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El Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) ha ido evolucionando con los años, con las aportaciones que Kaplan y Norton y con los trabajos realizados por la comunidad científica, con revisiones de la literatura y cubriendo un amplio espectro de estudios de caso. Durante sus primeros años de existencia, el CMI no dejó de ser algo novedoso que planteaba muchas dudas en cuanto a su aplicación práctica, recibiendo críticas sobre su validez, y sujeto a permanentes revisiones por parte de Kaplan y Norton, a través de sus libros y artículos, hasta conformar un marco teórico sólido. Es a partir de entonces, 2005, cuando resueltas muchas dudas y con cierta experiencia en su aplicación en el mundo empresarial, el número de publicaciones inicia su despegue con un crecimiento constante, hasta llegar a 2014, donde tiene lugar un punto de inflexión con un crecimiento mucho más acusado, publicándose entre dicho año y 2020 el 52,40% del total de artículos desde 1992. De hecho, Madsen & Stenheim (2015) ya remarcaban el alto grado de implantación del CMI en multinacionales a nivel mundial, ratificando que éste había dejado de ser una moda pasajera, como algunos autores habían denunciado en su momento (Norreklit, 2000). Las preguntas planteadas en esta investigación, centradas en la aportación al estado del arte y a su aplicación práctica en el mundo de la empresa son: ¿es el CMI una herramienta de gestión realmente útil a la hora de trasladar la estrategia de la empresa a lo largo de toda la organización?, ¿sigue siendo el CMI una herramienta que mantiene el interés de la comunidad científica o se trata de una moda pasajera?, ¿siguen los profesores Kaplan y Norton manteniendo su liderazgo como los autores de referencia sobre este tema?, ¿de qué manera esta investigación en su conjunto puede contribuir a enriquecer el conocimiento existente sobre el CMI, su implantación y desarrollo en las empresas?, y ¿qué pueden aportar los resultados obtenidos y cómo pueden éstos ayudar a otros directivos, d

Ponencias realizadas en el marco I Jornada de Enoturismo de la Universidad de Alicante, celebrada el 18 de octubre de 2024.

Ponencias realizadas en el marco de la III Jornada de Economía y Dirección de Empresas Vitivinícolas de la Universidad de Alicante, celebrada el 17 de octubre del 2024.

Ponencias realizadas en el marco del Ist International Conference on Food and Wine Tourism Strategic Management for Sustainable Regional Development, celebrado en la Universidad de Alicante del 9 al 11 de octubre del 2024.

Reunión de profesionales, académicos y representantes institucionales del sector vinícola.

Wine tourism is increasingly considered as a strategic element in the wine producing countries of the Old World. In the case of Spain, several researchers have studied the role of wine routes in boosting the competitiveness of a territory, increasing wine production, improving the quality of life of citizens and the respect for the environment. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous studies that have analyzed in a unified way the wine routes of the Region of Valencia, that is, the wine routes of Alicante and Utiel-Requena. To overcome this research gap, the study comparably analyzes these wine routes in terms of attracting wine tourists and the economic impact generated in the period 2017-2021, also relativizing the data to the average of the total Spanish wine routes. The results of the research show that both routes attract a lower number of wine tourists than the average of the Spanish wine routes. In addition, it should be noted that the Utiel-Requena route generated a higher economic impact compared to the Alicante wine route between 2017-2019, with this trend reversing in 2019. This study, therefore, contributes to the improvement of scientific knowledge in several ways, given that, first, the research provides new knowledge in the field of wine tourism in Spain and, second, there are no previous studies that have analyzed in a unified way the wine routes in the Region of Valencia., El enoturismo es considerado cada vez más un elemento estratégico en los países productores vinícolas del Viejo Mundo. Para el caso de España, varios investigadores han estudiado el papel de las rutas del vino para impulsar la competitividad de un territorio, aumentar la producción de vino, mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos y el respeto al medio ambiente. Sin embargo, hasta donde alcanza nuestro conocimiento, no existen estudios previos que hayan analizado de forma unificada las rutas del vino de la Comunidad Valenciana, es decir, las rutas del vino de Alicante y Utiel-Requena. Para superar este vacío en el conocimiento científico, el estudio analiza de forma comparada dichas rutas del vino en términos de atracción de enoturistas y de impacto económico generado en el periodo 2017-2021, relativizando además los datos a la media del total de rutas del vino españolas. Los resultados de la investigación ponen de manifiesto que ambas rutas atraen un número de enoturistas inferior a la media de las rutas del vino españolas. Además, cabe destacar que la ruta Utiel-Requena generó un impacto económico superior en comparación con la ruta del vino de Alicante entre 2017-2019, invirtiéndose esta tendencia en 2019. La presente investigación contribuye, por tanto, a la mejora del conocimiento científico de varias maneras, dado que, en primer lugar, la investigación aporta nuevos conocimientos al ámbito del enoturismo en España y, en segundo lugar, no existen estudios previos que hayan analizado de forma unificada las rutas del vino pertenecientes a la Comunidad Valenciana.

