details of the upgraded spectrometer with a focus on the aspects important for spectral analysis and plasma parameter calculation. In particular, we describe the determination of the spectrometer sensitivity: important for impurity concentration determination.
Published: 2014
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22. Enhanced visible and near-infrared capabilities of the JET mirror-linked divertor spectroscopy system.

Author: Lomanowski BA, Meigs AG, Conway NJ, Zastrow KD, Sharples RM, Heesterman P, and Kinna D
Abstract: The mirror-linked divertor spectroscopy diagnostic on JET has been upgraded with a new visible and near-infrared grating and filtered spectroscopy system. New capabilities include extended near-infrared coverage up to 1875 nm, capturing the hydrogen Paschen series, as well as a 2 kHz frame rate filtered imaging camera system for fast measurements of impurity (Be II) and deuterium Dα, Dβ, Dγ line emission in the outer divertor. The expanded system provides unique capabilities for studying spatially resolved divertor plasma dynamics at near-ELM resolved timescales as well as a test bed for feasibility assessment of near-infrared spectroscopy.
Published: 2014
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23. Recent improvements of the JET lithium beam diagnostic.

Author: Brix M, Dodt D, Dunai D, Lupelli I, Marsen S, Melson TF, Meszaros B, Morgan P, Petravich G, Refy DI, Silva C, Stamp M, Szabolics T, Zastrow KD, and Zoletnik S
Abstract: A 60 kV neutral lithium diagnostic beam probes the edge plasma of JET for the measurement of electron density profiles. This paper describes recent enhancements of the diagnostic setup, new procedures for calibration and protection measures for the lithium ion gun during massive gas puffs for disruption mitigation. New light splitting optics allow in parallel beam emission measurements with a new double entrance slit CCD spectrometer (spectrally resolved) and a new interference filter avalanche photodiode camera (fast density and fluctuation studies).
Published: 2012
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24. Implementation of an in-vessel calibration light source for JET.

Author: Biewer TM, Belcher C, Hassall I, Hillis DL, Kaveney G, Scharpf D, Stamp MF, Stunell C, and Zastrow KD
Subjects: Calibration, Plasma Gases chemistry, Light, Magnetic Phenomena, Physics instrumentation
Abstract: An in-vessel calibration light source (ICLS) has been implemented for remote use during extended shutdown periods of the Joint European Torus (JET). The ICLS facilitated the in situ calibration of optical diagnostics, which previously were performed when the diagnostics were removed from JET. Since the ICLS is used to calibrate diagnostics over the entire, exact optical path as used when plasma discharge data are measured, the ICLS calibration implicitly accounts for any vignetting losses in the JET vessel viewports in addition to the vacuum window transmission. At least ten diagnostic systems have benefited from the ICLS during the extended ITER-like wall shutdown of 2009-2011. Examples of the use of the ICLS in JET are given.
Published: 2012
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25. Enhancements to the JET poloidally scanning vacuum ultraviolet∕visible spectrometers.

Author: Lawson KD, Barnsley R, Maggi CF, Tyrrell S, Beldishevski M, Brzozowski J, Buckley M, Cass G, Elevant T, Griph S, Heesterman P, Hogben C, Jennison M, Stamp MF, Williams J, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: Enhancements to the JET poloidally scanning spectrometers are presented, which will aid the exploitation of the recently installed ITER-like wall in JET. They include the installation of visible filter∕photomultiplier tube assemblies and spectrometers and the replacement of large rotating mirrors in the JET vacuum with small oscillating mirrors outside. The upgrade has resulted in a more robust and reliable diagnostic than before, which is described. Drifts in the mirror angle reconstructed from quadrature encoder signals are found, a reference signal being required. The use of the small scanning mirrors necessitated the inclusion of focusing mirrors to maintain throughput into the vacuum ultraviolet spectrometers. The mirror design has taken account of the extreme sensitivity of the focusing to the grazing angle of incidence, an aspect of importance in the design of grazing incidence focusing components on future machines, such as ITER. The visible system has been absolutely calibrated using an in-vessel light source.
Published: 2012
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26. A protection system for the JET ITER-like wall based on imaging diagnostics.

