34 results on '"Zarshenas, M."'
Search Results
2. Energetic bombardment and defect generation during magnetron-sputter-deposition of metal layers on graphene
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Pliatsikas, N., Karabinaki, O., Zarshenas, M., Almyras, G.A., Shtepliuk, I., Yakimova, R., Arvanitidis, J., Christofilos, D., and Sarakinos, K.
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- 2021
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3. Theoretical study of $\alpha$-U/W(110) thin films from density functional theory calculations: Structural, magnetic and electronic properties
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Zarshenas, M. and Asadabadi, S. Jalali
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
Structural, electronic and magnetic properties were calculated for the optimized $\alpha$-U/W(110) thin films (TFs) within the density functional theory. Our optimization for 1U/7W(110) shows that the U-W vertical interlayer spacing (ILS) is expanded by 14.0% compared to our calculated bulk W-W ILS. Spin and orbital magnetic moments (MMs) per U atom were found to be enhanced from zero for the bulk of $\alpha$-U to 1.4 $\mu_B$ and -0.4 $\mu_B$ at the interface of the 1U/7W(110), respectively. Inversely, our result for 3U/7W(110) TFs shows that the surface U-U ILS is contracted by 15.7% compared to our obtained bulk U-U spacing. The enhanced spin and orbital MMs in the 1U/7W(110) were then found to be suppressed in 3U/7W(110) to their ignorable bulk values. The calculated density of states (DOS) corroborates the enhancement and suppression of the MMs and shows that the total DOS, in agreement with experiment, is dominated in the vicinity of Fermi level by the 5f U states. Proximity and mismatch effects of the nonmagnetic W(110) substrate were assessed and found to be important for this system., Comment: Thin Solid Films 2011
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- 2011
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4. A Study on Essential Oil Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Native and Endemic Satureja Species Growing in Iran
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Jafari, F., Farmani, F., Zomorodian, K., Moein, M., Faridi, P., and Zarshenas, M. M.
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- 2018
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5. Theoretical study of α-U/W(110) thin films from density functional theory calculations: Structural, magnetic and electronic properties
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Zarshenas, M. and Jalali Asadabadi, S.
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- 2012
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6. A SURVEY AND COMPARISON OF BREEDER STOCKS OF SHRIMP SPECIES IN THE FISHING GROUNDS EAST OF HORMOZGAN PROVINCE, IRAN
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Gh. Zarshenas; M. Fatemi; Gh. Vosoghi; P. Ghavam mostafavi; M. Momeni
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SHRIMP BREEDER STOCKS ,Sex ratio ,Hormozgan province ,Iran ,Agriculture ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 - Abstract
The main fishing ground for shrimps in Hormozgan province along the Persian Gulf are located in the north of Qeshm Island to Sirik area with a yearly catch of 1500-2000 tons from east coast of Hormozgan province located in Iranian waters of Oman Sea. Collection of breeder shrimps in important fishing grounds of Sirik to Jask area was started in 1995 for shrimp culture objectives and the present research was carried out in 2001 to 2002 and 2007, aiming at identifying shrimp species, determining frequency distribution of the species in the catch and evaluating shrimp maturity stages in the catch. Samples were collected using swept area methgd on a biweekly or monthly basis. Result showed that Fenneropenaeus indicus was dominant in the shrimp catch comprising 44.8-59.5% while this rate was 13.5-34% for Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, 15.7-20.5% for Penaeus semisulcatus, 5.5-16% for Metapenaeus affinis, 0-14.5% for M.stebbingi 0-4.5% for Parapenaeopsis stylifera in the Jask and Sirik areas in 2001-2002 and 2007. CLM50%was 34.7mm for F. indicus females, 31mm for F. merguiensis, 34.3mm for P. misulcatus and 27.16mm for M affinnis in Jask and Sirik areas. Tukey test showed that the average carapace length in F. indicus, F. merguiensis and P. semisulcatus caught in Jask were significantly larger than those from Sirik area (P
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- 2008
7. COMPARISON OF GROWTH INDICES, SURVIVAL AND TOTAL PRODUCTION OF FENNEROPENAEUS MERGUIENSIS AND FENNEROPENAEUS INDICES IN HORMOZGAN PROVINCE
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E. Tazikeh; Gh. Zarshenas; M. Yahyavi; M. Sajjadi
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Production ,Fenneropenaeus merguiensis ,FENNEROPENAEUS INDICUS ,TIAB ,Hormozgan province ,Iran ,Agriculture ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 - Abstract
The aim of the project was to assess production per hectare and other growth indices of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis and F. indicus in Zarabzy farm in earthen ponds of Tiab area, Hormozgan province. We used two treatments, one for each species three replications each. Post larvae of the species were stocked at density 20 ind/m2. Shrimp were fed by imported pellet on the basis of standard feeding table. In order to obtain the growth rate and calculate daily feeding status, the shrimp were biometrically assessed twice a month. We also measured physic-chemical factors of water including pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity twice a day. The recorded mean results of survival rate in treatment 1 and 2 were 10% and 64%, respectively. Final product and mean body weight in treatment 1 and 2 were 337.5 and 1526Kg/ha and 16.97 and 11.44g, respectively. The result of final product, survival rate and F.C.R. were above standards. The result of physico-chemical tests showed the parameters were higher than standard which had negative impact on production in both treatments. The results showed that propagation of F. merguiensis is feasible and it can be cultured provided that the suitable food is made available.