Integration of the environment into business is now a reality that requires structural changes. This includes adopting eco-innovations in products, production processes, and business management to achieve competitive survival. Previous studies suggest that eco-innovation is driven by external pressures from legislators, stakeholders, technology, markets, and rivals. However, the literature lacks information on the internal mechanisms that drive and transform external pressures into eco-innovations. This research aims to discuss the mediating role of environmental strategy in the relationship between external pressures and eco-innovation. Based on data from 102 Spanish footwear companies, the study proposes a model of structural equations. The results indicate that proactive environmental strategy is the internal mechanism required to integrate profitable eco-innovation into the firm in response to environmental pressures. This finding highlights the importance of taking a holistic perspective and integrating environmental considerations into business management, and these findings have implications for managers and policy makers.

The present study investigates the influence of green human resource management (GHRM) on green ambidexterity innovation (GAI) within Spanish wineries, examining the mediating effect of Green Intellectual Capital (GIC) and the moderating role of Top Management Environmental Awareness (TMEA). Building on existing literature, a conceptual model was developed and tested using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with data collected from 196 Spanish wineries between September 2022 and January 2023. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between GHRM and GAI, with GIC partially mediating and TMEA positively moderating this relationship. The originality of this study lies in its empirical testing of the proposed model, addressing a previously unexplored area in the field. These results provide valuable insights for both academia and industry, highlighting the importance of integrating environmental considerations into human resource practices to foster innovation and sustainability.

This research analyzes how organizational ambidexterity (OA) affects sustainable performance in the Spanish wine industry, as well as the catalytic role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and knowledge management infrastructure (KMI) on these variables. For this purpose, a theoretical model is elaborated based on the literature review carried out, which is contrasted following a quantitative approach by means of structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with primary data collected from 202 Spanish wineries between September 2021 and January 2022. The research results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between OA and sustainable performance. Likewise, OA partially mediates the CSR-sustainable performance and KMI-sustainable performance relationship. Thus, the present research contributes to the literature in several ways. First, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous studies that have analyzed the effect of OA on sustainable performance in the wine context, which represents an opportunity to advance scientific knowledge. Second, to our knowledge, there is no previous scientific production that has analyzed what may be the triggers of OA. Third, the proposed theoretical model has not been addressed previously, so that, through the research, a new way of understanding the improvement in the economic, social and environmental performance of wineries is formulated [EconLit Citations: L66, 03, M1].

Purpose – This research focuses on analysing the effect of wine tourism on green product and process innovations developed by Spanish wineries. In addition, age, size and membership in a protected designation of origin (PDO) are introduced as control variables to increase the precision of the cause–effect relationship analysed. Design/methodology/approach – The study proposes a conceptual model based on previous studies, which is tested using structural equations (partial least squares structural equation modelling [PLS-SEM]) with data collected from 202 Spanish wineries. Findings – The research results show that wine tourism activity has a positive and significant influence on green product and process innovation. Originality/value – The research contributes to the academic literature in several ways. First, the study advances knowledge and understanding of the benefits generated by wine tourism. Second, the research contributes to the literature that analyses the wine tourism–sustainability link, since it is predicted that this type of tourism can increase the capacity for green innovation. Third, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no previous research that has analysed wine tourism as a catalytic variable for green innovation. Fourth, the proposed theoretical model has not been previously addressed in the academic literature, so the study represents an important advance in scientific knowledge.