Author: Arnoux G, Devaux S, Alves D, Balboa I, Balorin C, Balshaw N, Beldishevski M, Carvalho P, Clever M, Cramp S, de Pablos JL, de la Cal E, Falie D, Garcia-Sanchez P, Felton R, Gervaise V, Goodyear A, Horton A, Jachmich S, Huber A, Jouve M, Kinna D, Kruezi U, Manzanares A, Martin V, McCullen P, Moncada V, Obrejan K, Patel K, Lomas PJ, Neto A, Rimini F, Ruset C, Schweer B, Sergienko G, Sieglin B, Soleto A, Stamp M, Stephen A, Thomas PD, Valcárcel DF, Williams J, Wilson J, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: The new JET ITER-like wall (made of beryllium and tungsten) is more fragile than the former carbon fiber composite wall and requires active protection to prevent excessive heat loads on the plasma facing components (PFC). Analog CCD cameras operating in the near infrared wavelength are used to measure surface temperature of the PFCs. Region of interest (ROI) analysis is performed in real time and the maximum temperature measured in each ROI is sent to the vessel thermal map. The protection of the ITER-like wall system started in October 2011 and has already successfully led to a safe landing of the plasma when hot spots were observed on the Be main chamber PFCs. Divertor protection is more of a challenge due to dust deposits that often generate false hot spots. In this contribution we describe the camera, data capture and real time processing systems. We discuss the calibration strategy for the temperature measurements with cross validation with thermal IR cameras and bi-color pyrometers. Most importantly, we demonstrate that a protection system based on CCD cameras can work and show examples of hot spot detections that stop the plasma pulse. The limits of such a design and the associated constraints on the operations are also presented.
Published: 2012
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27. A new visible spectroscopy diagnostic for the JET ITER-like wall main chamber.

Author: Maggi CF, Brezinsek S, Stamp MF, Griph S, Heesterman P, Hogben C, Horton A, Meigs A, Morlock C, Studholme W, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: In preparation for ITER, JET has been upgraded with a new ITER-like wall (ILW), whereby the main plasma facing components, previously of carbon, have been replaced by mainly Be in the main chamber and W in the divertor. As part of the many diagnostic enhancements, a new, survey, visible spectroscopy diagnostic has been installed for the characterization of the ILW. An array of eight lines-of-sight (LOS) view radially one of the two JET neutral beam shine through areas (W coated carbon fibre composite tiles) at the inner wall. In addition, one vertical LOS views the solid W tile at the outer divertor. The light emitted from the plasma is coupled to a series of compact overview spectrometers, with overall wavelength range of 380-960 nm and to one high resolution Echelle overview spectrometer covering the wavelength range 365-720 nm. The new survey diagnostic has been absolutely calibrated in situ by means of a radiometric light source placed inside the JET vessel in front of the whole optical path and operated by remote handling. The diagnostic is operated in every JET discharge, routinely monitoring photon fluxes from intrinsic and extrinsic impurities (e.g., Be, C, W, N, and Ne), molecules (e.g., BeD, D(2), ND) and main chamber and divertor recycling (typically Dα, Dβ, and Dγ). The paper presents a technical description of the diagnostic and first measurements during JET discharges.
Published: 2012
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28. Development of a mirror-based endoscope for divertor spectroscopy on JET with the new ITER-like wall (invited).