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- 2008
8. BY-CATCH COMPOSITION OF SMALL-SCALE SHRIMP TRAWLERS IN THE PERSIAN GULF (HORMUZGAN PROVINCE), IRAN
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T. valinasab; Gh. Zarshenas; M. Fatemi; M. Otobideh
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DISCARD CATCH ,Shrimp ,HORMUZGAN PROVINCE ,Persian Gulf ,Iran ,Agriculture ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 - Abstract
Fishing vessels equipped with bottom trawls cause high amount of by-catch and discards. We investigated the catch composition and by-catch percentage in October -November 2002 during shrimp fishing season in Hormuzgan Province waters. The studied area was located in Dar-Soorkh area, east of Hormuz Island and Toola area. Sampling was done using wooden fishing dhows. During shrimp season, 36 hauls with a total catch of 6050kg were treated. The catch composed of 88 species belonging to 50 families of which 67 species were bony fish from 38 families, 9 species were cartilaginous fish from 6 families, and 3 species were mollusks from three families and also 9 species of crustacean were found belonging to 3 families. The percentages of different groups of by-catch and target catch (shrimp) were 49.4% small discards, 18.7% large discards, 4.7% commercial species and 27.2% shrimp. The ratio of total by-catch to shrimp was estimated to be about 2.7 times that of the shrimp.
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- 2007
9. M082 THE ROLE OF DIETARY AND REPRODUCTION AS PREDICTORS OF AGE AT MENOPAUSE
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Zarshenas, M., primary and Karimy, L., additional
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- 2012
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10. W456 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH KNOWLEDGE AMONG PRE MARRIAGE GIRLS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN SHIRAZ, SOUTHWEST OF IRAN
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Zarshenas, M., primary, Janghorban, R., additional, and Zeinalizadeh, S., additional
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- 2012
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11. Structural and electronic properties of ni-doped ZnO in zinc-blende phase: A DFT investigations
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Haq, Bakhtiar Ul, primary, Ahmed, R., additional, Afaq, A., additional, Shaari, A., additional, and Zarshenas, M., additional
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- 2012
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12. O1042 Obstetrical risk factors for asphyxia
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Zarshenas, M., primary and Janghorban, R., additional
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- 2009
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13. P24 The relationship of anxiety in pregnancy with blood pressure
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Honarvar, F., primary, Zarshenas, M., additional, and Soltanmoradi, S., additional
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- 2009
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14. P159 Outcomes of pregnancy in diabetic women
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Zarshenas, M., primary and Janghorban, R., additional
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- 2009
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15. An overview on Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) pharmacological effects; modern and traditional
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Zarshenas, M. M., Moein, M., Samani, S. M., and Peyman Petramfar
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ajwain, trachyspermum ammi (l.) sprague, traditional medicine, herbal medicine ,lcsh:RZ409.7-999 ,lcsh:Miscellaneous systems and treatments - Abstract
Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague or commonly Ajwain is a herbaceous herb belonging to the family Apiaceae and vastly grows in Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India as well as European region. Known as Zenyan or Nankhah in medical and pharmaceutical manuscript of medieval Persia, seeds of Ajwain were highly administered by traditional healers and traditionally employed for different ailments. Due to its various chemical constituents, the herb seeds were also evaluated for its numerous pharmacological properties. Accordingly, current work was carried out to review the traditional and modern pharmacological properties of Ajwain regarding current and medieval reports. To this, respective databases were searched for the terms 'Trachyspermum ammi', 'Carum copticum', 'Ajwain' and 'Ajowan' without limitation up to early 2013. Information on the herb was gathered via electronic search using Pubmed, Scopus, Google scholar and SID (for articles in Persian language) as well as medical and pharmaceutical manuscripts of Persian medicine. Ajwain seeds revealed to possess antiseptic, stimulant, carminative, diuretic, anesthetic, antimicrobial, antiviral, nematicidal, antiulcer, antihypertensive, antitussive, bronchodilatory, antiplatelet and hepatoprotective as well as antihyperlipidemic effects, many of those were remarked by early Persian physicians. With reference to these pharmacological activities, Ajwain seeds can be a good candidate for to be applied in clinical practice. However, in spite of various experimental and animal studies, lack of comprehensive clinical trials aimed on regarded effects is still remained to reconfirm the traditional knowledge.
