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This study examines psycholinguistic structure of autobiographical and traumatic narratives representing positive emotional and stressful traumatic life events. The research applied the cross sectional, between subjects design utilizing the independent variables of external agent they, space and time and dependent variable of word number in traumatic narratives for multiple regression analysis. The approval letter to recruit the participants through SONA system in 2015–2016 academic year was obtained from Institutional Review Board of Oklahoma State University (USA). 64 undergraduates of nonclinical setting, females (n=37), males (n=27), mean age was 19.43 (SD=1.37) were recruited. PTSD-8: A Short PTSD Inventory assesses PTSD, the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) analyzes traumatic and autobiographical narratives in terms of linguistic units and psychological meaningful categories. The results indicate that there are significant differences between pronoun they as external agent of proposition and psychological categories of negative emotions and anxiety in traumatic and autobiographical narratives. The frequency of these categories is higher in traumatic narratives compared with autobiographical narratives. External agent they, category of time and space taken together significantly contribute to word number in traumatic narrative. There is a negative correlation between focus on the past and word count, and positive correlation between social category and word count in traumatic narrative in nonclinical sample. To sum up, propositional structure of traumatic memory of individuals without PTSD is represented by external agent and context (place and time) taken together. Considering time as a significant negative predictor of creating traumatic narrative, temporal processing without overestimation of time is an important factor of avoiding PTSD. The principal theoretical implication of this study is that traumatic memory might be examined through psycholinguistic markers represented by propositional structures and psychological meaningful categories of traumatic narratives in individuals from nonclinical and clinical settings. References Anderson, J., Bower, G. D. (1974). A propositional model of recognition memory. Memory and Cognition, 2(3), 406-412. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). American Psychiatric Association, 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Journal of Psychiatry (p. 991). doi: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.744053 Bauer, P.J. (2015). A complementary process account of the development of childhood amnesia and a personal past complementary process. Psychological Review, 122(2), 204-231. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038939. Berntsen, D. (2009). Involuntary Autobiographical Memories: An Introduction to the Unbidden Past. 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У статті проаналізовано психолінгвістичні особливості англомовного перекладу газетно-журнальних текстів. Виявлено актуальність публіцистичного стилю у державному та міжнародному масштабах та його вплив на формування суспільних відносин. Описано причини необхідності використання лексичних трансформацій, подано основні тези щодо іх вживання при перекладі. Проаналізовано, що застосування лексичних трансформацій залежить від особливостей мовних систем та їх стилістичних характеристик. У статті продемонстровано аналіз перекладу як процес когнітивної обробки інформації та висвітлено етапи когнітивних процесів, якими послуговується перекладач під час перекладацької діяльності. Доведено, що застосування лексичних трансформацій вимагає соціокультурної перекладацької компетенції, наявність екстралінгвістичних або фонових знань культури та мови обох народів, які безпосередньо впливають на формуванні свідомості та підсвідомості особистості. Окреслено, що з психологічно го погляду перекладач також здійснює мовну діяльність, створюючи текст перекладу. Мова як засіб комунікації містить у собі важливий механізм та посідає вагоме місце у когніції людини, тому сутність природи перекладу полягає у створенні додаткових зв’язків між встановленням відповідності лінгвістичних та психологічних складових двох мов. Among the main goals of the study were to identify the psycholinguistic features of translating The Ukrainian Week’s articles into English. One interesting finding is that the translating process inevitably involves using lexical and semantic transformations brought to life both by the features of source and target language systems and their stylistic characteristics. Another important finding was that the translation is a process of cognitive information processing. Accordingly, we can infer the stages of cognitive processes used by the translator during translation activity. This result may be explained by the fact that the use of lexical transformations requires sociocultural translation competence, extralinguistic or background knowledge of both languages and cultures. This observation may support the hypothesis that sociocultural competence affects the formation of individual consciousness in a direct way. It is possible, therefore, that the translator also carries out linguistic activity by creating the target text from the psychological point of view. Language as a means of communication implies an essential mechanism and takes a significant place in human cognition. A possible explanation for this might be that the essence of translation is to create additional links between the linguistic and psychological components in two languages.