Author: Huber A, Brezinsek S, Mertens P, Schweer B, Sergienko G, Terra A, Arnoux G, Balshaw N, Clever M, Edlingdon T, Egner S, Farthing J, Hartl M, Horton L, Kampf D, Klammer J, Lambertz HT, Matthews GF, Morlock C, Murari A, Reindl M, Riccardo V, Samm U, Sanders S, Stamp M, Williams J, Zastrow KD, and Zauner C
Abstract: A new endoscope with optimised divertor view has been developed in order to survey and monitor the emission of specific impurities such as tungsten and the remaining carbon as well as beryllium in the tungsten divertor of JET after the implementation of the ITER-like wall in 2011. The endoscope is a prototype for testing an ITER relevant design concept based on reflective optics only. It may be subject to high neutron fluxes as expected in ITER. The operating wavelength range, from 390 nm to 2500 nm, allows the measurements of the emission of all expected impurities (W I, Be II, C I, C II, C III) with high optical transmittance (≥ 30% in the designed wavelength range) as well as high spatial resolution that is ≤ 2 mm at the object plane and ≤ 3 mm for the full depth of field (± 0.7 m). The new optical design includes options for in situ calibration of the endoscope transmittance during the experimental campaign, which allows the continuous tracing of possible transmittance degradation with time due to impurity deposition and erosion by fast neutral particles. In parallel to the new optical design, a new type of possibly ITER relevant shutter system based on pneumatic techniques has been developed and integrated into the endoscope head. The endoscope is equipped with four digital CCD cameras, each combined with two filter wheels for narrow band interference and neutral density filters. Additionally, two protection cameras in the λ > 0.95 μm range have been integrated in the optical design for the real time wall protection during the plasma operation of JET.
Published: 2012
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29. Scaling of spontaneous rotation with temperature and plasma current in tokamaks.

Author: Parra FI, Nave MF, Schekochihin AA, Giroud C, de Grassie JS, Severo JH, de Vries P, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: Using theoretical arguments, a simple scaling law for the size of the intrinsic rotation observed in tokamaks in the absence of a momentum injection is found: The velocity generated in the core of a tokamak must be proportional to the ion temperature difference in the core divided by the plasma current, independent of the size of the device. The constant of proportionality is of the order of 10 km·s(-1)·MA·keV(-1). When the intrinsic rotation profile is hollow, i.e., it is countercurrent in the core of the tokamak and cocurrent in the edge, the scaling law presented in this Letter fits the data remarkably well for several tokamaks of vastly different size and heated by different mechanisms.
Published: 2012
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30. ITER-relevant calibration technique for soft x-ray spectrometer.

Author: Rzadkiewicz J, Książek I, Zastrow KD, Coffey IH, Jakubowska K, and Lawson KD
Abstract: The ITER-oriented JET research program brings new requirements for the low-Z impurity monitoring, in particular for the Be—the future main wall component of JET and ITER. Monitoring based on Bragg spectroscopy requires an absolute sensitivity calibration, which is challenging for large tokamaks. This paper describes both “component-by-component” and “continua” calibration methods used for the Be IV channel (75.9 Å) of the Bragg rotor spectrometer deployed on JET. The calibration techniques presented here rely on multiorder reflectivity calculations and measurements of continuum radiation emitted from helium plasmas. These offer excellent conditions for the absolute photon flux calibration due to their low level of impurities. It was found that the component-by-component method gives results that are four times higher than those obtained by means of the continua method. A better understanding of this discrepancy requires further investigations.
Published: 2010
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31. Experimental study of the ion critical-gradient length and stiffness level and the impact of rotation in the JET tokamak.

Author: Mantica P, Strintzi D, Tala T, Giroud C, Johnson T, Leggate H, Lerche E, Loarer T, Peeters AG, Salmi A, Sharapov S, Van Eester D, de Vries PC, Zabeo L, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: Experiments were carried out in the JET tokamak to determine the critical ion temperature inverse gradient length (R/LTi=R|nablaTi|/Ti) for the onset of ion temperature gradient modes and the stiffness of Ti profiles with respect to deviations from the critical value. Threshold and stiffness have been compared with linear and nonlinear predictions of the gyrokinetic code GS2. Plasmas with higher values of toroidal rotation show a significant increase in R/LTi, which is found to be mainly due to a decrease of the stiffness level. This finding has implications on the extrapolation to future machines of present day results on the role of rotation on confinement.
Published: 2009
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32. Evidence of inward toroidal momentum convection in the JET tokamak.

