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The purpose of the present study was to study the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in enhancing the numerical calculations, comprehension, and production abilities of students with special learning disabilities in the subject of mathematics. The current study employs a quasi-experimental design. Students who were referred to the four centers for learning disabilities in Rasht in 2019 (Dehkhoda 1 and 2, Shahid Yaghoubi, and Shahid Eskandari) comprised the statistical population of the study. A sampling method that was readily accessible was utilized, with a sample size of 30 males. The participants were divided into two groups of 15 (experimental and control) at random. To this end, the group “Experiment” underwent a 12-session cognitive rehabilitation intervention of memory and attention utilizing software (ARAM).Data for the pre-test and post-test phases were collected using the Key Math Scale (KMDT), RAVEN intelligence test (RCPM), Academic Achievement and Mathematical Diagnosis Test (SATDMA), and Mathematical Reinforcement Training Program Based on Intervention Response Model (MRTPBIRP).Multivariate covariance and SPSS-22 software were utilized to analyze the data. Students with special learning disabilities have demonstrated an increase in the utilization of numerical comprehension, numerical production, and numerical calculation as components of their cognitive rehabilitation in mathematics, according to the findings. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation programs have been effective in improving comprehension, production and numerical calculations and can be used as part of empowerment programs in the field of education.

The evaluation of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) constitutes an invaluable tool for the management and protection of groundwater resources. This study attempted to estimate Ks in the shallow aquifer of Kabul City, Afghanistan, in response to the occurring groundwater crisis caused by overexploitation and a lack of an appropriate monitoring system on pumping wells, based on datasets from well drilling logs, various analytical methods for pumping test analyses, and laboratory-based methodologies. The selection of Ks estimation methods was influenced by data availability and various established equations, including Theis, developed by Cooper–Jacob, Kruger, Zamarin, Zunker, Sauerbrei, and Chapuis, and pre-determined Ks values dedicated to well log segments exhibited the highest correlation coefficients, ranging between 60% and 75%, with the real conditions of the phreatic aquifer system with respect to the drawdown rate map. The results successfully obtained local-specific quantitative Ks value ranges for gravel, sand, silt, clay, and conglomerate. The obtained results fall within the high range of Ks classification, ranging from 30.0 to 139.8 m per day (m/d) on average across various calculation methods. This study proved that the combination of pumping test results, predetermined values derived from empirical and laboratory approaches, geological description, and classified soil materials and analyses constitutes reliable Ks values through cost-effective and accessible results compared with conducting expensive tests in arid and semi-arid areas.

Study region: Zohreh River Basin, Southwest Iran Study focus: The salinity of Zohreh River sharply increases in three salinity zones (SZs) along the river named SZ1, SZ2 (the focus of this study), and SZ3. Determining the salinity sources and salinization mechanism using an integrated approach including geological, hydrochemical, isotopic, geophysical, river sinuosity and hydrocarbon analysis are the main objectives of this study. The study focuses on the combination of evidence of regional-scale (i.e., river sinuosity and seismic data) and small-scale (i.e., drilling core analysis). New hydrologic insights for the region: Among several known sources of river salinity, it was found that the water quality of the Zohreh River is mainly threatened by the salt-bearing Gachsaran Formation and oil-field brine. It is concluded that halite brine and oil-field brine simultaneously cause the salinization in SZ2, and their contributions were delineated to be 95% and 5%, respectively. The lack of reliable geological evidence to support halite dissolution in surficial layers by circulating waters suggests the possibility of a deep source of halite brine in SZ2. The results revealed that deep halite brine of the salt layers of Gachsaran Formation is mainly responsible for the salinization of SZ2. The mechanism of deep brine penetration to the river through the hidden fault failures detected by the combination of river sinuosity analysis and geophysical data for the first time.

It is widely accepted that spring hydrographs are an effective tool for evaluating the internal structure of karst aquifers because they depict the response of the whole aquifer to recharge events. The spring hydrograph is affected by various factors such as flow regime, geometry, type of recharge, and hydraulic properties of conduit. However, the effect of conduit network geometry received less attention and required more comprehensive research studies. The present study attempted to highlight the impact of the two most frequent patterns of karst conduits (i.e., branchwork and network maze) on the characteristic of the spring hydrograph. Therefore, two conduit patterns, branchwork and network maze, were randomly generated with MATLAB codes. Then, MODFLOW-CFP was used to quantify the effect of conduit pattern, conduit density, and diffuse or concentrated recharge on the spring hydrograph. Results reveal that peak discharge, fast-flow recession coefficient, and the return time to baseflow are mainly affected by conduit network pattern, conduit network density, and recharge, respectively. In contrast, the time to reach peak flow only reacts to recharge conditions. Large variations in conduit density produce tangible changes in the baseflow recession coefficient.