16. Contrasting actions of various antioxidants on hyperlipidemia: A review and new concepts
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Baharvand-Ahmadi, B., Mahmoud Rafieian-kopaei, Zarshenas, M. M., and Bahmani, M.
17. Authentication and quality control of some polyherbal oils used in Persian Traditional Medicine (PTM)
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Azadeh Hamedi, Sakhteman, A., Ahmadi, F., Sohrabpour, M., and Zarshenas, M. M.
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HPTLC ,standardization ,lcsh:Pharmacy and materia medica ,traditional polyherbal oil ,fingerprint ,lcsh:RS1-441 ,MATLAB software - Abstract
Background and objectives: Traditional polyherbal oils are still in use in Persian Traditional Medicine (PTM). Most of these formulations are prepared via traditional procedures such as maceration of herbs in oils or evaporating aqueous herbal extracts in boiling or heating oils as the vehicle. Thus, their quality control, standardization and authentication are real challenges due to the lack of scientific studies. The present study provided data and methods to authenticate some of these oils and has compared applicability of different fingerprinting methods for their authenticity. Methods: Thirteen oils were prepared according to the traditional manuscripts. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) fingerprinting data were analyzed using MATLAB software. For HPTLC fingerprints a special coding system was designed according to the Rf values. The fingerprinting data were subjected to principal components (PCs) analysis. Melting point and thermal behavior of the oils were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Also, the refractive indices, acid and peroxide values were obtained for the oils. Results: The designed coding system for HPTLC was successfully able to produce a discriminative unique fingerprint for each sample. Among UV, IR and HPTLC fingerprinting, the last one seemed more reliable than others to authenticate the oils. The acid values (0.22-3.85), peroxide values (2.31-34.35 meq/kg) and refractive indices (1.4622 - 1.4706) were in acceptable ranges for most of these oils. Conclusion: Despite lack of knowledge about constituents of traditional polyherbal oils, this study was able to provide some data and fingerprinting methods for their authentication.
18. Salvia macrosiphon seeds and seed oil: pharmacognostic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties
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Azadeh Hamedi, Jamshidzadeh, A., Ahmadi, S., Sohrabpour, M., and Zarshenas, M. M.
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lcsh:Pharmacy and materia medica ,pharmacognostic ,Salvia macrosiphon ,seed oil ,α-linolenic acid ,β-sitosterol ,food and beverages ,lcsh:RS1-441 - Abstract
Background and objectives:Wild Sage(Salvia macrosiphon Boiss.) known as “Marvak” in Persian is one of the polymorphic and abundant plants of Lamiaceae. The plants whole seeds usually soaked or boiled in hot water are widely used for inflammatory ailments in folk medicine. Documents have shown that there is scant information on the chemical constituents of this plant seeds. The current study was carried out to assess the phytochemical constituents of Salvia macrosiphon seeds as well as anti-inflammatory activities. Methods: The seed oil extracted via a Soxhlet extractor was subjected to pharmacognostic assays using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of fatty acids and sterols as well as evaluation of the possible anti-inflammatory activities in rats. Results: Total ash, acid insoluble and water soluble ash values were determined as 51.67±7.53, 10.00±0.02 and 30.01±5.01 mg/g, respectively. HPTLC assessment revealed the presence of different steroids, triterpenes and fatty acids. Amount of sterols in oil was found 2.44, 24.92 and 4.60 mg/g for esterified β-sitosterol, free β-sitosterol and free stigmasterol, respectively. The α-linolenic acid (77.69±6.10%) was the principal fatty acid. Regarding the anti-inflammatory activity, the seed oil showed low activity in the early phase of formalin test; however, could not significantly inhibit the neutrophil-induced damage by reducing MPO activity in the paws of the rat. Conclusion: The seed oil did not exhibit satisfactory effects on acute inflammation in this study but considering the rich phytosterols content, the seed and its oil can be introduced as useful dietary supplements.