Author: Tala T, Zastrow KD, Ferreira J, Mantica P, Naulin V, Peeters AG, Tardini G, Brix M, Corrigan G, Giroud C, and Strintzi D
Abstract: Experiments have been carried out on the Joint European Torus tokamak to determine the diffusive and convective momentum transport. Torque, injected by neutral beams, was modulated to create a periodic perturbation in the toroidal rotation velocity. Novel transport analysis shows the magnitude and profile shape of the momentum diffusivity are similar to those of the ion heat diffusivity. A significant inward momentum pinch, up to 20 m/s, has been found. Both results are consistent with gyrokinetic simulations. This evidence is complemented in plasmas with internal transport barriers.
Published: 2009
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33. Modeling the effect of reflection from metallic walls on spectroscopic measurements.

Author: Zastrow KD, Keatings SR, Marot L, O'Mullane MG, and de Temmerman G
Abstract: A modification of JET is presently being prepared to bring operational experience with ITER-like first wall (Be) and divertor (W) materials, geometry and plasma parameters. Reflectivity measurements of JET sample tiles have been performed and the data are used within a simplified model of the JET and ITER vessels to predict additional contributions to quantitative spectroscopic measurements. The most general method to characterize reflectivity is the bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF). For extended sources however, such as bremsstrahlung and edge emission of fuel and intrinsic impurities, the results obtained in the modeling are almost as accurate if the total reflectivity with ideal Lambertian angular dependence is used. This is in contrast to the experience in other communities, such as optical design, lighting design, or rendering who deal mostly with pointlike light sources. This result is so far based on a very limited set of measurements and will be reassessed when more detailed BRDF measurements of JET tiles have been made. If it is true it offers the possibility of in situ monitoring of the reflectivity of selected parts of the wall during exposure to plasma operation, while remeasurement of the BRDF is performed during interventions. For a closed vessel structure such as ITER, it is important to consider multiple reflections. This makes it more important to represent the whole of the vessel reasonably accurately in the model, which on the other hand is easier to achieve than for the more complex internal structure of JET. In both cases the dominant contribution is from the first reflection, and a detailed model of the areas intersected by lines of sight of diagnostic interest is required.
Published: 2008
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34. A proposed in-vessel calibration light source for the Joint European Torus.

Author: Biewer TM, Hillis DL, Stamp MF, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: An in-vessel calibration light source (ICLS) is proposed for use during extended shutdown periods of the Joint European Torus (JET). The ICLS is primarily a 12 in. integrating sphere (4 in. opening) with four lamps (of known radiance), which can be positioned inside the JET vacuum vessel via the remote handling arm during interventions in the JET operating schedule. This will facilitate the in situ calibration of optical diagnostics, which rely on absolute light intensity measurements currently made when the diagnostics are removed from JET. The ICLS could ultimately reduce/remove the mechanical stresses associated with the repositioning of diagnostics for calibration purposes. At least 10 diagnostic systems (approximately 20 diagnostic subsystems) could benefit from the ICLS; in some instances the ICLS provides the only viable absolute-calibration strategy. Moreover, the ICLS will be a broad-spectrum white light source, enabling intensity calibrations at all visible wavelengths. A secondary benefit of the ICLS is in its use as an illumination source for making measurements of the reflectance (over a broad spectral range and at multiple angles) from the tiles lining the JET vacuum vessel. During the ITER-like wall intervention new Be, C, and W tiles will be installed in JET and their reflectance measured. Measurements made in subsequent JET interventions will provide data on the effect of high-temperature plasma operation on the reflectance of these tiles.
Published: 2008
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35. Impact of calibration technique on measurement accuracy for the JET core charge-exchange system.