Assessing the spatial distribution of recharge in karstified terrains is very important for water management and protection, but it is a complex issue due to the complexity of natural conditions and water movement in karst areas, and the application of conventional methods has not provided satisfactory results in these terrains. The KARSTLOP method is a new technique to display the spatial distribution map of recharge and arrive at the statistical mean value of the recharge in a watershed. The purpose of this study was modelling the spatial distribution of recharge using the KARSTLOP method in the Tangekhosh Watershed of Bushehr Province. The zoning map of recharge areas was prepared using the KARSTLOP method in the ArcGIS software. The results were compared with the geomorphologic map of the surface karst and the height of recharge estimated by the altitudinal isotopic gradient in order to evaluate the model's accuracy in estimating the values of recharge. Altitudinal isotopic gradient was drawn using the isotopic content of precipitation samples and the height of the sampling points during the 2016–2017 period. Digital recharge map obtained by the KARSTLOP method was shown that 45 percentage of the watershed areas had more than 60 percentage of the recharge, which corresponded to the limestone formations that contained a maximum density of the karstic landforms. The height of the recharge points of the Dovin Sarmastan, Ganavi and Tangekhosh springs was estimated at 395, 376 and 429 meters, respectively, using the altitudinal isotopic gradient method, which were placed in the altitude range of 350-550 meter and it contains the maximum recharge zone (76 to 86 percentage) of the KARSTLOP method. The comparison of the KARSTLOP recharge map with that of the recharge height of the springs using the altitudinal isotopic gradient indicated that the KARSTLOP method performed acceptably in determining the maximum recharge range and the spatial distribution of recharge in the Tangkhosh Watershed.

The Curve Number (SCS-CN) method, one of the most widely used methods for estimating runoff in hydrology, has been developed by soil conservation services. The application of SCS equation in Iran may be mixed with considerable errors due to different climatological, geological, and hydrological characteristics. In addition, the other cause of error in this method is the relationship between Ia and S (Equation 2), which is experimental and has been taken from rainwater data in small laboratories (Anonymous, 1972). This relationship can be criticized in terms of the document and was examined in various studies of its accuracy and application (Bo et al., 2011, Shi et al., 2009, Baltas et al., 2007, Mishra et al ., 2006,2004, Hawkins et al., 2002), In order to calibrate the SCS equation and evaluation in empirical relations, Pasekohak catchment was selected. Pasekohak basin includes four sub-basins where flood runoff was gauged during five flood events. Curve Number (CN) for the sub-basins was estimated according to the remote sensing, geological maps, and field works. The real hydrograph for each event was compared with SCS hydrograph in HEC-HMS software, and the calibration and correction of SCS coefficients were conducted. The results suggest a correction coefficient of 0.92 for SCSLag, the average ratio of Ia/S is 0.044, which is completely different from 0.2 in SCS. The CN in the study area is 0.41 of CN provided by SCS.