19. Oxymel in medieval Persia
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Zargaran, A., Zarshenas, M. M., Mehdizadeh, A., and Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh
20. World Congress Integrative Medicine & Health 2017: part three : Berlin, Germany. 3-5 May 2017
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Ortiz M, Schnabel K, Teut M, Rotter G, Binting S, Cree M, Lotz F, Suhr R, Benno Brinkhaus, Parvizi M, Handjani F, Zarshenas M, Moein M, Nimrouzi M, and Tong X
21. The effect of self-care training programs on lifestyle and breast self-examination of immigrant Afghan women.
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Jafari E, Zarshenas M, Toosi M, Nematollahi A, and Sayadi M
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Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and a major cause of mortality among women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a key technique for early diagnosis of breast cancer, which, along with lifestyle changes, can alleviate the risk of mortality. This study aimed to examine the effect of self-care training programs on lifestyle change and BSE of immigrant Afghan women residing in Iran., Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 140 immigrant Afghan women visiting health-care centers in Shiraz (Iran) were selected via convenience sampling during 2019-2020. The data were collected using a lifestyle questionnaire, a demographic information checklist, and a BSE checklist. Following the pretest, the experimental group received three sessions of self-care training and took the posttest 2 months after the intervention. The control group did not receive any intervention, but took the same posttest 2 months after the pretest. Data analysis was performed using paired and independent t -test and Chi-squared test in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22., Results: The post-intervention level of knowledge and performance of the experimental group significantly increased in terms of a healthy lifestyle ( P < 0.001) and performance of BSE ( P < 0.001) compared to the control group. The intervention also had a significant positive effect ( P < 0.000) on all dimensions of lifestyle., Conclusion: Self-care training for lifestyle and BSE can promote the prevention and early diagnosis of breast cancer in immigrant Afghan women who have limited access to health care., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.)
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- 2023
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22. Promotion of posttraumatic stress disorder following traumatic birth experiences and the influence of maternity religious Attitude: A correlational study.
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Alipanahpour S, Zarshenas M, and Akbarzadeh M
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Background: Women who experience stillbirth and preterm delivery are likely to be associated with an increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to women with live births and dose religious attitude related to posttraumatic stress? The aim of the study was promotion PTSD following traumatic birth experiences and the influence of maternity religious Attitude., Materialsand Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at selected hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences on 82 subjects in 2018. The instruments were demographic questionnaire, Religious Attitude questionnaire, and Mississippi PTSD Scale which were completed after delivery. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 22, using the Pearson correlation test., Results: About 75% stillbirth group and 65% of the preterm delivery group had a high level of religious attitude. In the stillbirth group, 90% had high levels of PTSD and in the preterm delivery group, 90% had moderate stress, and 10% had high PTSD levels. The correlation between religious attitude and PTSD after stillbirth was 0.373 with a significance level of 0.018. Therefore, there was a significant positive relationship between religious attitude and PTSD. However, the relationship between religious attitude and PTSD after preterm delivery was not statistically significant ( P = 0.158)., Conclusion: PTSD was significantly higher in mothers with stillbirth and had a significant relationship with religious attitude. However, in mothers of preterm infants, the level of stress was moderate and did not have a significant relationship with religious attitude. The findings indicate the need of mothers for interventions to cope better with the physical and psychological problems of stillbirth and preterm delivery., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.)
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- 2021
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23. Comparison of Maternal-Infant Attachment in Cesarean Delivery Based on Robson Classification: A Cross-Sectional Study.
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Rookesh Z, Kaviani M, Zarshenas M, and Akbarzadeh M
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Background: The Robson criteria allows for standardized comparisons of data and possible driving changes in Cesarean Section (C/S) rates and complications. The aimed to compare maternal-infant attachment in C/S based on Robson Classification., Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 369 women who had undergone C/S in Hazrate Zeinab Peace Be Upon Him (PBUH), Hafez, and Shooshtari hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran from April 2018 to March 2019. The study data were collected using a demographic form, an obstetric form, and Avant Checklist (AC) at postpartum and pre-discharge stages. Each participant was placed in Robson classification and the attachment score was calculated in each Robson Classification, and a comparison was made among the 10 groups. The data were analyzed into the SPSS 16 software and using descriptive statistics and paired t test., Results: The total mean (SD) score of attachment was 38.73 (18.65) at 1-7 h postpartum and 90.52 (23.79) at pre-discharge. The highest total mean (SD) score of attachment was observed in group 6 (86.78 (8.70) at postpartum and 118.67 (4.47) at pre-discharge). The lowest total mean (SD) score of attachment was observed in group 10 (12.79 (2.37) at 1-7 h postpartum and 45.44 (7.99) at pre-discharge)., Conclusions: Obstetric characteristics in Robson Classification, parity, previous C/S, gestational age, onset of labor, fetal presentation, and number of fetuses were effective in clarifying information. The use of this system is necessary to determine the causes of increased C/S cases in low-income and middle-income countries., Competing Interests: Nothing to declare., (Copyright: © 2021 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research.)