Among the main goals of the study were to identify the psycholinguistic features of translating The Ukrainian Week’s articles into English. One interesting finding is that the translating process inevitably involves using lexical and semantic transformations brought to life both by the features of source and target language systems and their stylistic characteristics. Another important finding was that the translation is a process of cognitive information processing. Accordingly, we can infer the stages of cognitive processes used by the translator during translation activity. This result may be explained by the fact that the use of lexical transformations requires sociocultural translation competence, extralinguistic or background knowledge of both languages and cultures. This observation may support the hypothesis that sociocultural competence affects the formation of individual consciousness in a direct way. It is possible, therefore, that the translator also carries out linguistic activity by creating the target text from the psychological point of view. Language as a means of communication implies an essential mechanism and takes a significant place in human cognition. A possible explanation for this might be that the essence of translation is to create additional links between the linguistic and psychological components in two languages.

Recent developments in computerized linguistic and psychological research tools have heightened the need for broadening not only their areas of use, but also their applied languages. Therefore, there is an urgent need to address the translation problems caused by different target culture-bound issues. Existing research in the domain of translation studies recognises the critical role played by translating transformations as psycholinguistic logical operations performed in the translator’s mind. This paper explores the ways in which selected original Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) 2015 (Pennebaker et al., 2015) dictionary items can be reproduced in Ukrainian with due account of their semantic, pragmatic, and cultural load. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that the translator should apply a set of lexical translation transformations including differerentiation, concretization, generalization of word meaning along with transсoding, explication, and calquing. Some linguistic items, e.g. from the category of ‘Leisure’, ‘Netspeak’ were not translated at all, i.e. retained their original form, due to their shared use today both by speakers of English and Ukrainian. Further research should be undertaken to investigate methods of reproducing LIWC vocabulary in other languages.&nbsp

Recently, researchers in the field of linguistics, psycholinguistics, psychology of language, translation studies and other related fields have shown an increased interest in studying linguistic features of discourse. An increasing amount of studies on deception, means of suggestion and manipulation in discourse clearly indicate that there is a relationship betweenthe use of function words, discourse cognitive compexity and speakers’ emotional states, his/her hidden intentions. Function words as ‘style words’ (Tausczik & Pennebaker, 2010) including pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, articles are processed automatically due to their procedural meaning. This paper is focused on the application aspects of two computerized methods – Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), and Textanz that are sensitive to function words. Designed by J. Pennebaker, social psychologist from University of Texas in Austin, and his colleagues (Pennebaker et al., 2007), LIWC as a text analysis program that counts words in linguistic and psychological categories helps a researcher detect meaning in a wide variety of experimental settings, including to demonstrate information distortion in political discourse and translation. Our previous investigation on deception validated LIWC’s potential in identifying information distortion in English political discourse. The current study was aimed at verifying the above mentioned programs’ ability to detect deviations in translating. The authors found that such translation universals as simplification, normalization, and explicitation are markers of information distortion, or the “third code” (Frawley, 1984), in the target versions. Another important finding was that they can be easily traced in English-Ukrainian parallel and comparable corpora through the use of LIWC and Textanz – reliable detectors of linguistic means with mostly procedural meaning.

Андрієнко Т. Стратегії і тактики перекладу: когнітивно-дискурсивний аспект (на матеріалі художнього перекладу з англійської мови на українську та російську). Монографія. Київ: Видавничий дім Дмитра Бураго, 2016. 340 с.

Conference paper

The present paper outlines results of a psycholinguistic study of gender cognitive and behavioral tendencies reflected in a specially compiled bilingual corpus of translated and original texts of fiction. The authors attempt to show how gender can affect translator’s choices in English – Ukrainian literary translation. A special focus is on ’S-universals’ (Chesterman, 2011), since their study gives a direct access to translators’ mental operations. Explication, simplification on the lexical and syntactic levels, the use of more frequent lexis in the target texts, lack of repetitions, avoidance of culture-bound terms, standardizing, and convergence belong to a group of the main gender-dependent translation S-universals. Among the most typical finding of the research is women’s better flexibility in the translation viewed as a metacognitive universal of their “global” thinking, i.e. a synthetic cognitive style. Female translators have shown higher indices of target text lexical density, explicitation and nominalization. By contrast, male translators tend to avoid nominalizations, being more accurate when reproducing certain source text units, thereby opting for a ‘semantic method’ (Newmark, 1988) of translation. This universal strategy is manifested through their analytical cognitive style. When translating status-asymmetrical conversations between characters in the source text, where fictional characters perform socially marked or blurred roles, men attempt to retain negative politeness in their target language versions.