Acceptance and commitment therapy is a third generation chronic pain therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on catastrophic and disabling pain in chronic pelvic pain in females. This investigation is a randomized clinical trial. Twenty-two (n=22) chronic pelvic pain female patients were selected on the basis of clinical interview in Alzahra and Isfahan Noor Hospitals and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Acceptance and commitment group therapy was administered to the experimental group in eight 90-minute sessions and the control group did not receive any therapy. Pre-test, post-test and a two months follow-up scores on catastrophic and disabling pain questionnaires were administered to the two groups The result of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that acceptance and commitment group therapy had a significant effect of catastrophic and disabling pain in chronic pelvic pain in female patients in the experimental group as compared to the control group (p<0/05). The difference in the two-month follow-up period remained stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents the main features and current state of an e-learning portal, called KumuCloud, (Kumu in Hawaiian language means "Teacher"). The main objective of this e-Learning Portal web site "www.KumuCloud.org" is to introduce a user friendly web based portal which helps the students to get high quality education material very quickly at anywhere and anytime. KumuCloud supports different types of media, such as videos, text, and slides. Student around the world are able to access course lecturer materials on many different fields of study free of charge. The supported video lectures/ text/ slides are selected through a review process and later are ranked by the users. The main benefit is that users can have access to the best open access materials which are collected from anywhere around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a synthetic modeling approach is proposed to quantify the effect of the amount and direction of the exchange flow on the karstic spring discharge fluctuations under different hydrologic conditions corresponding to high and low flow conditions. We hypothesis that the spring discharge fluctuations constitute a valuable proxy to understand the internal processes of the karst system. An ensemble of spring hydrographs was synthetically produced to highlight the effect of exchange flow by exploring the plausible range of variability of coefficients of exchange flow, conduit diameter, and matrix hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, the change of the rate of point recharge through the karst conduit allows for the quantifying of the sensibility of the spring hydrograph to the directions of exchange flow. We show that increasing the point recharge lies to a remarkable linear recession coefficient (β) as an indication of the conduit flow regime. However, a reduction in and/or lack of the point recharge caused the recession coefficient to change to exponential (α) due to the dominant effect of the matrix restrained flow regime and/or conduit-influenced flow regime. The simulations highlight that the exchange flow process from the conduit to the matrix occurred in a short period and over a restricted part of the conduit flow regime (CFR). Conversely, the exchange flow dumped from the matrix to the conduit occurs as a long-term process. A conceptual model is introduced to compare spring hydrographs’ characteristics (i.e., the peak discharge, the volume of baseflow, and the slope of the recession curve) under the various flow conditions with the directions of the exchange flow between the conduit and the matrix.

The Salman Farsi Dam was constructed on the Ghareh-Aghaj river in the catchment of the Asmari limestone aquifer, Changal Anticline, Zagros region, Iran. In order to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, combination of geoelectrical (i.e., bulk resistivity of the aquifer) and hydrophysical (i.e., electrical conductivity of groundwater) data are used as an alternative approach. Porosity of the aquifer is estimated based on the modified form of Archie’s empirical law assuming well-cemented carbonate rocks. Formation resistivity factor and critical pore size of the Asmari limestone aquifer are used for estimating the hydraulic conductivity on the small scale based on the Thompson Equation. The results suggest an average porosity and hydraulic conductivity of 14.4 % and 0.016 m/day, respectively. The estimated value for hydraulic conductivity is smaller than values previously determined for the aquifer, based on tracer, pumping and Lugeon tests. Comparison of the hydraulic conductivity obtained by different methods revealed scale effect of hydraulic conductivity measurements in the Asmari limestone aquifer. As a result, application of the geoelectrical and hydrophysical data can provide a cost-effective and efficient alternative to estimate hydraulic conductivity in karst aquifers on the small scale. Keywords: hydraulic conductivity, Karst, Scale effect, Vertical electrical sounding, Iran. Uporaba geoelektričnih podatkov za oceno hidravlične prevodnosti in učinka merila v kraškem vodonosnika Jez Salman Farsi je postavljen na reku Ghareh-Aghaj v območju kraškega vodonosnika Asmari, ki pripada antiklinali Changal v gorovju Zagros, Iran. Hidravlično prevodnost vodonosnika smo ocenili z kombinacijo meritev celokupne električne upornosti vodonosnika in električne prevodnosti podzemne vode. Ocena poroznosti je temeljila na prilagojeni obliki Archiejevega empiričnega zakona, pri čemer smo predpostavili dobro cementirane karbonate. Iz upornosti formacije in kritične velikosti por smo s Thompsonovo enačbo izračunali hidravlično prevodnost v majhnem merilu. Dobljena povprečna poroznost tako znaša 14,4 %, povprečna prevodnost pa 0.016 m/dan. Vrednosti hidravlične prevodnosti so precej manjše of prej dobljenih vrednosti iz sledilnih, črpalnih in Lugeonovih poskusov, kar kaže na pomemben učinek merila v obravnavanem vodonosniku. Raziskava med drugim kaže na primernost geoelektričnih in hidrofizikalnih podatkov za stroškovno ugodno oceno hidravlične prevodnosti v majhnem merilu. Ključne besede: Hidravlična prevodnost, kras, učinek merila, vertikalno električno sondiranje, Iran.