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- 2021
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24. Room-temperature diffusion of metal clusters on graphene.
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Zarshenas M, Gervilla V, Sangiovanni DG, and Sarakinos K
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We study the diffusion dynamics, the diffusion mechanisms, and the adsorption energetics of Ag, Au, Cu, and Pd dimers, as well as of Ag trimers on single-layer graphene (SLG) by means of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The simulations show that Ag, Cu, and Au clusters exhibit a super-diffusive pattern characterized by long jumps, which can be explained by the flat potential energy landscape (PEL) (corrugation of a few tens of meV) encountered by those clusters on SLG. Pd dimers, instead, diffuse in a pattern that is reminiscent of conventional random walk, which is consistent with a significantly rougher PEL of the order of 100 meV. Moreover, our data show that all clusters exhibit diffusion mechanisms that include both concerted translation and rotation. The overall results of the present study provide key insights for modeling the growth of metal layers and nanostructures on graphene and other van der Waals materials, which is a prerequisite for the directed growth of multifunctional metal contacts in a broad range of enabling devices.
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- 2021
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25. Anomalous versus Normal Room-Temperature Diffusion of Metal Adatoms on Graphene.
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Gervilla V, Zarshenas M, Sangiovanni DG, and Sarakinos K
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Fabrication of high-performance heterostructure devices requires fundamental understanding of the diffusion dynamics of metal species on 2D materials. Here, we investigate the room-temperature diffusion of Ag, Au, Cu, Pd, Pt, and Ru adatoms on graphene using ab initio and classical molecular dynamics simulations. We find that Ag, Au, Cu, and Pd follow Lévy walks, in which adatoms move continuously within ∼1-4 nm
2 domains during ∼0.04 ns timeframes, and they occasionally perform ∼2-4 nm flights across multiple surface adsorption sites. This anomalous diffusion pattern is associated with a flat (<50 meV) potential energy landscape (PEL), which renders surface vibrations important for adatom migration. The latter is not the case for Pt and Ru, which encounter a significantly rougher PEL (>100 meV) and, hence, migrate via conventional random walks. Thus, adatom anomalous diffusion is a potentially important aspect for modeling growth of metal films and nanostructures on 2D materials.- Published
- 2020
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26. Incidence and Determinants of Caesarean Section in Shiraz, Iran.
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Zarshenas M, Zhao Y, Binns CW, and Scott JA
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Incidence, Iran epidemiology, Parturition, Pregnancy, Young Adult, Cesarean Section statistics & numerical data, Delivery, Obstetric
- Abstract
The rate of Caesarean section (CS) without medical indication has increased markedly worldwide in the past decades. This study reports the incidence of CS and identifies the determinants of elective and emergency CS as separate pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of Iranian women. Mothers ( n = 700) of healthy, full-term infants were recruited from five maternity hospitals in Shiraz. The association between maternal socio-demographic and biomedical factors with mode of delivery was explored using multivariable, multinomial logistic regression. Most mothers underwent either an elective (35.4%) or emergency (34.7%) CS. After adjustment, women were more likely to deliver by elective CS than vaginally if they were older (≥30 year) compared to younger mothers (<25 year) (Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) 2.22; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.28, 3.84), and had given birth at a private hospital (RRR 3.64; 95% CI 1.79, 7.38). Compared to those educated to primary or lower secondary level, university educated women were more likely to have undergone an elective (RRR 2.65; 95% CI 1.54, 4.58) or an emergency CS (RRR 3.92; 95% CI 2.27, 6.78) than a vaginal delivery. Similarly, overweight or obese women were more likely than healthy weight women to have undergone an elective (RRR 1.91; 95% CI 1.27, 2.87) or an emergency CS (RRR 2.02; 95% CI 1.35, 3.02) than a vaginal delivery. Specialist education of obstetricians and midwives along with financial incentives paid to private hospitals to encourage natural delivery may help in the reduction of unnecessary CS in Iran. In addition, to increase their childbirth knowledge and self-efficacy, pregnant women need to have the opportunity to attend purposefully designed antenatal childbirth preparation classes where they receive evidence-based information on natural childbirth and alternative methods of pain control, as well as the risks and indications for CS.
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- 2020
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27. Determinants of Breastfeeding Duration in Shiraz, Southwest Iran.