Author: Giroud C, Meigs AG, Negus CR, Zastrow KD, Biewer TM, and Versloot TW
Abstract: The core charge-exchange diagnostic at the Joint European Torus (JET) provides measurements of the impurity ion temperature T(i), toroidal velocity V(phi), and impurity ion densities n(imp), across the whole minor radius. A contribution to the uncertainty of the measured quantities is the error resulting from the multi-Gaussian fit and photon statistics, usually quoted for each measured data. Absolute intensity calibration and especially alignment of the viewing directions can introduce an important systematic error. The technique adopted at JET to reduce this systematic contribution to the error is presented in this paper. The error in T(i), V(phi), and n(imp) is then discussed depending on their use.
Published: 2008
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36. Probing internal transport barriers with heat pulses in JET.

Author: Mantica P, Van Eester D, Garbet X, Imbeaux F, Laborde L, Mantsinen M, Marinoni A, Mazon D, Moreau D, Hawkes N, Joffrin E, Kiptily V, Pinches S, Salmi A, Sharapov S, Thyagaraja A, Voitsekhovitch I, de Vries P, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: The first electron temperature modulation experiments in plasmas characterized by strong and long-lasting electron and ion internal transport barriers (ITB) have been performed in JET using ion cyclotron resonance heating in mode conversion scheme. The ITB is shown to be a well localized narrow layer with low heat diffusivity, characterized by subcritical transport and loss of stiffness. In addition, results from cold pulse propagation experiments suggest a second order transition process for ITB formation.
Published: 2006
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37. Poloidal rotation dynamics, radial electric field, and neoclassical theory in the jet internal-transport-barrier region.

Author: Crombé K, Andrew Y, Brix M, Giroud C, Hacquin S, Hawkes NC, Murari A, Nave MF, Ongena J, Parail V, Van Oost G, Voitsekhovitch I, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: Results from the first measurements of a core plasma poloidal rotation velocity (upsilontheta) across internal transport barriers (ITB) on JET are presented. The spatial and temporal evolution of the ITB can be followed along with the upsilontheta radial profiles, providing a very clear link between the location of the steepest region of the ion temperature gradient and localized spin-up of upsilontheta. The upsilontheta measurements are an order of magnitude higher than the neoclassical predictions for thermal particles in the ITB region, contrary to the close agreement found between the determined and predicted particle and heat transport coefficients [K.-D. Zastrow, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 46, B255 (2004)]. These results have significant implications for the understanding of transport barrier dynamics due to their large impact on the measured radial electric field profile.
Published: 2005
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38. Plasma rotation induced by directed waves in the ion-cyclotron range of frequencies.

Author: Eriksson LG, Johnson T, Hellsten T, Giroud C, Kiptily VG, Kirov K, Brzozowski J, DeBaar M, DeGrassie J, Mantsinen M, Meigs A, Noterdaeme JM, Staebler A, Testa D, Tuccillo A, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: Changes of the toroidal plasma rotation induced by directed waves in the ion-cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) have been identified experimentally for the first time on the JET tokamak. The momentum carried by the waves is initially absorbed by fast resonating ions, which subsequently transfer it to the bulk plasma. Thus, the results provide evidence for the influence of ICRF heated fast ions on plasma rotation.
Published: 2004
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39. JET quasistationary internal-transport-barrier operation with active control of the pressure profile.