Purpose – The research focuses on analysing the effect of wine tourism (WT) on the green performance (GP) of Spanish wineries, as well as the mediating role of green intellectual capital (GIC) and the moderating effect of circular economy practices (CEPs) developed by wineries in this main relationship. In addition, age, size and protected designation of origin (PDO) membership are introduced as control variables to increase the precision of the cause–effect relationships analysed. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual model is proposed through the literature review carried out and then verified through structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) based on data obtained from a survey of 202 Spanish wineries between September 2021 and January 2022. Findings – The results of the study show that WT activity has a positive and significant effect on the GP of wineries, also demonstrating the mediating effect of GIC and the moderating role of CEPs in this relationship. Originality/value – The study contributes to the academic literature in several ways. First, to the best of our knowledge, no previous study has addressed the impact of WT on the set of wineries' ecological intangibles. Second, to the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has analysed the mediating effect of GIC on the WT-GP relationship. Third, there is no previous attempt to deal with the moderating role of CEPs in the main relationship under analysis. Fourth, the proposed theoretical model has not been previously addressed in the academic literature.

This study seeks to explore the multifaceted impacts of the Green Intellectual Capital (GIC) within viticulture enterprises on the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This endeavor holds significant academic value, as, to the best of our understanding, no prior investigations have delved into this specific correlation. The impetus for this inquiry is rooted in two foundational beliefs: firstly, that an enhanced GIC equips firms with the tools to more effectively navigate environmental hurdles; and secondly, that GIC serves as a transformative agent within entities, fostering enriched knowledge acquisition. To methodically address the stipulated aim, a qualitative methodology was employed, underpinned by a singular case study. The findings underscore the instrumental role of the three facets of GIC—Green Human Capital, Green Structural Capital, and Green Relational Capital—in facilitating the attainment of SDGs 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, and 17.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of wine tourism on the economic, social and environmental performance, i.e. the sustainable performance, of Spanish wineries. In addition, age, size and membership in the protected designation of origin are introduced as control variables to increase the precision of the cause-effect relationships analyzed. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual model is proposed, which is tested by means of structural equation modeling based on data from a survey of 202 Spanish wineries. Findings – The results indicate the existence of a positive and significant link between wine tourism activities and the three performance typologies analyzed in the Spanish wine context. Originality/value – The study contributes to the academic literature on wine tourism in a remarkable way, as, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no previous literature that has addressed the effect of wine tourism on the sustainable performance of Spanish wineries, making the study useful for both academics and wine professionals who are considering the implementation or development of this typology of tourism in their facilities.

The research aims to analyse the effect of Knowledge Management (KM) on Sustainable Performance (SP) in the wine industry context. In particular, the study investigates how SP is influenced by KM through the mediating role of Green Innovation (GI), as well as the moderating role of Collaborative Culture (CC). The research proposes a conceptual model, based on previous studies, which is tested through structural equations (PLS-SEM) with data collected from 202 Spanish wineries. The results of the research indicate that there is a positive relationship between KM and SP, with GI mediating and CC moderating this link. The originality of the research is due to the fact that, firstly, there are no previous studies that have addressed the KM-SP relationship in the wine context and, secondly, there is no previous academic literature that has used the CC variable to moderate the main relationship analysed.

This paper provides a deeper understanding to the development and implementation of a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard in the Port Authority of Cartagena, under exploratory research. Open-access documents available on different websites were used as data sources combined with semi-structured personal interviews, which took place at the highest level of the organisation from September 2021 to December 2022. The strategy developed by this government unit has changed over the years, until 2018 when a new review, led by the Planning and Management manager, established a turning point in its sustainable strategy with the introduction of the Balanced Scorecard, resulting in a major internal change for the organisation. The creation of the Strategy Planning Office, external advice from strategy-expertise consultants, IT solutions acquisition adapted to the new scenario, and several internal organisational changes, have been vital in this successful process. The Balanced Scorecard has been shown to be helpful in disseminating the sustainable strategy at all levels of the company: environmental and social actions were confined for years to the Sustainability Department, functioning as isolated actions, but now, they have reached the strategic level involving the whole organisation as part of the company's strategy. This successful process has put this organisation at the forefront of other Spanish ports, providing other port authority managers with a useful framework that can help them in their attempt to implement sustainable strategies by using the Balanced Scorecard—a framework not only valid for ports but which can also be extended to other government units.

The present research analyses how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices affect Green Innovation Performance (GIP) in the Spanish wine industry. To this end, a conceptual model is proposed and contrasted through a quantitative approach based on structural equation modeling with data collected from 202 Spanish wineries between September 2021 and January 2022. The results of the research indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between CSR and GIP. In addition, Green Intellectual Capital (GIC) and Knowledge Management (KM) partially mediate the relationship between these two variables, playing a key role in the environmental management of wineries. The present research therefore contributes to the literature in several ways. First, the study advances the understanding of CSR in the Spanish wine industry, as well as its relationship with GIP. Second, the research aims to fill a gap in the literature by studying GIC and KM as mediating variables in this link, given that, to our knowledge, there are no previous studies that have analyzed mediating variables in the CSR–GIP relationship. Third, to the best of our knowledge, the proposed model has not been previously addressed in the academic literature, which represents an advance in scientific knowledge. [EconLit citations: L66, 03, M1].