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Zarshenas M, Zhao Y, Scott JA, and Binns CW
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- Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Iran, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, Breast Feeding, Mothers, Postpartum Period
- Abstract
A prospective cohort study was conducted in Shiraz in the south west of Iran to investigate breastfeeding from birth to six months of age. Mothers were recruited in a face-to-face interview within 48 h of giving birth in three public and two private hospitals (n = 700). They were then followed-up at 4, 12, 16, and 26 weeks postpartum in local Maternal and Child Health Clinics. Upon being discharge from hospital, 98.7% of mothers were breastfeeding and 74.3% were 'fully' breastfeeding, but only 29.9% of mothers had breastfed 'exclusively' since birth. The median duration of 'full' breastfeeding was 13 weeks and less than 1 week for exclusive breastfeeding. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression, after adjustment, shorter durations of 'exclusive', 'full', and 'any' breastfeeding were associated with the introduction of a pacifier. The in-hospital use of formula and prelacteal feeds were also associated with a shorter duration of full and any breastfeeding. Breastfeeding on demand at 3 months and beyond was associated with a longer duration of breastfeeding. The risk factors associated with the premature discontinuation of breastfeeding identified in this study are all related to the "Ten steps to successful breastfeeding" and the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). The principles that the BFHI provide are reaffirmed in this study as the basis for future breastfeeding promotion programs.
- Published
- 2020
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28. The Severity of Post-abortion Stress in Spontaneous, Induced and Forensic Medical Center Permitted Abortion in Shiraz, Iran, in 2018.
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Alipanahpour S, Zarshenas M, Ghodrati F, and Akbarzadeh M
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Background: Abortion and loss of pregnancy in the first trimester may affect maternal mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to determine the severity of post-abortion stress in spontaneous abortion, induced abortion, and Forensic Medical Center (FMC) referral abortions immediately after abortion and after 1 month of follow-up in Shiraz, Iran, in 2018., Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 mothers selected through convenience sampling method in 2018. The data collection tools included a demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Mississippi Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (M-PTSD) Scale that were filled out by mothers immediately and 1 month after the abortion. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD test in SPSS software. Moreover, p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant., Results: The mean (SD) of post-traumatic stress scores was 83.87 (18.35) and 77.40 (9.88) in spontaneous abortion, 82.28 (13.27) and 75.71 (14.73) in FMC permitted abortions, and 86.66 (10.10) and 74.98 (12.99) in induced abortions immediately and 1 month after abortion, respectively. Stress was reduced in the three groups of mothers, after one month of severe value. The score for frequency of stress was 3.10% in FMC-permitted abortions and 5.10% in induced abortions; moreover, no stress was observed in the spontaneous abortion cases., Conclusions: Stress was gradually reduced over time. The level of PTSD was lower after 1 month in women who had experienced spontaneous abortion. Given that 1 month after abortion, women are still often moderately stressed, follow-up care, and appropriate counseling for these women are necessary., Competing Interests: Nothing to declare., (Copyright: © 2019 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research.)
- Published
- 2019
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29. Determinants of in-hospital feeding practices in Shiraz, Iran: Results of a prospective cohort study.
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Zarshenas M, Zhao Y, Binns CW, and Scott JA
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- Adult, Breast Feeding psychology, Cesarean Section statistics & numerical data, Female, Hospitals, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Iran, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, Young Adult, Breast Feeding statistics & numerical data, Cesarean Section psychology, Feeding Behavior psychology, Infant Formula statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: In-hospital feeding practices have been shown negatively to affect breastfeeding exclusivity and duration. The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence and determinants of delayed breastfeeding, provision of traditional prelacteal foods, and use of infant formula in hospital., Methods: Between June 2014 and March 2015, 700 women were recruited from three public and two private maternity hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. Data were collected at recruitment via face-to-face interviews and extracted from medical records. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the association of feeding practices with a variety of maternal characteristics and hospital practices., Results: Only 32.2% of infants were breastfed within 1 hour of birth, with 40.8% receiving a traditional prelacteal food, and 34.9% given formula during their hospital stay. Compared with infants delivered vaginally, those delivered by cesarean were more likely to have experienced delayed breastfeeding and received formula, but less likely to have received traditional prelacteal foods. Infants who did not experience skin-to-skin contact were more likely to have experienced delayed breastfeeding and received traditional prelacteal foods and formula in hospital., Conclusions: Although four out of the five hospitals were designated as Baby-Friendly, several of the 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding were not adhered to. The high rate of cesarean delivery was a barrier to the early initiation of breastfeeding and the majority of infants did not experience early skin-to-skin contact. Maternity care practices should be reviewed and include a clear breastfeeding care plan for women who undergo a cesarean delivery., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2019
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30. Baby-friendly hospital practices are associated with duration of full breastfeeding in primiparous but not multiparous Iranian women.