Author: Crisanti F, Litaudon X, Mailloux J, Mazon D, Barbato E, Baranov Y, Bécoulet A, Bécoulet M, Challis CD, Conway GD, Dux R, Eriksson LG, Esposito B, Frigione D, Hennequin P, Giroud C, Hawkes N, Huysmans G, Imbeaux F, Joffrin E, Lomas P, Lotte P, Maget P, Mantsinen M, Moreau D, Rimini F, Riva M, Sarazin Y, Tresset G, Tuccillo AA, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: Quasistationary operation has been achieved on the Joint European Torus tokamak in internal-transport-barrier (ITB) scenarios, with the discharge time limited only by plant constraints. Full current drive was obtained over all the high performance phase by using lower hybrid current drive. For the first time feedback control on the total pressure and on the electron temperature profile was implemented by using, respectively, the neutral beams and the ion-cyclotron waves. Although impurity accumulation could be a problem in steady state ITBs, these experiments bring some elements to answer to it.
Published: 2002
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40. Therapeutic indications for local anti-infectives. Recommendations for isolation and antiseptic sanitation of patients with MRSA colonization or infection.

Author: Zastrow KD and Kramer A
Subjects: Colony Count, Microbial, Humans, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus growth & development, Anti-Infective Agents, Local therapeutic use, Methicillin Resistance, Patient Isolation, Sanitation, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy, Staphylococcus aureus physiology
Published: 2002
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41. Observation of zero current density in the core of jet discharges with lower hybrid heating and current drive.

Author: Hawkes NC, Stratton BC, Tala T, Challis CD, Conway G, DeAngelis R, Giroud C, Hobirk J, Joffrin E, Lomas P, Lotte P, Mailloux J, Mazon D, Rachlew E, Reyes-Cortes S, Solano E, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: Simultaneous current ramping and application of lower hybrid heating and current drive (LHCD) have produced a region with zero current density within measurement errors in the core ( r/a< or =0.2) of JET tokamak optimized shear discharges. The reduction of core current density is consistent with a simple physical explanation and numerical simulations of radial current diffusion including the effects of LHCD. However, the core current density is clamped at zero, indicating the existence of a physical mechanism which prevents it from becoming negative.
Published: 2001
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42. Suppression of plasma turbulence during optimized shear configurations in JET

Author: Conway GD, Borba DN, Alper B, Bartlett DV, Gormezano C, von Hellermann MG, Maas AC, Parail VV, Smeulders P, and Zastrow KD
Abstract: Correlation of density turbulence suppression and reduced plasma transport is observed in the internal transport barrier (ITB) region of JET tokamak discharges with optimized magnetic shear. The suppression occurs in two stages. First, low frequency turbulence and ion transport are reduced across the plasma core by a toroidal velocity shear generated by intense auxiliary heating. Then with the ITB formation, high frequency turbulence and electron transport are reduced locally within the steep pressure gradient region of the ITB.
Published: 2000
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43. [Vaccinations for travelers in Germany--1971-1990 adverse vaccine effects caused by travel vaccinations].

Author: Zastrow KD and Schöneberg I
Subjects: Cross-Sectional Studies, Germany, Humans, Incidence, Risk Factors, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, Vaccines administration & dosage, Communicable Disease Control, Travel, Vaccination adverse effects, Vaccines adverse effects
Abstract: Adequate prophylaxis should always be the order of the day if anyone plans to visit a foreign country where he may be at risk of being exposed to infectious diseases. Numerous protective vaccinations are available for this purpose in Germany. Basing on the incidence of recorded damage caused by such vaccinations 1971-1990 we must conclude that the risk of damage to health as a result of such vaccinations is very remote. Hence, the protective vaccinations carried out in Germany are of vital importance in respect of keeping down the number of infections.
Published: 1995

44. [Nosocomial infection as the cause of death].

Author: Zastrow KD and Schöneberg I
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection etiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Cause of Death, Cross Infection mortality, Hospital Mortality
Abstract: Hospital-acquired infections are a worldwide problem especially in hospitals for the treatment of acute cases. These infections are among the leading causes of death. Certificates of death of 4656 patients who died in hospitals were analysed. Of these, 564 deaths were caused by nosocomial infections (12.1%). It was estimated that annually around 40,000 deaths in the Federal Republic of Germany are attributable to infections acquired in the hospital.
Published: 1994

45. [Tetanus diseases, inoculations and adverse inoculation effects in the Federal Republic of Germany 1971 to 1990].