Tourism plays a fundamental role in the economy of many countries and its growth is driven by the capacity of the tourism industry to offer new products and experiences. To compete efficiently, tourism firms need to be innovative, either through increasing their efficiency or by offering new high-quality products capable of satisfying customer demands. The complexity of the tourism environment highlights the need to understand innovation patterns that contribute to improving competitiveness in tourism firms, especially in the hotel industry. Therefore, the objective of this study is twofold. First, analyze the relationship between innovation processes and competitiveness in the hotel industry. Second, study whether digitalization in the hotel industry influences the innovation-competitiveness relationship. Following an exhaustive literature review, we develop a research model with four hypotheses, which are tested through PLS on a population of 322 Spanish hotels with at least 3 stars. The results show that innovation activities alone do not increase hotel competitiveness and that hotels should digitalize their activities in order to capitalize on innovation efforts towards efficient processes and differentiated services.

Este trabajo pretende resaltar la utilidad de las metodologías activas y, en concreto, las actividades de gamificación basadas en las TICs como herramientas clave en la Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible (EDS). En el presente estudio se ha analizado el conocimiento e implicación del estudiantado de Administración y Dirección de Empresas de la Universidad de Alicante sobre los conceptos relacionados con el Desarrollo Sostenible (DS), la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Tomando como referencia el estudiantado matriculado en la asignatura de Dirección Estratégica de la Empresa en la Universidad de Alicante, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis cuantitativo de los datos recogidos en los dos cuestionarios online autoadministrados y se ha comprobado la significatividad de la utilidad de una dinámica de innovación docente realizada en el curso 2022-2023. A raíz de los resultados y conclusiones obtenidas, destacamos la utilización de un Pasapalabra online como instrumento digital útil para promover y fomentar estas competencias en el alumnado que en el futuro ocupará puestos de responsabilidad empresarial, dado el papel clave que ocupa el sector privado en este ámbito.

Under the theoretical approaches of the resource-based view of the firm, the dynamic capabilities and the knowledge-based view of the firm, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence that the knowledge management infrastructure has on knowledge creation processes in primary sector companies, specifically, the aquaculture sector. For the empirical analysis, the SEM-PLS approach was used on a sample of 186 shrimp farms in Ecuador. Results confirm that the environment and organizational structure, and culture influence knowledge creation, while technological resources are not significant. This can be explained by the characteristics of the central activities of the shrimp companies and the assignment of functions. From a theoretical point of view, this paper links the knowledge-based view of the firm with the activities of the primary sector. Specifically, a theoretical model is developed in which the variables that can influence the knowledge creation processes of shrimp farms are studied. Existing works in the scientific literature that analyze both perspectives are practically nil. From a managerial perspective, given the importance of the creation and renewal of knowledge to develop organizational capabilities in the face of the dynamism of the market, the findings of this study can guide managers to understand how the combination of resources can help increase stocks of knowledge useful to business objectives.

Business leaders play a key role in the implementation of actions leading to the achievement of the 17 SDGs. Likewise, higher education is emerging as the principal factor in developing a sense of moral responsibility amongst university business students, who will eventually become company managers and decision makers. The aim of this research is, thus, twofold. First, to analyse university business students’ perceptions of the role of business in achieving the SDGs; and second, to examine university business students’ perceptions of the relationship between greater commitment to achieving the SDGs and business benefits. The analysis was performed with a sample of 178 business-related university students. Amongst the potential contributions made by this study we can highlight the possibility of understanding future managers’ perceptions of the role of business in achieving the SDGs, as well as the benefits that companies could derive from greater commitment to achieving these SDGs and identifying areas for improvement in university education regarding sustainable development.