Стаття є спробою перевірити валідність «ретрансляційної гіпотези», запропонованої А. Берманом (1990), на основі паралельного англо-українського корпусу художньої прози. Згідно з гіпотезою, кожен наступний, тобто пізніший текст перекладу має тенденцію більшого наближення до культури оригіналу, ніж перші переклади. Тенденція кваліфікується автором як претендент на перекладацьку універсалію. Головними джерелами аналізу були твори “The Fellowship of the Ring” і “The Hobbit, or, There and Back Again” Дж. Р. Р. Толкіна і їхні перекладні версії у виконанні A. Немірової, А. Веселовського, О. Мокровольського, О. О‟Лір. Головними маркерами аналізу на синтаксичному рівні були негативні конструкції, каузальні дискурсивні маркери. Лексичні маркери представлено топонімами й антропонімами, більшою чи меншою мірою «одомашнені» до цільової культури. Одержані попередні результати дослідження загалом доводять валідність гіпотези для проаналізованого англо-українського корпусу художньої прози.The present paper outlines an attempt to verify the validity of the “Retranslation Hypothesis” suggested by A. Berman (1990) using parallel English-Ukrainian corpus of translated fiction. According to the hypothesis, each subsequent, i.e. more recent (re)translations tend to be more source culture oriented than first translations. This tendency i s viewed as a possible translation universal. The principal sources were “The Fellowship of the Ring” and “The Hobbit, or, There and Back Again” by J. R. R. Tolkien as the source texts, and their Ukrainian target versions produced by A. Nemirova, A. Veselovskyi, O. Mokrovolskyi, O. O‟Lear. Among the main markers of the analysis were the number of negative constructions, causal discourse markers on the syntactic level. The use of these discourse markers by the translator revealed a phenomenon known as „explicitation‟. The lexical markers were represented by toponyms and anthroponyms being more or less “domesticated” to the target cultural background. The obtained results of the study show the hypothesis clearly has a general value for the selected English–Ukrainian parallel corpus of fiction.

The paper outlines the study of translation S-universals and is based both on the psycholinguistic model of literary translation, which combines two approaches to language organizationin today’s neuroscience – cognitivism and connectionism, and on the experimental data thatdemonstrate its validity. A free word association test was used to identify a translator’s cognitive style as a universal tendency determining his linguistic choice. This psycholinguistic tool helped explore theways how the meaning of the original text was reconstructed in the target text by the selected group of novice translators. A quantitative content analysis and psycholinguistic text analysis were applied for the purpose of studying the correlation between specific textual features of authors and those of the translators. As the empirical study showed, the S-universals maintain the status of common strategiesdepending on translator’s cognitive style. A ‘think aloud protocol’ (TAP) analysis was used to explorethe ways in which the meaning of the original text was reconstructed in the target text by the novice translators. A content analysis and psycholinguistic text analysis were applied for the purpose ofstudying the correlation between specific textual features of authors and those of translators. The results of the empirical study showed that the observed S-universals, while maintaining the status of common strategies, clearly depend on translator’s cognitive style (analytical or synthetic), and his dominant channel (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) of source text perception.