Author: Zastrow KD and Schöneberg I
Subjects: Germany, West epidemiology, Humans, Immunization, Secondary statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Tetanus epidemiology, Tetanus mortality, Tetanus prevention & control, Tetanus Toxoid adverse effects, Tetanus Toxoid immunology
Published: 1993
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46. [Malaria importation into Germany in 1989/90].

Author: Zastrow KD, Dieckmann S, and Schöneberg I
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Germany epidemiology, Ghana, Humans, Infant, Kenya, Malaria mortality, Malaria prevention & control, Male, Middle Aged, Travel, Malaria epidemiology
Abstract: Malaria was in 1989/90 the most important imported disease in Germany. Most of all cases were imported by German tourists (about 75%). Africa was the most prominently represented geographic region (about 75%). Kenia and Ghana represented there the biggest share. About 33% of all patients had not done a sufficient prophylaxis against malaria. An adequate prophylaxis against malaria taking into consideration the recommendations for medicaments for different geographical areas is imperative before the number of importations of malaria into Germany can be reduced.
Published: 1993

47. [Importation of leprosy into Germany 1981-1992].

Author: Zastrow KD and Schöneberg I
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Leprosy transmission, Male, Middle Aged, Registries statistics & numerical data, Emigration and Immigration, Leprosy epidemiology, Travel
Abstract: 73 cases of leprosy were imported into the Federal Republic of Germany between 1981 and 1992. A large number of imported cases came from Asian countries (32 cases). 61 patients were male, 12 female. 30 patients had the tuberculoid type of leprosy, 29 the lepromatous. From the total of 73 leprosy patients 7 were German nationals. Early diagnosis and efficient treatment play an important role in ensuring a good prognosis.
Published: 1993

48. Experimental relation between particle and energy confinement in reversed-field pinches.

Author: Mazur S, Nordlund P, Zastrow KD, Brzozowski JH, and Drake JR
Published: 1993
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49. [Data on the status of the organizational structures of hospital hygiene in Germany. II--Rehabilitation clinics, psychiatric hospitals].

Author: Zastrow KD and Schöneberg I
Subjects: Germany, Humans, Communicable Disease Control organization & administration, Cross Infection prevention & control, Hospitals, Psychiatric organization & administration, Patient Care Team organization & administration, Rehabilitation Centers organization & administration
Abstract: The results of an inquiry about the personnel and organisation of the hospital hygiene in 657 German rehabilitation centres and psychiatric hospitals demonstrate that 24% of these hospitals have a hospital epidemiologist, 44% have infection control nurses and 74% infection control physicians. Infection control committees are present in 64% of these hospitals. 78% of the hospitals use the guideline of the Federal Public Health Office "On the Identification, Prevention and Control of Hospital Infections" as a basis for all decisions on hospital hygiene.
Published: 1993

50. [Outbreaks of food-borne infections and microbe-induced poisonings in West Germany 1991].

Author: Zastrow KD and Schöneberg I
Subjects: Bacteria isolation & purification, Cross-Sectional Studies, Foodborne Diseases microbiology, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Salmonella Food Poisoning epidemiology, Salmonella Food Poisoning microbiology, Staphylococcal Food Poisoning epidemiology, Staphylococcal Food Poisoning microbiology, Disease Outbreaks, Food Microbiology, Foodborne Diseases epidemiology
Abstract: Analysis of the outbreaks of food-borne infections and intoxications with a total of 2,610 patients in 1991 demonstrates that these cases were caused in 67.4% by Salmonella species. Eggs were mainly responsible for the outbreaks, whereas poor kitchen hygiene played also a main part in promoting disease.
Published: 1993

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