El enoturismo se ha erigido en los últimos años como una de las ofertas turísticas más importantes y prósperas en España. Entre sus regiones, la provincia de Alicante, a través de la Ruta del Vino de Alicante, presenta un gran potencial de desarrollo económico y sostenible a través de dicha actividad. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar en qué medida las bodegas adheridas a la Ruta del Vino de Alicante desarrollan sus actividades de enoturismo respetando las condiciones sociales, medioambientales y económicas. A través del método del caso y empleando la triangulación para incrementar la validez del estudio, la investigación pretende alcanzar dicho objetivo. Los resultados de la investigación revelan que el enoturismo representa una fuente de riqueza para las bodegas objeto de estudio, así como una herramienta efectiva para transmitir la historia local, la gastronomía y la cultura local a los turistas que llegan a sus instalaciones. Desde el plano medioambiental, destaca el compromiso de las bodegas analizadas con la adopción de acciones respetuosas con el medio que las rodea., Wine tourism has emerged in recent years as one of the most important and prosperous tourism products on offer in Spain. Among its regions, the province of Alicante and the Alicante Wine Route present great potential for economic and sustainable development. The aim of this research is to analyse the extent to which the wineries belonging to the Alicante Wine Route develop their wine tourism activities responsibly, respecting social, environmental and economic conditions. To do so, the case method has been deployed using triangulation to increase the validity of the study. The results of the research reveal that wine tourism represents a source of wealth for the wineries under study, as well as an effective tool for transmitting local history, gastronomy and local culture to the tourists who come to their facilities. From an environmental point of view, the commitment of the wineries analysed to the adoption of actions that respect the surrounding environment merits highlighting.

This research provides a deeper knowledge in the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) insight by using the bibliometric technique. The existing gap between the traditional literatura reviews and previous bibliometric studies, is covered as it is the first comprehensive analysis carried out in applying quantity, quality, and structural indicators. Web of Science Core Collection was used as the source of information, considering it the most accurate and suitable data base for these studies. This research covers the wider period-of-time possible, from 1992 to 2020, with a final sample of 771 articles in 466 reviews. Quantity indicators show the high interest that the BSC still has in the scholar’s community, pointing out Kaplan and Norton as the most productive authors,and confirming that ‘management’, ‘business’ and ‘accountability’ are its most common field of activity, although others as ‘systems’ and sustainability’ are coming to prominence; ‘Balanced Scorecard’ appears as the most remarkable keyword. Quality indicators found 32,706 citations, with Kaplan and Norton occupying again top positions as well as ‘Harvard Business Review’ as the most impacting review both in cited articles and in average. Co-citation analysis reveals the existence of a triple corecluster for articles, based on the theory, literature reviews, and case-studies.

Wine and tourism represent a perfect symbiosis, as they offer a different experience to tourists and also promote the economic, social, and environmental development of wine regions. In Spain, wine tourism is an increasingly important research field and several studies have been conducted on the role of wine routes in boosting the competitiveness of a territory, increasing wine production, improving the quality of life of citizens, and respecting the environment. However, to the best of our knowledge, the economic impact generated by these routes in Spain has not been addressed in the academic literature. To overcome this research gap, this paper aims to analyze the supply and demand of tourism activities by examining the evolution of the institutions involved in the Spanish wine routes, on the one hand, and the economic impact of these routes, on the other. The results show a sharp drop in the supply of institutions and the demand for tourist routes in 2020 as a result of COVID-19, with a decrease of 2.58% in the total number of institutions adhered to the wine routes, a decrease of 73.53% in the total number of visitors to the different Wine Routes of Spain and a decrease of 74.7% in the economic impact compared to the previous year. Likewise, the research shows the existence of differences between the Wine Routes of Spain in terms of the number of visitors and their economic impact, which could serve as a guide for managers to make investments through acquisitions and/or their own investments in wineries located on the routes with the greatest economic impact., El vino y el turismo representan una simbiosis perfecta, ya que ofrecen una experiencia diferente a los turistas, además de promover el desarrollo económico, social y medioambiental de las regiones vinícolas. En España, el enoturismo es un campo de estudio cada vez más destacado, existiendo varios estudios sobre el papel de las rutas del vino en el impulso de la competitividad de un territorio, el aumento de la producción de vino, la mejora de la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos y el respeto al medio ambiente. Sin embargo, hasta donde sabemos, el impacto económico generado por estas rutas en el país ibérico no ha sido abordado en la literatura académica. Para superar este gap de investigación, este trabajo pretende analizar la oferta y la demanda de actividades turísticas mediante el análisis de la evolución de las instituciones implicadas en las rutas del vino españolas, por un lado, y el impacto económico de estas rutas, por otro. Los resultados muestran un fuerte descenso de la oferta de instituciones y de la demanda de las rutas turísticas en 2020 como consecuencia de la COVID-19, con una disminución del 2,58% en el número total de instituciones adheridas a las rutas del vino, un descenso del 73,53% en el número total de visitantes a las diferentes Rutas del Vino de España y un descenso del 74,7% en el impacto económico respecto al año anterior. Asimismo, la investigación pone de manifiesto la existencia de diferencias entre las Rutas del Vino de España en cuanto al número de visitantes y su impacto económico, lo que podría servir de guía a los directivos para realizar inversiones mediante adquisiciones y/o inversiones propias en las bodegas ubicadas en las rutas con mayor impacto económico.