В издании раскрываются вопросы психологии языка, речи и личности. Исследуются проблемы переводческих универсалий. Особое внимание уделяется сравнительно новым научным понятиям и категориям: языковая личность, языковая картина мира, чувство языка, речевой опыт. Для научных работников, аспирантов, студентов и всех, кто интересуется вопросами психологических особенностей речевой деятельности. СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие 4; Часть 1. Язык и мир. Речь и личность 6; Засекина Л. В. Интеллект личности в зеркале психолингвистики 6; Засекин С. В. Язык в зеркале перевода: психолингвистическое исследование переводческих универсалий 25; Лавриненко А. Л. Когнитивно-мотивационные особенности языковой личности 53; Орап М. О. Психология речевого опыта личности 73; Савченко Е. В. Нарративный подход в исследовании индивидуального опыта на личностном уровне 94; Фомина Н. А. Соотношение различных свойств языковой личности и особенностей ее речевой деятельности 126; Часть 2. Психология языка, речи и речевой деятельности личности 148; Белык Т. Н. Психологические особености речевого имиджа личности 148; Дячук Н. В. Творческий потенциал будущего переводчика художественных текстов в его профессиональной деятельности 162; Крупыч С. О. Психологические проявления личности в речевой деятельности 176; Тарасюк И. В. Психологические основы речевой адаптации детей мигрантов 198; Шишкина К. Ю. Информационная безопасность личности в контексте психолингвистики 216; Часть 3. Психолингвистические исследования речи личности: норма-аномалия-патология 223; Василюк О. П. Психолингвистические средства реорганизации травматической памяти личности 223; Соловей О. А. Речевая деятельность детей с синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности 244; Тригуб Г. В. Психологические основы овладения иностранным языком младшими школьниками с ведущей левой рукой 268; Об авторах 288.

The paper outlines the study of translation S-universals and is based both on the psycholinguistic model of literary translation, which combines two approaches to language organization in today’s neuroscience – cognitivism and connectionism, and on the experimental data that demonstrate its validity. A free word association test was used to identify a translator’s cognitive style as a universal tendency determining his linguistic choice. This psycholinguistic tool helped explore the ways how the meaning of the original text was reconstructed in the target text by the selected group of novice translators. A quantitative content analysis and psycholinguistic text analysis were applied for the purpose of studying the correlation between specific textual features of authors and those of the translators. As the empirical study showed, the S-universals maintain the status of common strategies depending on translator’s cognitive style. A ‘think aloud protocol’ (TAP) analysis was used to explore the ways in which the meaning of the original text was reconstructed in the target text by the novice translators. A content analysis and psycholinguistic text analysis were applied for the purpose of studying the correlation between specific textual features of authors and those of translators. The results of the empirical study showed that the observed S-universals, while maintaining the status of common strategies, clearly depend on translator’s cognitive style (analytical or synthetic), and his dominant channel (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) of source text perception. Стаття висвітлює психолінгвістичний підхід до розуміння перекладацьких S- універсалій. Автор робить спробу продемонструвати їхню важливість та вплив на діяльність перекладача в контексті психолінгвістичної моделі художнього перекладу. Вона ґрунтується на двох парадишмах нейронауки – конекціонізмі та когнітивізмі. Вільний асоціативний експеримент має на меті встановити когнітивний стиль перекладачів. Конент-аналіз та психолінгвістичний аналіз сприяли встановленню кореляції текстових рис тексту оригіналу та перекладів. Процедура «думай вголос» застосована для виявлення того, як реконструюється значення вихідного тексту безпосередньо під час відтворення тексту перекладачами-новачками. Результати емпіричного дослідження показали, набір S-універсалій як спільних стратегій перекладачів залежить від їхнього когнітивного стилю – аналітичного чи интетичного, а також їхньої провідної модальності – аудіальної, візуальної, тактильної.

The article is focused on the issue of interrelation between psycholinguistic factors – translator’s cognitive style, leading channel of information decoding – and strategies of literary translation. The findings prove the impact of the above mentioned factors on the translator’s choice. У статті автор пропонує до розгляду питання взаємозв’язку психолінгвістичних чинників – когнітивного стилю перекладача й провідного каналу декодування тексту оригіналу та стратегій перекладу художнього тексту. Одержані дані засвідчили існування впливу згаданих чинників на перекладацький вибір.

У статті розглянуто психолінгвістичне вивчення когнітивно-дискурсивних S-універсалій перекладу художнього тексту. Запропоновано дослідити їхні різновиди на основі психолінгвістичного аналізу сорока цільових текстів студентських перекладів українською фрагмента твору Дж.Селінджера «Френні». The article is focused on the study of cognitive and discursive S-universals of literary translation from psycholinguistic perspective. The study is based on the analysis of forty target versions of J. D. Salinger’s «Franny» excerpt translated into Ukrainian by novice translators.