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Zarshenas M, Zhao Y, Binns CW, and Scott JA
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- Adult, Birth Weight, Cesarean Section, Female, Guideline Adherence, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Infant, Iran, Postpartum Period, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, World Health Organization, Breast Feeding, Hospitals, Maternity organization & administration, Parity
- Abstract
There is evidence that the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) results in improved breastfeeding outcomes in Western countries, but little is known of its impact in Middle-Eastern countries. This study investigated the impact of BFHI practices on duration of full breastfeeding in a cohort of 700 Iranian mothers recruited between June 2014 and March 2015 from maternity hospitals in Shiraz and followed-up prospectively for 6 months. At baseline, mothers self-reported exposure to 7 of the BFHI Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (Steps 3 to 9). Data on breastfeeding outcomes were collected at baseline, 1, 3, 4, and 6 months postpartum. Cox regression analysis was conducted to determine the impact of individual and cumulative BFHI Steps on the duration of full breastfeeding, defined as the number of weeks since discharge that an infant received only breast milk and no complementary formula or food. Mothers reported experiencing on average 3.9 (SD 1.13, range 1 to 7) Steps, and only 28% of infants were fully breastfed at 6 months. There was a protective inverse relationship for primiparous (p for trend = .022) but not multiparous mothers (p for trend = .069), between the number of Steps a woman was exposed to and the likelihood of her discontinuing full breastfeeding within 6 months postpartum. Greater exposure to BFHI practices potentially could increase primiparous mothers' chances of fully breastfeeding to 6 months. Continual monitoring of the BFHI Steps and repeated education of healthcare staff are required to ensure that Iranian mothers receive adequate breastfeeding support., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The myrtus communis L. solution versus ketoconazole shampoo in treatment of dandruff: A double blinded randomized clinical trial.
- Author
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Chaijan MR, Handjani F, Zarshenas M, Rahimabadi MS, and Tavakkoli A
- Subjects
- Adult, Antifungal Agents adverse effects, Dandruff complications, Double-Blind Method, Erythema etiology, Female, Hair Preparations therapeutic use, Humans, Ketoconazole adverse effects, Male, Patient Satisfaction, Plant Preparations adverse effects, Pruritus etiology, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Dandruff drug therapy, Ketoconazole therapeutic use, Myrtus, Phytotherapy adverse effects, Plant Preparations therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of myrtus communis L. solution in the treatment of dandruff and to compare it with ketoconazole., Methods: This double-blind randomised clinical trial was conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from December 2015 to August 2016, and comprised patients with dandruff aged 18-60 years visiting the dermatology out-patient clinic. The subjects were randomised into two equal groups. The treatment group received myrtus communis L. solution and a placebo shampoo, while the control group received ketoconazole shampoo and a placebo solution. The total duration of the study for each subject was one month and subjects in both groups used their respective interventions 8 times during that period. The parameters studied were pruritus, erythema, severity of scaling, and the extent of scalp involvement. All subjects underwent scalp scaling tests at the beginning, after 10 days and at the end of the 30th day. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis., Results: Of the 90 individuals, there were 45(50%) in each of the two groups. However, 74(82%) subjects completed the third visit and, of them, there were 37(50%) in each group. Both groups showed significant improvement in all outcome measures (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of efficacy, satisfaction rate and side effects (p>0.05 for each outcome)., Conclusions: Myrtus solution was found to be effective in the treatment of dandruff.
- Published
- 2018
32. Incidence and Risk Factors of Mastitis in Shiraz, Iran: Results of a Cohort Study.
- Author
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Zarshenas M, Zhao Y, Poorarian S, Binns CW, and Scott JA
- Subjects
- Adult, Breast Feeding statistics & numerical data, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Iran epidemiology, Mastitis etiology, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Social Support, Time Factors, Young Adult, Breast Feeding adverse effects, Mastitis epidemiology, Mothers psychology, Mothers statistics & numerical data, Nipples injuries, Postnatal Care standards
- Abstract
Background: Approximately one in five Western women who breastfeed are likely to experience acute mastitis. This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of acute mastitis in a cohort of Iranian women., Subjects and Methods: Subjects were 672 participants of the Shiraz Infant Feeding Study conducted between June 2014 and March 2015. Mothers were recruited from the maternity ward and followed up at 1, 3, 4, and 6 months postpartum to obtain information on their breastfeeding practices and experiences. The occurrence of acute mastitis in the first 26 weeks postpartum was self-reported and the occurrence of acute mastitis in the first 4 weeks and between 5 and 12 weeks postpartum was treated as separate outcomes. The risk factors for acute mastitis were explored using multivariable logistic regression analysis., Results: In total, 130 mothers (19.3%, 95% confidence interval: 16.3-22.3%) experienced at least one episode of acute mastitis. Having expressed breast milk and use of a pacifier were significantly associated with acute mastitis in both the first 4 weeks and between 5 and 12 weeks postpartum. Persistent problems with cracked or sore nipples, or engorged breasts, and a reduction in breastfeeding were associated with acute mastitis between 5 and 12 weeks., Conclusions: The incidence of acute mastitis experienced by this cohort of Iranian women is similar to that reported for women in Western countries. The risk factors of acute mastitis identified in this study are potentially modifiable and could be prevented or ameliorated with adequate support and anticipatory guidance provided in the early postpartum period.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Fingerprints, Pharmaceutical and Radical Scavenging Activity Evaluation of an Alzheimer-Targeted Herbal Preparation.