Diversas investigaciones han abordado el papel jugado por las Rutas del Vino de España para dinamizar la competitividad de un territorio, incrementar la producción vinícola, mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos y respetar el medioambiente. Sin embargo, hasta donde sabemos, el impacto de la COVID‑19 sobre dichas rutas enológicas no ha sido abordado en la literatura académica. Para superar este gap de investigación, el trabajo pretende analizar el impacto del patógeno sobre la oferta y la demanda de las actividades turísticas a través de, por un lado, el análisis de la evolución de las instituciones adheridas a las rutas del vino españolas y, por otro lado, el estudio del impacto económico de las 32 rutas que conforman dicho producto turístico., Several studies have addressed the role played by the Spanish Wine Routes in boosting the competitiveness of a territory, increasing wine production, improving the quality of life of citizens and respecting the environment. However, to our knowledge, the impact of COVID‑19 on these wine routes has not been addressed in the academic literature. In order to overcome this research gap, this paper aims to analyse the impact of the pathogen on the supply and demand of tourist activities by analysing the evolution of the institution members of the Spanish wine routes and the economic impact of the 32 routes that make up this tourist product.

En los últimos años, diversas investigaciones han recalcado la importancia del conocimiento como factor estratégico clave para la elaboración del vino. Así, mientras que, en el enfoque industrial clásico, la industria vinícola estaba orientada a obtener elevados rendimientos por hectárea como fórmula para generar mayores ingresos para los productores, en la actualidad, el sustrato industrial se caracteriza por el uso intensivo de conocimiento para maximizar los rendimientos, prevenir las plagas, realzar la expresión de las variedades locales o cuidar al detalle la vinificación y la crianza. En este contexto, consideramos el marco de la Visión de la Empresa Basada en el Conocimiento (KBV, por sus siglas en inglés) como un enfoque conveniente bajo el cual analizar la importancia de dicho intangible (el conocimiento) en el éxito de las empresas vinícolas. Dado que la presente investigación parte del campo de la estrategia empresarial, en el estudio nos centramos en el análisis del desempeño empresarial, siendo la empresa la unidad de análisis fundamental. El enfoque KBV ha sido considerado como uno de los temas más vibrantes en el campo de la Dirección Estratégica, siendo entendido en la actualidad como uno de los paradigmas teóricos centrales y más influyentes en esta área de estudio. A partir de estas ideas, en el Modelo Teórico 1 propuesto en la presente investigación se modeliza la forma en la que una variable crucial, como lo es la Dirección del Conocimiento (DC), impacta en el rendimiento de las empresas vinícolas. Asimismo, en dicho modelo se incluye el análisis de la Infraestructura de la Dirección del Conocimiento (IDC) como variable antecedente de la DC al favorecer la creación, la transferencia y la aplicación del conocimiento organizacional. Las organizaciones sostenibles tratan de encontrar un punto óptimo entre sus impactos medioambientales y sociales perjudiciales y la rentabilidad económica derivada de su actividad. En la industria vinícola, la noción d