Книга висвітлює ключові психолінгвістичні підходи до аналізу усного й писемного мовлення. Автори визначають об'єкт, предмет, мету та завдання психолінгвістики як самостійної галузі знань, її сучасний стан і перспективи; окреслюють провідні методи аналізу політичних, рекламних, художніх текстів. Подана психолінгвістична експертиза ксенофобії на матеріалі текстів друкованих ЗМІ; аспекти мовленнєвої генези дітей дошкільного віку. The book is focused on the main psycholinguistic methods of oral and written discourse analysis. The authors define the object, goal and objectives of psycholinguistics as an independent field of knowledge, its today's state and prospects. Moreover, the main tools of political, advertising, literary texts along with psycholinguistic expert analysis of the regional press have been discussed. Finally, some aspects of pre-school children's language genesis have been highlighted. For psycholinguists, linguists, psychologists, Ph.D. students, students of higher educational institutions who study Psycholinguistics, Linguistic Expert Analysis, Introduction to Structural Linguistics.

The monograph outlines a psycholinguistic study and classification of translation universals in the translation of literary texts. The research is based both on the psycholinguistic model of literary translation, and on the experimental data that demonstrate its validity. The model resulted in a series of experiments held with undergraduate students of translation department. The obtained empirical data proved the idea of existing specific procedural and discursive S-universals in the English-Ukrainian translation of fiction. As the empirical data showed, these universals maintain the status of common strategies depending on translator’s cognitive style and his dominant channel of source text perception. The study is viewed as one which offers prospects for further research in the field of Translation Studies and Applied Psycholinguistics. Монографія висвітлює закономірності перекладу художнього тексту з англійської мови на українську в контексті психолінгвістики. Автор пропонує психолінгвістичну модель художнього перекладу, яка здатна розкрити механізми мислення перекладача, ураховуючи положення ключових парадигм нейронауки сього¬дення: когнітивізму й конекціонізму, а також функціональну міжпівкульову асиметрію головного мозку перекладача, його когнітивні стилі, домінантний канал (де)кодування інформації. Модель слугує основою визначення і класифікації загальних та емпіричних перекладацьких універсалій. Застосовані в роботі методи психолінгвістичного аналізу виявилися надійними інструментами встановлення й опису емпіричних універсалій перекладу художнього твору. Для викладачів-філологів, дослідників у галузі перекладознавства, психо- та нейролінгвістики, прикладної лінгвістики, аспірантів, студентів ВНЗ, усіх зацікавлених проблемами психолінгвістики перекладу.

The book is focused on the key issues, history, object, subject, and priority objectives of Psycholinguistics as a branch of science. The authors discribe the system and structures of knowledge representation in the human mind; stages of discourse comprehension and production; discuss some issues of translation and bilingualism. Книга висвітлює ключові проблеми, історію, об'єкт, предмет та завдання психолінгвістики як галузі науки. Автори також пропонують до уваги читача опис системи та структур представлення знань у розумі індивіда; фази розуміння та породження мовлення, деякі питання перекладу та білінгвізму. Для психолінгвістів, лінгвістів, психологів, аспірантів, студентів ВНЗ, які вивчають психолінгвістику, когнітивну лінгвістику. For psycholinguists, linguists, psychologists, Ph.D. students, university students who study Psycholinguistics, Cognitive Linguistics.

While severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and moral injury among civilians affected by armed conflicts is generally understudied, even less research exists on civilian populations during an active war. This paper reports a large-scale study that administered standard assessments of PTSD and moral injury severity, as well as rich demographic questionnaires, to nearly 1300 Ukrainian civilians during the ongoing Russian invasion. Analyses revealed an extremely high prevalence of severe PTSD symptoms and moral injury, relative to both proposed clinical cut-offs and to earlier measurements from a similar population. Further regression analyses identified risk factors and protective factors. Greater severity of PTSD symptoms was observed among women, older and forcibly displaced individuals, and individuals from geographic regions under Russian occupation. Higher education correlated with milder PTSD symptoms. Moral injury was particularly strong in younger individuals. The present study is one of the first to report a large scale set of psychological data collected from the civilian population of Ukraine during the ongoing Russian invasion. It is obvious from the scope and long-term nature of the atrocities that psychological treatment of the civilian population will be required both presently, while the hostilities are ongoing, and in the future. This data contributes to a detailed understanding of the psychological response to traumatic stress, including its overall prevalence and presence in specific demographically and geographically defined civilian groups.