- Author
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Dabaghian F, Khademian S, Azadi A, and Zarshenas M
- Abstract
Background: As the most common form of dementia, Alzheimer disease is characterized by progressive loss of memory and deterioration of cognitive functions. It is predicted that about 75.63 million people would suffer from dementia by 2030. Apart from conventional remedies, the application of herbal medicines is on the rise. There are numerous natural medicaments reported in the traditional manuscript of Persian medicine. Accordingly, in the present study, the intended remedy was selected and an appropriate pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical evaluations were performed., Methods: By searching through the traditional pharmaceutical manuscripts such as Qarabadeen-e-Salehi, Qarabadeen-e-Azam, Qarabadeen-e-Ghaderi and Canon of Medicine, a simple but proven compound remedy (frankincense and black pepper) was selected. A floating tablet was designed and formulated from those herbal components. Related pharmaceutical assessments such as weight variation, hardness, friability, and disintegration tests as well as pharmacognostical evaluations such as microscopic characterization, TLC, GC/MS, FT/IR fingerprints, and radical scavenging activity assessment (DPPH) were performed., Results: The resulting formulation, as a floating tablet, included 60% of frankincense gum and 15% of black pepper along with appropriate pharmaceutical ingredients (weight variation: 0.219±0.004 g, hardness: 6.50±0.67, friability: 0.45%, disintegration time >30 min). Microscopic characterization demonstrated stone cells, calcium oxalate crystals, sclereids of endocarp and pitted cells of mesocarp of pepper fruits as well as oil drops of frankincense gum. TLC fingerprinting showed classes of secondary metabolites related to both components. GC/MS analysis revealed Acetyl acetate and trans-Caryophyllene as the main constituent. Moderate radical scavenging activity (IC
50 >100 µg/ml) was calculated for the methanol extract of tablets., Conclusion: Carrying out and validating a GC method for standardization of the formulated tablet, and having the structure for the effectiveness of these medicinal herbs in Alzheimer may be the horizon for a new Alzheimer-targeted medicine.- Published
- 2016
34. Comparison of the Effect of Vaginal Zataria multiflora Cream and Oral Metronidazole Pill on Results of Treatments for Vaginal Infections including Trichomoniasis and Bacterial Vaginosis in Women of Reproductive Age.
- Author
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Abdali K, Jahed L, Amooee S, Zarshenas M, Tabatabaee H, and Bekhradi R
- Subjects
- Administration, Intravaginal, Administration, Oral, Female, Humans, Metronidazole administration & dosage, Ointments, Tablets, Treatment Outcome, Trichomonas Vaginitis microbiology, Vaginosis, Bacterial microbiology, Lamiaceae chemistry, Metronidazole therapeutic use, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Reproduction, Trichomonas Vaginitis drug therapy, Vaginosis, Bacterial drug therapy
- Abstract
Effect of Zataria multiflora on bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis is shown in vivo and in vitro. We compare the effectiveness of Zataria multiflora cream and oral metronidazole pill on results of treatment for vaginal infections including Trichomonas and bacterial vaginosis; these infections occur simultaneously. The study included 420 women with bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, or both infections together, who were randomly divided into six groups. Criteria for diagnosis were wet smear and Gram stain. Vaginal Zataria multiflora cream and placebo pill were administered to the experiment groups; the control group received oral metronidazole pill and vaginal placebo cream. Comparison of the clinical symptoms showed no significant difference in all three vaginitis groups receiving metronidazole pill and vaginal Zataria multiflora cream. However, comparison of the wet smear test results was significant in patients with trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis associated with trichomoniasis in the two treatment groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01). Vaginal Zataria multiflora cream had the same effect of oral metronidazole tablets in improving clinical symptoms of all three vaginitis groups, as well as the treatment for bacterial vaginosis. It can be used as a drug for treatment of bacterial vaginosis and elimination of clinical symptoms of Trichomonas vaginitis.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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