La presente investigación analiza los diferentes factores que influyen en la formación del Capital Intelectual Verde (CIV) en las empresas vinícolas, contribuyendo a la literatura académica de forma notable, puesto que no se ha identificado ninguna investigación que aborde las tres dimensiones del CIV en la industria vinícola. A través del estudio del caso de una bodega, la investigación indica que, desde el punto de vista del Capital Humano Verde (CHV), elementos como los códigos de buenas prácticas ambientales, la organización de sesiones de concienciación ambiental o la asistencia a seminarios son claves para potenciar este conjunto de intangibles. En cuanto al Capital Estructural Verde (CEV), los programas de economía circular, los sistemas informáticos de medición huella de carbono e hídrica y las instalaciones ecoeficientes son claros ejemplos que permiten la formación de esta dimensión del CIV. Por último, el análisis del Capital Relacional Verde (CRV) pone de manifiesto la importancia del vínculo empresa-grupos de interés para la correcta gestión ambiental de las bodegas., The present research analyzes the different factors that influence the formation of Green Intellectual Capital (GIC) in wine companies, contributing to the academic literature in a remarkable way, since no research has been identified that addresses the three dimensions of GIC in the wine industry. Through the case study of a winery, the research indicates that, from the point of view of Green Human Capital (GHC), elements such as codes of good environmental practices, the organization of environmental awareness sessions or the attendance to seminars are key to enhance this set of intangibles. As for Green Structural Capital (GSC), circular economy programs, computer systems for measuring carbon and water footprint and eco-efficient facilities are clear examples that allow the formation of this dimension of the GIC. Finally, the analysis of Green Relational Capital (GRC) highlights the importance of the company-stakeholder link for the proper environmental management of wineries., Esta investigação analisa os diferentes factores que influenciam a formação do Capital Intelectual Verde (CIV) nas empresas vinícolas, contribuindo de forma notável para a literatura académica, uma vez que não foi identificada qualquer investigação que aborde as três dimensões do CIV na indústria vinícola. Através do estudo de caso de uma adega, a investigação indica que, do ponto de vista do Capital Humano Verde (CHC), elementos como os códigos de boas práticas ambientais, a organização de sessões de sensibilização ambiental ou a participação em seminários são fundamentais para melhorar este conjunto de intangíveis. Quanto ao Capital Estrutural Verde (CEV), programas de economia circular, sistemas informáticos de medição de pegadas de carbono e água e instalações eco-eficientes são exemplos claros que permitem a formação desta dimensão do CIV. Finalmente, a análise do Capital Relacional Verde (CRC) destaca a importância da ligação empresa-stakeholder para a correcta gestão ambiental das adegas.

The present research analyzes the different factors that influence the formation of Green Intellectual Capital (GIC) in wine companies, contributing to the academic literature in a remarkable way, since no research has been identified that addresses the three dimensions of GIC in the wine industry. Through the case study of a winery, the research indicates that, from the point of view of Green Human Capital (GHC), elements such as codes of good environmental practices, the organization of environmental awareness sessions or the attendance to seminars are key to enhance this set of intangibles. As for Green Structural Capital (GSC), circular economy programs, computer systems for measuring carbon and water footprint and eco-efficient facilities are clear examples that allow the formation of this dimension of the GIC. Finally, the analysis of Green Relational Capital (GRC) highlights the importance of the company-stakeholder link for the proper environmental management of wineries., Esta investigação analisa os diferentes factores que influenciam a formação do Capital Intelectual Verde (CIV) nas empresas vinícolas, contribuindo de forma notável para a literatura académica, uma vez que não foi identificada qualquer investigação que aborde as três dimensões do CIV na indústria vinícola. Através do estudo de caso de uma adega, a investigação indica que, do ponto de vista do Capital Humano Verde (CHC), elementos como os códigos de boas práticas ambientais, a organização de sessões de sensibilização ambiental ou a participação em seminários são fundamentais para melhorar este conjunto de intangíveis. Quanto ao Capital Estrutural Verde (CEV), programas de economia circular, sistemas informáticos de medição de pegadas de carbono e água e instalações eco-eficientes são exemplos claros que permitem a formação desta dimensão do CIV. Finalmente, a análise do Capital Relacional Verde (CRC) destaca a importância da ligação empresa-stakeholder para a correcta gestão ambiental das adegas, La presente investigación analiza los diferentes factores que influyen en la formación del Capital Intelectual Verde (CIV) en las empresas vinícolas, contribuyendo a la literatura académica de forma notable, puesto que no se ha identificado ninguna investigación que aborde las tres dimensiones del CIV en la industria vinícola. A través del estudio del caso de una bodega, la investigación indica que, desde el punto de vista del Capital Humano Verde (CHV), elementos como los códigos de buenas prácticas ambientales, la organización de sesiones de concienciación ambiental o la asistencia a seminarios son claves para potenciar este conjunto de intangibles. En cuanto al Capital Estructural Verde (CEV), los programas de economía circular, los sistemas informáticos de medición huella de carbono e hídrica y las instalaciones ecoeficientes son claros ejemplos que permiten la formación de esta dimensión del CIV. Por último, el análisis del Capital Relacional Verde (CRV) pone de manifiesto la importancia del vínculo empresa-grupos de interés para la correcta gestión ambiental de las bodegas.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to focus on analyzing how the set of green intangibles held by wineries and their members, i.e. green intellectual capital (GIC), affects green innovation performance (GIP). Specifically, the study aims to investigate how GIP is influenced by GIC through the mediating role of the variable knowledge management (KM) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Design/methodology/approach – The study proposes a conceptual model, based on previous studies, which is tested through structural equations (PLS-SEM) with data collected from 202 Spanish wineries. Findings – The results of the research indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between GIC and GIP. Furthermore, CSR and KM partially mediate the relationship between these two variables, playing a key role in the environmental management of wineries. Originality/value – The present research, therefore, contributes to the literature in several ways. First, the study advances the understanding of GIC as well as its link with GIP. Second, the research aims to fill the gap in the literature through the study of CSR and KM as mediating variables in such a link. Third, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the model proposed has not been previously addressed in the academic literature, thus representing an advance in scientific knowledge. Fourthly, no research has addressed the study of environmental intangibles in the wine industry, with this research, therefore, being a pioneer in contextualizing the study of GIC in this increasingly knowledge-intensive industry.

La actividad emprendedora tiene un gran impacto económico y social, ya que genera oportunidades y promueve la reducción de las desigualdades, contribuyendo a alcanzar algunos de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible recogidos en la Agenda 2030 como, por ejemplo, la reducción de la pobreza y de la desigualdad de oportunidades o el impulso al crecimiento económico. En este contexto la Universidad juega un papel muy relevante en la sociedad, siendo una parte esencial del sistema económico de cualquier territorio. En este sentido, la Universidad puede ser concebida como un agente de suma relevancia para facilitar la creación de una cultura basada en la innovación, mejorar la sociedad y el medioambiente en el que se localiza su actividad, así como incrementar el pensamiento creativo y trasformador en los individuos. Por tanto, dicha Institución puede actuar como catalizadora del crecimiento económico a través del emprendimiento sostenible, entendiéndose como aquella actividad emprendedora que contribuye al desarrollo sostenible. Esta actividad emprendedora trata de dar respuesta a las necesidades de desarrollo con dosis de innovación y aprovechando una oportunidad de negocio rentable (descartando la caridad o el altruismo). Desde el Sistema Universitario son cada día más importantes los esfuerzos realizados para promover un emprendimiento responsable y sostenible, tratando de desarrollar competencias y habilidades entre los estudiantes universitarios desde un enfoque transversal. En este sentido, como muchas otras, la Universidad de Alicante intenta desarrollar todo un catálogo de actividades (formación académica, programas de prácticas, programas impulso y acompañamiento, premios y reconocimientos…). Hay que tener en cuenta que las competencias describen la capacidad o disposición de actuar, aunque no permitan indicar si un individuo actuará de determinada manera en una situación específica necesariamente, debiendo entenderse como conjuntos complejos de conocimientos

This study analyses the impact of international experience on firm economic performance from the organisational learning approach. Moreover, the study explores the double mediating effect of green knowledge and eco-innovation in the relationship between international experience and economic performance. Using data from 120 Spanish internationalised agri-food companies, a structural equation model is proposed. Findings reveal that international experience does not have a direct and immediate effect on global economic performance. However, international experience positively influences eco-innovation in internationalised firms, which are exposed to more demanding environmental pressures and are able to assume this risker type of innovation with greater guarantees. Eco-innovation is more likely when the company increases its green knowledge stock, considering that the acquisition of green knowledge is also favoured by international experience. According to these results, it can be concluded that companies which do not use their international experience to acquire new knowledge and to introduce innovations, have more difficulty in improving their overall performance.

Este trabajo se centra en analizar en qué medida la Universidad de Alicante, a través de las diferentes actividades formativas que pone a disposición de su alumnado, motiva el desarrollo de competencias para el emprendimiento sostenible. Para influir en este tipo de competencias, que son fruto de un conjunto complejo de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes, se hace necesario identificar si factores como el género, la orientación hacia el emprendimiento y/o la orientación hacia la sostenibilidad influyen en su configuración. Con este objetivo se ha llevado a cabo un estudio empírico en el que se han recogido, a través de una encuesta online, las percepciones de 101 estudiantes de grados universitarios afines a la dirección de empresas. La estimación del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales planteado nos permite concluir que el soporte que ofrece la Universidad de Alicante a través de las diferentes actividades formativas influye indirectamente en el desarrollo de competencias para el emprendimiento sostenible, influyendo sobre la orientación emprendedora y la orientación hacia la sostenibilidad de los estudiantes de dirección de empresas. Sin embargo, no se han podido constatar diferencias en ninguna de las variables estudiadas en función del género de los encuestados.